發(fā)布時間：2018-02-05 23:39

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 籽瓜 幼苗 土壤 栽培密度 坐果節(jié)位 產(chǎn)量　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本試驗通過測定采自甘肅省高臺縣的17#北、17#南、15#高臺、15#大塊、14#沙、14#低以及南新七份土壤的結(jié)構(gòu)組成與理化性質(zhì),了解了七份土壤的物理組分及其基本理化性質(zhì),探究了土壤理化性質(zhì)對籽瓜幼苗生長的影響及影響最大的土壤理化因子,并通過鹽分處理與改良處理研究了改良土壤對籽瓜幼苗生長的影響;本文還研究了大田生產(chǎn)條件下籽瓜坐果節(jié)位、不同栽培密度和不同整枝方式對籽瓜果實與種子產(chǎn)量的影響。得出以下結(jié)論:1.七份土壤中,14#低與南新由于鹽分含量過高,加之土壤結(jié)構(gòu)較差,極不適宜于籽瓜的生長;17#北、15#高臺土壤沙性較大,土壤團(tuán)聚體含量較低,保肥保水性能差,不利于籽瓜高產(chǎn)的獲得;17#南、15#大塊土壤雖有一定的粘重,但土壤物理性質(zhì)如田間持水量、土壤最佳含水量等較大,比沙性較大的土壤易獲得較高的產(chǎn)量;14#沙土壤團(tuán)聚體含量較高,且水穩(wěn)定性好,土壤飽和持水量最大、三種孔隙度均最高等等,是該地區(qū)籽瓜適宜種植的土壤。2.幼苗生長試驗結(jié)果表明,含鹽量高的14#低和南新土壤出苗速度和出苗率最低,且幼苗生長指標(biāo)也最差;沙性土壤的17#北等幼苗的全生物量相對較少,但根系相關(guān)指標(biāo)好于土壤相對較粘重的17#南;相對較為粘重土壤15#大塊和17#南幼苗全生物量高于相對沙性較大土壤的17#北和15#高臺;土壤14#沙的地上鮮干重、地下鮮干重、全株鮮干重及根冠比等指標(biāo)均較好。3.幼苗葉片和根系生理指標(biāo)的測定結(jié)果沒有生長指標(biāo)規(guī)律性強。高鹽含量土壤的幼苗葉綠素含量高,且部分MDA含量較高。土壤理化性質(zhì)較好的14#沙、15#高臺和17#北其根系活躍面積和根吸收總面積較大,15#大塊和17#南中等,而含鹽量較高的14#低和南新面積較小。因此,土壤含鹽量的高低影響著根系的生長與功能的發(fā)揮。4.土壤改良的試驗(增加或減少鹽分)進(jìn)一步驗證了含鹽量對幼苗生長的影響。對于含鹽量較高的土壤加入沙子和有機質(zhì)有利于出苗速率和各生長指標(biāo)的改善。而土壤相對較好的17#原經(jīng)沙子和有機質(zhì)的改良,其地上鮮干重、地下鮮干重、全株鮮干重及根冠比等指標(biāo)均得到了明顯的提高。5.坐果節(jié)位對籽瓜果實與種子的產(chǎn)量影響是同步的,低節(jié)位果實能夠顯著的降低籽瓜果實與種子的產(chǎn)量。從主蔓節(jié)位上看10節(jié)以上相對較高,7-9節(jié)有少量損失,5-6節(jié)損失明顯;而子蔓不同坐果節(jié)位的果實與種子產(chǎn)量與主蔓高節(jié)位果實相近。6.單瓜重隨著種植密度的增加而變小。而瓜產(chǎn)量2000株/667m2最低,3000株/667m2和4000株/667m2相近。籽產(chǎn)量3000株/667m2整體高一些,2000株/667m2和4000株/667m2相近。雙蔓整枝的單瓜重和瓜產(chǎn)量相對較高,其次為三蔓整枝或單蔓整枝。
[Abstract]:In this experiment, the structural composition and physicochemical properties of 17 # Beisong 17# South Gaotai 15# Gaotai 15# large SHA14 # SHANG14# low and Nanxin seven soils collected from Gaotai County, Gansu Province were determined. The physical components and basic physical and chemical properties of seven soils were studied, and the effects of soil physical and chemical properties on the growth of seed melon seedlings and the soil physicochemical factors were investigated. The effect of improved soil on the growth of seed melon seedlings was studied by salt treatment and improved treatment. The effects of fruiting node, different planting density and different pruning methods on fruit and seed yield of seed melon were also studied in this paper. Because of the high salt content and poor soil structure, 14# and Nanxin were not suitable for the growth of seed melon. The soil sand property of No. 17# Beidong 15# highstand is larger, the content of soil aggregate is lower, and the performance of maintaining fertilizer and water is poor, which is not conducive to obtaining high yield of seed melon. The soil physical properties such as field water holding capacity, optimum soil moisture content and so on are larger, and higher yield is obtained than that in sandy soil. The soil aggregate content of 14# sand is high, the water stability is good, the saturated water capacity of soil is the largest, the three kinds of porosity are all the highest, and so on, which is the suitable soil of seed melon planting in this area. The result of seedling growth test shows that. The rate of seedling emergence and seedling emergence rate were the lowest in 14 # with high salt content and the lowest in the south new soil, and the seedling growth index was the worst. The total biomass of 17 # North seedlings in sandy soil was relatively small, but the root system correlation index was better than that of 17 # south with relatively clay weight. The total seedling biomass of 15# chunks and 17# southern soils in the relatively sticky soil was higher than that in the north and 15# plateau of the relatively sandy soil. Soil 14# sand fresh dry weight on the ground, fresh dry weight underground. The whole plant fresh dry weight and root-shoot ratio were better. 3. The results of physiological indexes of seedling leaves and roots were not regular, and the chlorophyll content of high salt content soil was high. And some of MDA content is higher, and the soil physical and chemical properties of 14# Shayang15# high platform and 17# north its root active area and root absorption total area is larger than 15# bulk and 17# south medium. And the high salinity of 14# and the south of the new area is smaller. Effect of soil salinity on the growth and function of root system. Experiment of soil improvement (increase or decrease salt). The effect of salt content on seedling growth was further verified. The addition of sand and organic matter to the soil with higher salt content was beneficial to the improvement of seedling emergence rate and growth index. The improvement of the quality of the machine. The above ground fresh dry weight, underground fresh dry weight, whole plant fresh dry weight and root-shoot ratio were obviously increased .5.The effect of fruit node position on the yield of seed melon fruit and seed was synchronous. The low node fruit can significantly reduce the fruit and seed yield of seed melon. The fruit and seed yield of different fruiting nodes of vines was similar to that of the main vines. The weight of single melon decreased with the increase of planting density, while the yield of 2000 plants / 667m2 was the lowest. 3000 plants / 667m2 and 4000 plants / 667m2 are similar. The seed yield of 3000 plants / 667m2 is higher overall. 2000 / 667m2 and 4000 / 667m2 were similar. The single melon weight and yield of twin-vine pruning were relatively high, followed by triple-vine pruning or single-vine pruning.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S651

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 徐小輝;石建福;;不同整枝留果方式對哈密瓜產(chǎn)量及品質(zhì)的影響[J];上海農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2015年06期

2 閆林奇;段小紅;;會寧縣籽瓜產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展面臨的問題與對策[J];時代金融;2015年29期

3 秦愛麗;郭泉水;簡尊吉;朱莉;裴順祥;趙志祿;邢繼疇;;不同育苗基質(zhì)對圃地崖柏出苗率和苗木生長的影響[J];林業(yè)科學(xué);2015年09期

4 潘金華;莊舜堯;史學(xué)正;曹志洪;蔡憲杰;程森;呂成文;;土壤結(jié)構(gòu)改良劑對皖南烤煙生長發(fā)育·產(chǎn)量及產(chǎn)值的影響[J];安徽農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué);2015年23期

5 孫梅;黃運湘;孫楠;徐明崗;王伯仁;張旭博;;農(nóng)田土壤孔隙及其影響因素研究進(jìn)展[J];土壤通報;2015年01期

6 朱金方;劉京濤;陸兆華;夏江寶;柳海寧;金悅;;鹽脅迫對中國檉柳幼苗生理特性的影響[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報;2015年15期

7 蘇永中;楊曉;楊榮;;黑河中游邊緣荒漠-綠洲非飽和帶土壤質(zhì)地對土壤氮積累與地下水氮污染的影響[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2014年10期

8 余坤;馮浩;王增麗;丁奠元;;氨化秸稈還田改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)增加冬小麥產(chǎn)量[J];農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報;2014年15期

9 李文信;黃金艷;李智;李桂芬;何毅;洪日新;覃斯華;李天艷;樊學(xué)軍;;大棚嫁接西瓜栽培密度、坐果節(jié)位及整枝方式試驗(摘要)[J];中國瓜菜;2014年S1期

10 王一帆;阿拉塔;倉木拉;福英;烏恩;;重度鹽堿化草地土壤改良對牧草出苗率的影響[J];草原與草業(yè);2014年02期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 鄭存德;土壤物理性質(zhì)對玉米生長影響及高產(chǎn)農(nóng)田土壤物理特征研究[D];沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

2 孫宇瑞;非飽和土壤介電特性測量理論與方法的研究[D];中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2000年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前10條

1 徐燦;基于分形維的土壤團(tuán)聚體穩(wěn)定性評價及其與可蝕性的關(guān)系[D];長江科學(xué)院;2015年

2 邸承賢;影響無籽西瓜雜交種子產(chǎn)量與質(zhì)量的因素分析[D];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

3 王純武;不同密度對滴灌籽瓜產(chǎn)量及相關(guān)栽培技術(shù)的影響[D];新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2014年

4 孫芳芳;土壤結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性與孔隙的定量研究[D];浙江大學(xué);2013年

5 康潔;玉米根系分布特征及其對土壤物理特性的影響[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2013年

6 王曉娟;籽瓜種子發(fā)育中組織結(jié)構(gòu)及營養(yǎng)成分積累規(guī)律的研究[D];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2012年

7 曹良元;土壤團(tuán)聚體組成及耕作方式對微生物區(qū)系分布的影響[D];西南大學(xué);2009年

8 趙珊珊;作物秸稈改良土壤對越橘生長發(fā)育的影響[D];吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2008年

9 張燕;新型土壤改良劑節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)試驗研究[D];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué);2008年

10 樊華;15種常見園林綠化植物的耐鹽性研究[D];西南大學(xué);2007年

，

本文編號：1493056