本文關鍵詞：陜西省關中地區(qū)獼猴桃病害調(diào)查及潰瘍病防治研究　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 獼猴桃 病害調(diào)查 潰瘍病 藥劑評價

【摘要】：獼猴桃作為一種優(yōu)質(zhì)保健果品,在國內(nèi)外果品消費市場上有著很大潛力。陜西作為我國獼猴桃主栽區(qū),種植面積和總產(chǎn)量均居全國第一。由真菌、細菌等病原物侵染引發(fā)的病害一直是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中面臨的重要的問題。獼猴桃病害種類很多,其中具有重要經(jīng)濟性的有10余種。近年來,隨著獼猴桃種植面積的不斷擴大、栽培方式的變化及其品種的多樣化,影響生產(chǎn)的主要病害種類也隨著發(fā)生變化。獼猴桃潰瘍病是當前世界各獼猴桃栽培區(qū)均面臨的重大病害,已然給世界獼猴桃產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來了毀滅性的影響。因此,本研究在2015-2017年間在陜西省獼猴桃主要種植區(qū)周至、眉縣、岐山、楊凌等地對獼猴桃主要病害種類進行了普查;并對潰瘍病的發(fā)生特點進行了分析,進一步評價了幾種藥劑的防治效果。取得的主要研究結果如下:1.在2015~2016年對陜西省關中地區(qū)獼猴桃園病害種類通過田間癥狀觀察、病樣采集、分離培養(yǎng)及病原鑒定等方法進行了調(diào)查。調(diào)查結果表明:在所調(diào)查時期內(nèi),獼猴桃園內(nèi)發(fā)生的真菌病害有黑斑病、菌核病、炭疽病、褐斑病、根腐病等,但各種病害發(fā)生情況較輕。2.在2016-2017年間對陜西關中地區(qū)獼猴桃潰瘍病的發(fā)生情況及其特點進行了系統(tǒng)調(diào)查。調(diào)查結果顯示:所調(diào)查縣(區(qū))獼猴桃潰瘍病仍然是生產(chǎn)中面臨的重要病害,平均發(fā)病率。進一步的病害發(fā)病特點的分析發(fā)現(xiàn):不同品種間潰瘍病發(fā)生差異顯著,其中品種紅陽發(fā)病率最高,徐香、海沃德發(fā)病率顯著低于紅陽;此外,在同一調(diào)查地區(qū),潰瘍病發(fā)生率在不同樹齡間明顯不同,樹齡越大的果園病害發(fā)生越嚴重。3.分別采用樹體噴霧和枝干涂抹兩種方法評價了8種藥劑對獼猴桃潰瘍病的田間防治效果。試驗結果顯示:所測試的8種藥劑對獼猴桃潰瘍病均有一定的防治效果。兩種施藥方式比較發(fā)現(xiàn),枝干涂抹藥劑對病害表現(xiàn)出更好的防治效果。不同藥劑的防治效果差異較大,其中氫氧化銅防治效果最好為71-83%。
[Abstract]:As a kind of high quality health care fruit, kiwifruit has great potential in the domestic and international fruit consumption market. Shaanxi is the main cultivated area of kiwifruit in China. The diseases caused by the infection of bacteria and other pathogens have been an important problem in agricultural production. There are many kinds of kiwifruit diseases, among which there are more than 10 species with important economy. With the continuous expansion of kiwifruit planting area, the change of cultivation methods and the variety of kiwifruit varieties. Kiwifruit canker is one of the major diseases in kiwifruit cultivation areas, which has already brought a devastating impact to the world kiwifruit industry. The main diseases of kiwifruit were surveyed in Zhouzhi, Mei County, Qishan, Yangling and other places in Shaanxi Province during 2015-2017. The characteristics of ulcerative disease were analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1. From 2015 to 2016, the disease types of kiwifruit orchard in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province were observed by field symptom observation. The results showed that the fungus diseases in kiwifruit orchard were black spot, sclerotia sclerotiorum, anthracnose and brown spot. Root rot, etc. The incidence and characteristics of kiwifruit canker in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province were systematically investigated in 2016-2017. Kiwifruit canker is still an important disease in production. The average incidence rate. Further analysis of disease characteristics found that there were significant differences in the occurrence of ulcerative disease among different varieties, in which the incidence rate of Hongyang was the highest, the incidence of Xuxiang and Hayward was significantly lower than that of Hongyang. In addition, in the same area, the incidence of canker disease was significantly different among different tree ages. 3. The field control effects of 8 insecticides on kiwifruit canker were evaluated by tree spray and branch smear, respectively. The 8 kinds of insecticides tested have certain control effect on kiwifruit canker. The control effect of different insecticides on the disease was better than that of other chemicals, among which copper hydroxide had the best effect of 71-83.
【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.634

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