發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-15 17:38

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：四種灌木對(duì)鹽堿脅迫的生理響應(yīng)及其對(duì)土壤主要肥力指標(biāo)的影響　出處：《寧夏大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 耐鹽植物 鹽堿土 植物改良 Biology-ECO

【摘要】：隨著寧夏地區(qū)土地鹽堿化日趨嚴(yán)重,耕地資源的緊缺,土地鹽堿化已嚴(yán)重制約了農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展,改良和利用鹽堿地成為了我們研究的主要方向。鹽堿土的改良是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期而復(fù)雜的工程,其核心是降低土壤有害鹽分含量,改善土壤環(huán)境使其適應(yīng)植物生長(zhǎng),提高作物產(chǎn)量。目前,在眾多改良方法中利用耐鹽植物改良鹽堿土被認(rèn)為是最高效持久的解決辦法。本文以不同濃度NaCl和NaHCO3脅迫下的黑果枸杞、沙棘、銀水牛果、檉柳為試驗(yàn)材料,將耐鹽植物、土壤和微生物視為一個(gè)整體進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)性研究,分析植物對(duì)不同濃度的鹽堿脅迫的生理響應(yīng),植物對(duì)鹽分的吸收、運(yùn)移,植物對(duì)鹽堿土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分的影響,以及土壤微生物功能多樣性等的研究。得出以下結(jié)論:(1)不同濃度NaCl和NaHCO3脅迫對(duì)植物的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、光合特性都會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同程度的影響;比較四種植物在不同種類鹽脅迫下生長(zhǎng)及其光合特性的變化和下降幅度,NaHCO3脅迫對(duì)沙棘、銀水牛果和檉柳的鹽害程度高于NaCl脅迫,而NaHCO3脅迫對(duì)而黑果枸杞的鹽害程度低于NaCl脅迫。綜合分析可得四種植物耐鹽堿性比較為:黑果枸杞檉柳銀水牛果沙棘。(2)植物可以從土壤中吸收毒害性最強(qiáng)的Na+并通過(guò)莖轉(zhuǎn)移至地上部分,起到土壤脫鹽的作用。四種植物中黑果枸杞的吸收能力最強(qiáng),Na+在整株植物的累積量達(dá)到100mg/100g,其次是檉柳,沙棘和銀水牛果的效果不顯著。隨著脅迫的持續(xù)和鹽分濃度的遞增,植物體內(nèi)離子含量的積累和轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)發(fā)生了變化,根系通過(guò)增加K+/Na+提高對(duì)脅迫的適應(yīng)性,并由根系將毒性離子轉(zhuǎn)移至地上部分,地上部分Na+增加K+含量降低。地下部分恰好相反,所以植物的莖葉是儲(chǔ)存Na+的主要組織。(3)種植耐鹽植物對(duì)土壤有機(jī)質(zhì)和無(wú)機(jī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素都有明顯的影響,四種植物作用下有機(jī)質(zhì)含量明顯增加,土壤的全氮、全磷、全鉀都有不同程度提高。隨著脅迫強(qiáng)度的增加土壤各營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素呈下降的趨勢(shì),在堿脅迫下土壤各營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素含量低于同等濃度的鹽脅迫。隨著時(shí)間的增長(zhǎng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素含量整體水平上升,其中檉柳的效果最為顯著,所以耐鹽植物可有效的提高鹽堿土壤的肥力,對(duì)鹽堿土壤有改良作用。(4)在鹽堿脅迫下,黑果枸杞和檉柳的根區(qū)微生物活性高于對(duì)照,但隨著脅迫強(qiáng)度的增加有所下降。沙棘和銀水牛果結(jié)果則與之相反。植物根區(qū)土壤微生物功能多樣性與土壤全氮、全磷存在極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系。綜上所述,種植耐鹽植物具有對(duì)鹽堿土鹽分的主動(dòng)吸收、運(yùn)移的作用,對(duì)土壤化學(xué)性質(zhì)、微生物功能多樣性的改善和提升作用,因此,本試驗(yàn)的研究結(jié)果對(duì)寧夏鹽堿地改良改良技術(shù)體系具有重要的補(bǔ)充和支撐作用。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious land salinization and the shortage of cultivated land resources in Ningxia, land salinization has seriously restricted the development of agriculture. The improvement of saline-alkali soil is a long-term and complex project, the core of which is to reduce soil harmful salt content and improve soil environment to adapt to plant growth. To increase crop yields. Using salt-tolerant plants to improve saline-alkali soil is considered to be the most effective and lasting solution among many improved methods. Black fruit wolfberry seabuckthorn and silver buffalo under different concentrations of NaCl and NaHCO3 stress were used in this paper. The salt-tolerant plants, soil and microorganisms were regarded as a whole to study systematically the physiological response of plants to different concentrations of saline-alkali stress, and the absorption and migration of salt to plants. Effects of plants on chemical properties and nutrients of saline-alkali soils. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) different concentrations of NaCl and NaHCO3 stress have different effects on plant growth and photosynthesis. The changes of growth and photosynthetic characteristics of four plants under different salt stress and the decreasing extent of NaHCO3 stress on seabuckthorn, silver buffalo fruit and Tamarix were higher than those under NaCl stress. The salt tolerance of four plants under NaHCO3 stress was lower than that of NaCl stress. The results showed that the salt tolerance of four species of plants was: Tamarix chinensis, Tamarix chinensis, Silver buffalo fruit Hippophae rhamnoides (Rhizoma rhamnoides). Plants can absorb the most toxic Na from the soil and transfer it to the aboveground part through the stem. In the four plants, the absorption capacity of Lycium barbarum was the strongest, and the accumulation of Na in the whole plant was 100 mg / 100 g, followed by Tamarix chinensis. The effect of Hippophae rhamnoides and Silver Buffalo fruit was not significant. The accumulation and transport of ions in plants changed with the increasing of salt concentration and stress. Root system increased the adaptability to stress by increasing K / Na, and transferred toxic ions to the aboveground part by root. The Na content in the aboveground part increased and decreased, but in the underground part, the contrary. Therefore, plant stem and leaf is the main tissue of Na storage.) Salt tolerant plants have obvious effects on soil organic matter and inorganic nutrients, and the content of organic matter increases obviously under the action of four plants. Soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium increased in varying degrees. With the increase of stress intensity, the soil nutrient elements showed a downward trend. Under alkali stress, the content of nutrient elements in soil was lower than that of salt stress of the same concentration. With the increase of time, the overall level of nutrient element content increased, and the effect of Tamarix chinensis was the most significant. Therefore, salt-tolerant plants can effectively improve the fertility of saline-alkali soil, and improve the saline-alkali soil. 4) under salt and alkali stress, the microbial activity in root zone of Lycium barbarum and Tamarix chinensis is higher than that of control. But with the increase of stress intensity, the results of seabuckthorn and silver buffalo fruit were opposite. There was a very significant positive correlation between soil microbial function diversity and soil total nitrogen and total phosphorus in plant root zone. Planting salt-tolerant plants has the function of active absorption and migration of salt in saline-alkali soil, and the improvement and promotion of soil chemical properties and microbial functional diversity. The research results of this experiment have important supplement and support function to the technical system of improving saline-alkali land in Ningxia.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧夏大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q945.78;S158

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