本文關(guān)鍵詞：苜蓿遺傳多樣性及3個主栽品種的產(chǎn)草量和品質(zhì)分析　出處：《安徽科技學院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 苜蓿 種子 表觀性狀 遺傳多樣性 草產(chǎn)量 品質(zhì)

【摘要】：苜蓿作為優(yōu)質(zhì)牧草,在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整、生態(tài)建設(shè)以及畜牧業(yè)的發(fā)展中具有重要的地位和作用。為了豐富我國苜蓿種質(zhì)資源,了解世界苜蓿的遺傳多樣性以及親緣關(guān)系,同時為了解本地主栽苜蓿品種的生產(chǎn)性能。本研究對來自世界各地的264份苜蓿品種資源的種子表觀性狀和DNA遺傳多態(tài)性進行分析,并從中篩選3份主栽品種進行產(chǎn)草量和品質(zhì)比較,結(jié)果如下。1、苜蓿種子表觀性狀的測定及品種資源聚類分析對264份苜蓿品種資源進行方差分析,結(jié)果表明千粒重、面積、周長、長寬比、長、寬、直徑和圓度8個種子表觀性狀在品種間有極顯著差異;千粒重與面積、周長、長、寬和直徑間具有極顯著正相關(guān);面積與周長、長、寬和直徑有極顯著正相關(guān);長與寬和直徑有極顯著正相關(guān);寬與直徑極顯著正相關(guān);主成分分析結(jié)果表明,將高產(chǎn)種子作為育種目標時,應(yīng)重點考慮第1主成分的作用,第2主成分大小中等即可。綜上所述,苜蓿種子的全部表觀性狀可用作聚類分析。利用種子表觀性狀對264份苜蓿品種進行聚類分析,結(jié)果表明在歐式距離為5.728處,可將全部材料分為7大類:第1大類有3份品種資源;第2大類、第4大類和第5大類各有2份品種資源;第3大類有5份品種資源;第6大類有10份品種資源;其余品種資源都被劃分為第7大類,它們的歐式距離都小于5.728,其中59號和255號距離最小,為0.15。2、DNA遺傳多樣性分析利用來源不同的6份苜蓿品種資源對350對SSR引物進行篩選,最終選出84對擴增條帶清晰、穩(wěn)定和多態(tài)性好的引物,用于264份苜蓿品種資源的遺傳多樣性分析。84對SSR引物在264個品種中擴增得到637個等位基因,平均每個位點有7.58個等位基因,多態(tài)性率達99.03%。264份苜蓿品種資源SSR聚類結(jié)果表明,在DICE遺傳相似系數(shù)為0.515處,可以將264份苜蓿品種資源聚為7大類:第2大類、第3大類和第6大類都只有1份品種資源;第1大類、第4大類和第5大類有2份品種資源;其余苜蓿品種資源被聚為第7大類。在264份品種資源中,202號和203號相似系數(shù)最大,為0.92。對苜蓿種子表觀性狀聚類與SSR分子標記聚類結(jié)果進行比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)雖有一定差異,但仍存在部分一致性。3、3個主栽品種的產(chǎn)草量和品質(zhì)比較分析在前期產(chǎn)草量和品質(zhì)初篩的基礎(chǔ)上,對安徽五河秋實草業(yè)有限公司苜�；剡B片種植的3個主栽苜蓿品種的產(chǎn)草量和品質(zhì)進行分析。結(jié)果表明:苜蓿在本地區(qū)每年可刈割5茬,不同刈割茬次間的產(chǎn)草量有極顯著差異;2015年維斯頓總產(chǎn)草量最高、WL903最低,而2016年WL903總產(chǎn)草量最高、維斯頓卻最低,但兩年累計總產(chǎn)草量在3個品種間無顯著差異;3個品種的品質(zhì)性狀無顯著差異;單位面積產(chǎn)草量與相對飼用價值間極顯著正相關(guān),但粗蛋白與酸性洗滌纖維和中性洗滌纖維間呈極顯著負相關(guān)�？傊�,維斯頓、WL525和WL903長勢良好,病蟲害較少,產(chǎn)草量和品質(zhì)均符合農(nóng)業(yè)部高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)苜蓿示范片區(qū)驗收標準,達到一級以上牧草品質(zhì)要求,適合安徽推廣種植。
[Abstract]:As alfalfa forage quality, in the adjustment of agricultural industry structure, has an important position and role of ecological construction and development of animal husbandry. In order to enrich the alfalfa germplasm resources in China, to understand the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of the alfalfa world at the same time, in order to understand the production performance of alfalfa varieties. The local study of 264 alfalfa varieties varieties from around the world, the seeds of apparent analysis traits and DNA genetic polymorphism, and were selected from 3 varieties compare the amount and quality of grass, the results were as follows:.1, the apparent traits of alfalfa seed testing and species resource clustering analysis variance analysis of 264 alfalfa varieties, the result grain weight, area, perimeter, ratio of length to width, length, width, diameter and roundness of 8 seed varieties in apparent traits had significant difference; 1000 grain weight and area, perimeter, length, width and diameter is very significant Significant positive correlation; area and perimeter, length, width and diameter have significant positive correlation; long and wide and have extremely significant positive correlation between diameter; width and diameter significantly correlated; the principal component analysis showed that the yield of seed as the breeding goal, the focus should be on the first principal components for the second main composition of medium size. To sum up, all the apparent characters of alfalfa seed can be used for clustering analysis. The apparent seed characters of 264 alfalfa varieties were cluster analysis. The results show that in the Euclidean distance of 5.728, all the materials could be divided into 7 categories: first categories of 3 varieties of second categories of resources;, fourth categories and fifth categories with 2 varieties of resources; third categories of 5 varieties of resources; Sixth categories of 10 varieties of resources; the remaining varieties are divided into seventh categories, their Euclidean distance is less than 5.728, of which 59 and 255, the smallest distance is 0.15.2. DN A analysis of genetic diversity of 350 pairs of SSR primers were screened using different sources of 6 alfalfa varieties of resources, and ultimately selected 84 primers, primer stability and good polymorphism, 264 for genetic diversity analysis of alfalfa germplasm resources.84 SSR primer pairs amplified 637 alleles in 264 varieties, the average there are 7.58 alleles, polymorphic rate of 99.03%.264 continuous alfalfa varieties SSR clustering results show that the DICE genetic similarity coefficient of 0.515, 264 alfalfa varieties can be clustered into 7 categories: second categories, third categories and sixth categories are only 1 copies germplasm resources; first categories, fourth categories and fifth categories of 2 varieties of alfalfa germplasm resources; the rest are clustered into seventh categories. In 264 varieties, No. 202 and No. 203 similarity coefficient is the largest, 0.92. of alfalfa seed phenotypic traits and SSR molecular markers clustering Remember to compare the clustering results, found that although there are some differences, but there are still some consistency.3,3 varieties yield and quality comparison and analysis in the early yield and quality of screening, the 3 main cultivated varieties of alfalfa grass yield and quality of Alfalfa Grass Industry Co Ltd Anhui Wuhe Qiushi base contiguous planting were analyzed. The result showed that the alfalfa in the region every year can harvest 5 stubble, yield between different cutting times had significant difference; Weston in 2015 the total yield is highest, the lowest WL903 and WL903 in 2016, the total yield is highest, Weiss meal was the lowest, but two years cumulative total production the grass was no significant difference among the 3 varieties; there was no significant difference between the quality traits of 3 varieties; yield per unit area and relative feed value was significantly positively correlated, but the crude protein and acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber showed a significant negative correlation between the total. Weston, WL525 and WL903 grew well and had fewer diseases and insect pests. Their yield and quality were all in line with the acceptance standard of the Ministry of agriculture's high-yield and high-quality alfalfa demonstration area, and reached the quality requirements of pasture above level, which is suitable for popularizing planting in Anhui.

【學位授予單位】：安徽科技學院
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S541

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