本文關(guān)鍵詞： 立式旋耕刀 SPH 有限元 土壤切削 性能優(yōu)化　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前丘陵山地主要使用微耕機進行耕地作業(yè),其實際耕深一般只有10~15cm,長期淺耕已經(jīng)帶來了犁底層加厚、土壤板結(jié)、保肥保墑能力下降、蓄水保水能力逐年弱化及病蟲害增加等嚴(yán)重問題,農(nóng)戶亟需丘陵山地適用的小型深耕機。立式銑削作業(yè)是小型深耕機可采用的有效作業(yè)模式之一,立式旋耕刀結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運動參數(shù)的取值將直接影響立式深耕機的作業(yè)質(zhì)量好壞和功耗大小。本文根據(jù)切削理論和土壤動力學(xué)理論,對立式旋耕刀線型進行了設(shè)計和仿真分析,以選定范圍內(nèi)的最小整機功耗為目的,對立式旋耕刀具的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和運動參數(shù)進行了優(yōu)化和試驗研究。(1)根據(jù)土壤動力學(xué)、切削學(xué)基本理論及經(jīng)驗公式初步設(shè)計立式旋耕刀的線型,推導(dǎo)了螺旋刀具的線型方程,并選定立式旋耕刀的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù);(2)分析了刀具的運動軌跡,其軌跡為擺線;由土壤動力學(xué)和切削學(xué)理論分析了立式旋耕模式下土壤粒子的運動軌跡和受力狀態(tài),并得到立式旋耕刀的臨界角速度關(guān)系方程;分別從宏觀和微觀角度分析了旋耕刀切削土壤的功率消耗情況,其主要影響因素有前進速度、結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和旋轉(zhuǎn)速度;(3)采用SPH算法構(gòu)建符合實際特征的土壤本構(gòu)模型,并對單個旋耕刀進行動態(tài)仿真模擬,分析了旋耕刀切削阻力和功率消耗的變化規(guī)律及土壤粒子的運動狀態(tài);驗證了懸臂梁刀具安裝的可行性;進行耕作部件的動態(tài)仿真,檢驗了刀具的排列方式、數(shù)量和刀盤的設(shè)計;通過作業(yè)功率測試實驗驗證了仿真模型的可行性。仿真分析和實驗結(jié)果表明:1)針對本文所設(shè)計的旋耕刀,其前進速度為0.3m/s,旋轉(zhuǎn)速度為240r/min,經(jīng)切削阻力的分析,單個刀片的切削阻力穩(wěn)定在1000N左右;2)立式旋耕刀在作業(yè)過程中,分別選取三個不同深度的土壤粒子做出運動軌跡,分析土壤粒子的位移、速度和加速度曲線圖,得出了刀具對土壤有提升運輸作用,基本實現(xiàn)了上翻下松的目的。3)通過刀具的仿真分析,得到其切削功率為3.3kW,大小約為單個旋耕刀的3倍,且功率值波動穩(wěn)定;說明各個刀片的受力均勻,選擇的刀片排列方式切實可行,能達到預(yù)期旋耕效果。4)通過測試平臺對仿真模型的單個刀具進行驗證實驗,其實測功率值與仿真結(jié)果誤差為8.68%。(4)以旋耕刀的前進速度、旋轉(zhuǎn)速度和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為試驗因子,功耗為試驗指標(biāo)制定虛擬正交試驗,并采用軟件SPSS建立功耗與各因子的一次回歸方程,設(shè)定目標(biāo)函數(shù)和約束條件運用軟件MATLAB對其一次線性回歸方程進行優(yōu)化,得到立式旋耕刀具最小功耗值和與之對應(yīng)的最優(yōu)運動參數(shù)和結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為:最小功耗為2.43kW,此時前進速度為0.28m/s,旋轉(zhuǎn)速度為20.78rad/s,螺旋圈數(shù)為1.35。(5)進行實驗驗證。測試優(yōu)化后旋耕刀具實驗功耗平均值為2.64kW,與仿真結(jié)果誤差為8.64%,驗證理論分析和仿真模型的正確性。同時,通過平臺實驗的測得小型深耕機平臺的耕深合格率為91.17%、碎土率為72.54%和耕后地表平整度為2cm,各項耕作性能指標(biāo)均達標(biāo)。
[Abstract]:At present, the main use of Hilly and mountainous micro cultivator for farmland operation, the actual depth of only 10~15cm, long-term tillage has brought plough layer thickening, soil compaction, decreased fertilizer holding capacity, water holding ability gradually weakening and serious pest problems increased, farmers need small deep plowing machine for hilly vertical. Milling is one of the effective operation mode of small deep plowing machine can be used, the value of vertical rotary blade structure parameters and motion parameters will directly affect the operation quality and the power consumption of the size of vertical deep plowing machine. Based on the cutting theory and soil dynamics theory, the vertical type of rotary blade design and simulation analysis, in the selected range the minimum power consumption for the purpose of structure parameters and motion parameters on vertical rotary cutting tools were optimized and experimental research. (1) according to the soil dynamics, cutting theory Linear vertical rotary blade preliminary design of the basic theory and empirical formula, linear equation of spiral cutter is deduced, and the selected vertical structure parameters of the rotary blade; (2) analysis of the tool path, the path for cycloid; theoretical analysis and stress state of soil particle trajectory model under vertical rotary tillage by Soil Science the dynamics and cutting, and get the critical angular velocity equation of vertical rotary blade; respectively from the perspective of macro and micro analysis of the power consumption of rotary blade cutting, the main influence factors of forward speed, structure parameters and rotational speed; (3) building accords with the actual characteristics of the soil constitutive model using SPH algorithm. And a single rotary blade were simulated, analyzed the motion variation and soil particle rotary blade cutting resistance and power consumption; to verify the feasibility of cantilever installation tool; Dynamic simulation of tillage parts, inspection tool arrangement, design number and cutter; through the operation power test to prove the feasibility of the simulation model. The simulation analysis and experimental results show that: 1) for the design of the rotary blade, the forward speed is 0.3m/s, the rotation speed is 240r/min, through the analysis of cutting the resistance of the single blade cutting resistance is stable at about 1000N; 2) vertical rotary blade in the process of operation, and selects three different depths of the soil particle motion trajectory, displacement analysis of soil particle, velocity and acceleration curve, the cutter lifting transportation effect on soil, the basic realization of the up and down the purpose of pine.3) by cutting simulation, the cutting power is 3.3kW, the size is about 3 times of a single rotary blade, fluctuation of stability and power; description of each blade of uniform stress, selection The arrangement of the blade is feasible, can achieve the desired effect of rotary.4) test platform through a single tool of the simulation model is verified experimentally, the measured power value error and simulation results for 8.68%. (4) to the rotary blade speed, rotating speed and structure parameters as experimental factors, power of making virtual orthogonal test as test indexes. Using a regression equation was established with SPSS software and the power factor, setting the objective function and constraints using the software MATLAB on the linear regression equation was optimized, by vertical rotary cutting tools the minimum power consumption value and the optimal motion and structure parameters corresponding to the minimum power consumption of 2.43kW, the forward speed is 0.28m/s, the rotating speed is 20.78rad/s, the number of spiral 1.35. (5) experiment. The optimized experimental test of rotary cutting tools the average power consumption value is 2.64kW, and the simulation results of error For 8.64%, verify the correctness of theoretical analysis and simulation model. Meanwhile, through platform experiment, the qualified rate of plough depth of small deep tillage machine platform is 91.17%, the rate of broken soil is 72.54%, and the surface evenness of cultivated land is 2cm, all the indicators of tillage performance are all up to standard.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S222

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