本文關(guān)鍵詞： 元寶楓 生長(zhǎng)性狀 葉片成分 遺傳變異 主成分分析 綜合指數(shù)選擇　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：元寶楓(Acer truncatum Bunge.)又名元寶樹、平基槭、華北五角楓等,是槭樹科(Aceraceae)槭屬(Acer)落葉喬木,中國特有樹種,廣泛種植于東北、華北等地區(qū)。元寶楓是一種集綠化、材用、油料、鞣料、藥用等為一身的抗逆樹種,是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)林木之一。本研究對(duì)栽植于3個(gè)試驗(yàn)地的11個(gè)元寶楓半同胞家系和一個(gè)對(duì)照進(jìn)行觀測(cè)和分析,采用完全隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),6株/小區(qū),5個(gè)重復(fù),株行距為3 m×3 m,小區(qū)在地點(diǎn)內(nèi)隨機(jī)排列,用于研究元寶楓半同胞家系的生長(zhǎng)性狀和葉片礦質(zhì)元素及營養(yǎng)成分含量,得出以下結(jié)論:1.元寶楓半同胞家系的各個(gè)生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)均有一定程度的變異,且各個(gè)指標(biāo)呈現(xiàn)極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)于元寶楓生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)的家系選擇可以達(dá)到同時(shí)選育樹高、胸徑、冠幅皆優(yōu)的優(yōu)良家系。胸徑的變異系數(shù)變化范圍為24.91%~41.58%,其中家系1的變異系數(shù)最大,家系2的變異系數(shù)最小;樹高的變異系數(shù)變化范圍為18.60%~23.56%,其中家系1的變異系數(shù)最大,家系2的變異系數(shù)最小;冠幅的變異系數(shù)變化范圍為10.37%~18.05%,其中家系1的變異系數(shù)最大,家系2的變異系數(shù)最小。從家系遺傳力來看,11個(gè)元寶楓半同胞家系的冠幅遺傳力為0.6795受中等以上程度遺傳控制,胸徑的遺傳力為0.4132受中等程度遺傳控制,樹高的家系遺傳力為0.3235,受低等程度的控制。在11個(gè)家系的元寶楓的單株遺傳力方面,樹高、胸徑和冠幅的單株遺傳力分別為0.1375、0.2269、0.4615,除冠幅受中等強(qiáng)度遺傳控制以外,胸徑和樹高受低等程度遺傳控制,從遺傳改良角度來看胸徑和樹高的家系選擇的育種效果較小。2.采用綜合指數(shù)選擇法對(duì)元寶楓半同胞家系進(jìn)行選擇,建立選優(yōu)方程I=14.8485x1+4.4365x2+24.3150x3,按照20%的入選率家系11和家系2被初選為最優(yōu)家系。兩個(gè)入選家系中綜合指數(shù)第一的家系11,其胸徑、樹高、冠幅的遺傳增益分別是1.07%、0.13%、6.37%;指數(shù)排名第二的家系2,其胸徑、樹高、冠幅的遺傳增益分別是1.91%、0.15%、2.92%。3.11個(gè)元寶楓家系5.5年生的實(shí)測(cè)樹高和胸徑數(shù)據(jù),對(duì)元寶楓家系的樹高、胸徑的變異和樹高-胸徑相關(guān)模型進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明地點(diǎn)間、家系間、地點(diǎn)與家系間交互作用均達(dá)到極顯著水平(P0.01),樹高和胸徑表型變異系數(shù)變化范圍分別為32.41%~34.58%和18.64%~21.97%。以10個(gè)常見的數(shù)學(xué)模型模擬元寶楓家系樹高-胸徑關(guān)系,篩選適于三個(gè)地點(diǎn)的最優(yōu)模型并針對(duì)所有調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)建立元寶楓的樹高-胸徑模型。根據(jù)元寶楓家系樹高-胸徑擬合最優(yōu)模型的相關(guān)系數(shù)均達(dá)到了0.8以上,均方根誤差介于0.052~0.310之間,模型的擬合效果較好。應(yīng)用部分獨(dú)立樣本檢驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),各最優(yōu)模型的平均誤差很小,殘差分布均勻,預(yù)估精度達(dá)到了90%以上。表明這些模型可以用來描述該地點(diǎn)及類似生境元寶楓樹高的變化規(guī)律,可以為該區(qū)域開展元寶楓優(yōu)良家系選育、林分生長(zhǎng)與收獲等工作提供理論基礎(chǔ)。4.元寶楓葉片礦質(zhì)元素及營養(yǎng)成分指標(biāo)的變異系數(shù)計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示:氮元素的變異范圍為14.30%~33.53%、磷元素的變異范圍為14.30%~33.53%磷元素、鉀元素的變異范圍為13.38%~26.88%、鈉元素的變異范圍為3.09%~17.57%、鋅元素的變異范圍為13.38%~26.18%、鈣元素的變異范圍為14.80%~18.81%、鎂元素的變異范圍為11.42%~20.41%、鐵元素的變異范圍為31.29%~38.61%、銅元素的變異范圍為11.46%~24.33%、錳元素的變異范圍為39.74%~43.13%、中蛋白質(zhì)的變異范圍為14.30%~35.74%、游離氨基酸的變異范圍為15.49%~35.73%、可溶性還原糖的變異范圍為31.29~50.32%。葉片中鈉元素的含量有最小的變異系數(shù)平均為15.41%,可溶性還原糖的變異系數(shù)最大平均為40.87%,推測(cè)可溶性還原糖具有更大的改良潛力。由于計(jì)算結(jié)果表明大多數(shù)葉片成分指標(biāo)的家系遺傳力大于一,且葉片成分指標(biāo)較多,故采用主成分分析法進(jìn)行基于葉片成分指標(biāo)的優(yōu)良家系的選擇。將家系的各個(gè)指標(biāo)帶入主成分分析中的以排名前20%的家系入選為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選綜合評(píng)價(jià)排名前兩名的家系為優(yōu)良家系,分別是家系3和家系9。
[Abstract]:Acer (Acer truncatum Bunge.) also known as gold tree, Pingjiqi, five North Jiaofeng, is Aceraceae Acer (Aceraceae) (Acer) deciduous tree, endemic species China, widely cultivated in Northeast China, North China and other regions. Acer is a set of green wood, oil, tanning, medicinal resistant a species, is one of the important economic trees. 11 Acer half sib families of the plant in 3 experiments and a control observation and analysis, using completely randomized trial design 6 strains / area, 5 repeats, lines from 3 m * 3 m small, random arrangement in place, and for nutrient content and growth characteristics of mineral elements in the leaves of Acer half sib, draw the following conclusions: 1. the variation of Acer half sib growth index to a certain extent, and each index was significantly positively correlated to. In the selection of Acer truncatum growth index lines can be reached at the same time selection of tree height, DBH, crown width of superior families are excellent. The coefficient of variation range of DBH is 24.91%~41.58%, the coefficient of variation of 1 pedigrees, 2 families of the minimum coefficient of variation; variation coefficient of tree height variation range is 18.60%~23.56%, in which variation the maximum coefficient of 1 families, 2 families of the minimum coefficient of variation; coefficient of variation range of crown width is 10.37%~18.05%, the coefficient of variation of 1 pedigrees, the coefficient of variation of 2 pedigrees. The smallest family heritability, crown heritability 11 Acer half sib 0.6795 controlled by genetic above average level, the heritability of DBH is 0.4132 controlled by moderate genetic, family heritability of tree height was 0.3235, under the control of low degree. The individual heritability in 11 pedigrees of Acer truncatum, tree height, DBH and crown width The individual heritability was 0.1375,0.2269,0.4615, the crown is controlled by genetic medium strength, low degree of genetic control of tree height and DBH, breeding effect of.2. from the point of view of the smaller genetic improvement of DBH and tree height of family selection using the comprehensive index method to select the element of Baofeng half sib family selection, establishment according to the I=14.8485x1+4.4365x2+24.3150x3 equation, the selection rate of 20% family 11 and 2 primaries for the best families. The comprehensive index of the two selected families in the first 11 families, the DBH, tree height, crown genetic gain were 1.07%, 0.13%, 6.37%; ranked second in 2 families, the DBH the tree height, crown width, genetic gain were 1.91%, 0.15%, 5.5 year old 2.92%.3.11 measured tree Acer family of DBH and height data of Acer truncatum family tree height, DBH and tree height diameter variation model of Analysis. The results show that the location, family, place and family interaction reached significant level (P0.01), the variation range of tree height and DBH phenotypic variation coefficients were 32.41%~34.58% and 18.64%~21.97%. in 10 common mathematical model of tree height and DBH between Acer family, the optimal model for screening three according to the site and all the survey data and build the maple tree height diameter model. According to the family tree Acer high correlation coefficient of the best model fit the DBH reached above 0.8, the root mean square error between between 0.052~0.310, a better model fitting effect. The application part of the independent sample test data test, the average error of the optimal model very small, residual distribution, prediction accuracy is more than 90%. The results show that these models can be used to describe the variation of the location and similar habitat Yuanbao Maple high, can The area to carry out Acer truncatum superior family selection, growth and yield of stands with coefficient of variation and the nutritional components of the basic theory of.4. of Acer truncatum mineral element calculation results show that the variation range of nitrogen is 14.30%~33.53% and the variation range of phosphorus is 14.30%~33.53% phosphorus, potassium variation range is 13.38%~26.88%. The range of variation sodium 3.09%~17.57%, the range of variation of Zn 13.38%~26.18%, calcium variation range is 14.80%~18.81%. The variation range of magnesium is 11.42%~20.41%, the variation of iron range 31.29%~38.61%, copper variation range is 11.46%~24.33%. The variation range of manganese is 39.74%~43.13%, the range of variation of protein 14.30%~35.74%, mutation the range of free amino acids was 15.49%~35.73%, soluble sugar and sodium for reducing the range of variation of leaf in 31.29~50.32%. yuan The content of the minimum average coefficient of variation was 15.41%, the maximum average coefficient of variation of soluble reducing sugar was 40.87%, that of soluble reducing sugar has improved with more potential. The calculation results show that the family heritability of most leaf components is greater than one, and more components of leaves, so using principal component analysis method for good family composition index of leaves based on choice. Each index family main component analysis in the top 20% families were selected as the standard, the comprehensive evaluation of the top two families as the superior families, are family 3 and 9.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S792.35

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