本文關(guān)鍵詞： 氣象因子 玉米 光合特性 產(chǎn)量　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：為了研究氣象條件對玉米光合特性及產(chǎn)量所造成的影響,以遼寧省大面積推廣種植的中晚熟品種"鄭單958"為材料,于2015～2016年在沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院科研試驗基地進行了為期兩年的試驗。通過分期播種方法模擬不同氣象條件,并利用統(tǒng)計相關(guān)分析方法探討氣象因子對玉米光合特性及產(chǎn)量的影響。取得主要結(jié)果如下:1.氣溫、光照強度及相對濕度是影響凈光合速率較為顯著的氣象因子,一定溫度范圍內(nèi)拔節(jié)期溫度越高、光照強度越強、較大的相對濕度以及較高的積溫和較大的累積日照時數(shù)會對光合作用產(chǎn)生促進作用;之后的生育階段,溫度越高、累積降水量越大越會抑制凈光合速率的增長。2.氣孔導(dǎo)度易受到各氣象條件的影響,在玉米各生育階段內(nèi),一定范圍內(nèi)的溫度和光照強度的升高會抑制氣孔導(dǎo)度的增大,相對濕度的增加則會對其產(chǎn)生促進作用,各生育階段前期累積的氣象條件對氣孔導(dǎo)度影響較小。3.在玉米拔節(jié)期內(nèi),氣溫和相對濕度的增加對胞間CO2濃度起到促進作用,光照強度的增大對其產(chǎn)生一定的抑制作用;在其余生育階段內(nèi),氣溫與光照強度是胞間CO2濃度的抑制因子,而相對濕度對其產(chǎn)生促進作用,前期累積氣象條件對其影響并不是十分顯著。4.玉米實時蒸騰速率與全生育階段的實時氣溫、光照強度和前期累積日照時數(shù)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,伴隨著這些因子的升高會使蒸騰速率增大;在一定程度上,全生育期的相對濕度、前期積溫和累積降水對蒸騰速率起到的是抑制作用。5.凈光合速率及蒸騰速率日變化均呈現(xiàn)出先升高后降低的單峰曲線變化,峰值多出現(xiàn)在11時或13時。隨生育進程的推進,凈光合速率及蒸騰速率均有所減弱。溫度、光強日變化整體呈先升高后降低,個別時間點因天氣狀況原因?qū)е聹囟�、光強存在異常升高或降低點;相對濕度日變化趨勢均為上升趨勢,數(shù)值因處理不同而各不相同,且結(jié)果具有不規(guī)則性。凈光合速率的峰值多出現(xiàn)在光照強度日峰值出現(xiàn)的時間上,光強相同時,凈光合速率不同,因其余氣象因子起到了輔助作用。蒸騰速率除受光強、溫度影響以外,相對濕度是影響其的重要因子。6.全生育期內(nèi),積溫和累積降水對產(chǎn)量有顯著的影響,一定范圍內(nèi)積溫越高、累積降水量越大,越能夠提高玉米產(chǎn)量;累積降水與穗粗和禿尖長有極顯著的負相關(guān)關(guān)系,累積日照時數(shù)與穗粗和禿尖長呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:In order to study the effect of meteorological conditions on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of maize, Zhengdan 958, a mid-late mature variety widely popularized and planted in Liaoning Province, was used as the material. A two-year experiment was carried out in Shenyang Agricultural University Agricultural College from 2015 to 2016. Different meteorological conditions were simulated by means of seeding by stages. The main results are as follows: 1. Temperature, light intensity and relative humidity are the most significant meteorological factors affecting net photosynthetic rate. The higher the jointing temperature in a certain temperature range, the stronger the light intensity. The higher the relative humidity, the higher accumulated temperature and the larger accumulated sunshine hours, the higher the photosynthesis is, and the higher the temperature is in the later growth stage. The increase of net photosynthetic rate will be inhibited by the increase of accumulated precipitation. 2. Stomatal conductance is easy to be affected by various meteorological conditions, and the increase of temperature and light intensity in a certain range will inhibit the increase of stomatal conductance in every growing stage of maize. The accumulation of meteorological conditions in the early stages of growth had little effect on stomatal conductance. During the jointing stage of maize, the increase of temperature and relative humidity promoted the concentration of intercellular CO2. The temperature and light intensity were the inhibitory factors of intercellular CO2 concentration in the other growth stages, and the relative humidity promoted them. The effect of accumulated meteorological conditions on it was not very significant. 4. The real time transpiration rate of maize was positively correlated with the real time temperature, light intensity and accumulated sunshine hours in the whole growing stage. With the increase of these factors, the transpiration rate increases; to some extent, the relative humidity of the whole growth period, The effect of accumulated temperature and precipitation on transpiration rate was inhibited. 5. Net photosynthetic rate and diurnal variation of transpiration rate showed a single peak curve of first rising and then decreasing, and the peak value appeared at 11: 00 or 13:00, and with the development of growth, the net photosynthetic rate and the diurnal variation of transpiration rate showed a single peak change. The net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate were all weakened. The diurnal variation of temperature and light intensity increased first and then decreased. The temperature increased or decreased at some time points due to the weather condition. The diurnal variation trend of relative humidity is all upward, and the values are different because of different treatments, and the results are irregular. The peak of net photosynthetic rate appears at the time when the daily peak of light intensity appears, and when the light intensity is the same, The net photosynthetic rate is different, because the other meteorological factors play an auxiliary role. Besides the influence of light intensity and temperature, relative humidity is the important factor. 6. During the whole growth period, accumulated temperature and accumulated precipitation have significant effects on yield. The higher the accumulated temperature in a certain range, the greater the accumulated precipitation, the higher the corn yield, the more significant negative correlation was found between accumulated precipitation and ear diameter and bald tip length, and the positive correlation was found between cumulative sunshine time and ear diameter and bald tip length.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S513
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本文編號：1512423