本文關(guān)鍵詞：井灌區(qū)典型區(qū)域地下水位時(shí)空分布及對灌溉用水響應(yīng)分析　出處：《中國水利水電科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 豐南區(qū) 地下水埋深 時(shí)空分布 數(shù)值模擬 GMS 灰色理論 作物種植結(jié)構(gòu) 農(nóng)業(yè)需水量

【摘要】：華北平原是我國重要的糧食和蔬菜生產(chǎn)基地,該地區(qū)灌溉以地下水為主。由于長期無序開采,地下水位持續(xù)下降,引起了地面沉降裂縫、咸水界面下移入侵深層淡水、機(jī)井報(bào)廢加快、生態(tài)退化和地下水污染等一系列環(huán)境和地質(zhì)問題。唐山市豐南區(qū)作為華北平原一個(gè)典型的地下水開采區(qū),通過探究豐南區(qū)地下水時(shí)空分布現(xiàn)狀,建立豐南區(qū)地下水?dāng)?shù)值模型,分析不同農(nóng)業(yè)用水方案下地下水位的變化規(guī)律,為豐南區(qū)地下水資源的合理利用提供參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)分別針對豐南區(qū)的淡水區(qū)和咸水區(qū)進(jìn)行研究,采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法分析了淡水區(qū)和咸水區(qū)地下水位時(shí)間變化特征,應(yīng)用地統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)法結(jié)合ArcGIS和GS+探究了其地下水位空間變化特征。1984-2014年間淡水區(qū)和咸水區(qū)平均地下水位分別下降了 6.28m和10.78m;地下水位年內(nèi)均呈現(xiàn)季節(jié)性變化。1984-2014年間以降水量為546.96mm/a(平水年)的條件下地下水開采量應(yīng)為252.29mm/a�？菟�,淡水區(qū)和咸水區(qū)地下水開采程度分別為151.35%和141.78%;豐水年地下水開采程度分別為108.89%和104.75%。(2)豐南淡水區(qū)作為農(nóng)業(yè)活動(dòng)的主要區(qū)域,基于豐南淡水區(qū)鉆孔資料及其他相關(guān)資料,利用GMS建立起豐南淡水區(qū)非均質(zhì)、各向同性二維流數(shù)值模型。模擬結(jié)果表明:模擬期和驗(yàn)證期地下水流場與研究區(qū)內(nèi)潛水動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律基本一致;模型模擬精度可靠。(3)基于豐南區(qū)水資源綜合規(guī)劃報(bào)告和"三條紅線",結(jié)合豐南區(qū)1984-2014年各行業(yè)用水資料,運(yùn)用灰色模型GM(1,1)和灰色擺動(dòng)模型GM(1,1,sinw)模型預(yù)測了規(guī)劃年2020年和2030年的工業(yè)、生活和第三產(chǎn)業(yè)需水量,其中2020年分別為3317.15萬m3,2133.80 萬 m3、600.42 萬 m3,2030 年分別為 2709.64 萬 m3,2578.40 萬 m3 和 466.93萬m3�；诜N植結(jié)構(gòu)資料及構(gòu)建的農(nóng)業(yè)種植結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化模型,2020年在豐水年、平水年、枯水年和特枯年條件下農(nóng)業(yè)最優(yōu)種植結(jié)構(gòu)為:夏收糧、秋收糧、油料、棉花、蔬菜和瓜果的種植面積比例分別為 16:27:2:2:0:53、25:33:1:2:14:25、23:32:1:2:15:27、19:27:2:2:18:32;2030年在豐水年、平水年、枯水年和特枯年條件下農(nóng)業(yè)最優(yōu)種植結(jié)構(gòu)為:夏收糧、秋收糧、油料、棉花、蔬菜和瓜果的種植面積比例分別為17:26:2:3:1:51、25:35:1:2:13:24、26:36:1:2:12:23、19:26:2:3:17:33。(4)運(yùn)用GMS建立的地下水模型對2020年和2030年的設(shè)置豐水年、平水年、枯水年和特枯年最優(yōu)作物種植結(jié)構(gòu)下農(nóng)業(yè)需水量4種情景進(jìn)行模擬,從時(shí)間和空間兩個(gè)維度對結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析表明:規(guī)劃年研究區(qū)地下水埋深年內(nèi)隨降水和灌溉呈現(xiàn)季性的變化規(guī)律;各模擬情景下的年平均地下水埋深、枯季和豐季平均地下水埋深較現(xiàn)狀年均有所回升;其中各個(gè)模擬情景下的年平均地下水埋深較現(xiàn)狀年分別回升了 2.3m、2.27m、2.07m、1.81m、2.65m、2.34m、2.15m和1.92m,且地下水埋深空間分布穩(wěn)定。因此,以最嚴(yán)格水資源管理制度為限定,進(jìn)行最優(yōu)作物種植,有利于緩解地下水位的下降趨勢,涵養(yǎng)水源。
[Abstract]:The North China Plain is an important food and vegetable production base in China. Groundwater is the main irrigation area in this area. Due to long-term disorderly exploitation, the groundwater level continues to decline, causing land subsidence cracks. A series of environmental and geological problems such as downward movement of saltwater interface into deep fresh water, accelerated abandonment of machinery wells, ecological degradation and groundwater pollution. Fengnan District of Tangshan City is a typical groundwater mining area in North China Plain. By exploring the present situation of groundwater temporal and spatial distribution in Fengnan District, a numerical model of groundwater in Fengnan District was established, and the variation law of groundwater level under different agricultural water use schemes was analyzed. The main results are as follows: (1) the main research results are as follows: 1) the fresh water and salt water areas in Fengnan District are studied respectively. The time variation characteristics of groundwater level in fresh and brackish water areas were analyzed by statistical method. Using geostatistics method combined with ArcGIS and GS to study the spatial variation characteristics of groundwater table. The average groundwater level in fresh water area and brackish water area decreased from 1984 to 2014, respectively. 6.28m and 10.78m; Seasonal variation of groundwater levels during the year. From 1984 to 2014, the precipitation was 546.96 mm / a (mean year). The groundwater extraction rate should be 252.29mm / a. Dry year. The degree of groundwater exploitation in fresh water area and brackish water area is 151.35% and 141.78 respectively. The extent of groundwater exploitation in abundant water year is 108.89% and 104.75. 2 respectively. As the main area of agricultural activities, Fengnan fresh water area is based on the drilling data and other related data of Fengnan fresh water area. The numerical model of heterogeneous and isotropic two-dimensional flow in the fresh water region of Fengnan is established by using GMS. The simulation results show that the groundwater flow field in the simulation period and the verification period is basically consistent with the dynamic variation law of the phreatic water in the study area. Based on the comprehensive water resources planning report and "three red lines" in Fengnan District, the grey model GM(1 is used to combine the water use data of various industries in Fengnan District from 1984 to 2014. 1) and the grey swinging model (GMZ1) and the grey swinging model (GM1) are used to predict the water demand of industrial, domestic and tertiary industries in 2020 and 2030 of the planning year. In 2020, it was thirty-three million one hundred and seventy-one thousand and five hundred m ~ 3 ~ (3) C ~ (-1) 2133.8 million m ~ (3), respectively, and twenty-seven million ninety-six thousand and four hundred m ~ (3) ~ (3) in the year of 2030m ~ (3) respectively. Twenty-five million seven hundred and eighty-four thousand m3 and four million six hundred and sixty-nine thousand and three hundred m3. Based on the data of planting structure and the optimized model of agricultural planting structure, in 2020, in high water year, average water year. The optimum planting structure of agriculture in dry year and special dry year is as follows: summer grain, autumn grain, oil, cotton, vegetable and melon and fruit are 16: 27: 2: 2: 2: 0: 53 respectively. 25: 33: 1: 2: 14: 25: 2523: 32: 1: 2: 15: 27: 27: 27: 27: 2: 2: 18: 32; In 2030, under the conditions of high water, plain water, dry water and special dry year, the optimum planting structure of agriculture was as follows: summer grain, autumn grain, oil, cotton. The planting area ratio of vegetables and fruits is 17: 26: 2: 2: 2: 1: 5 1: 5 25: 35: 1: 1: 21: 24: 26: 36: 1: 2: 12: 23. 19: 26: 2: 3: 17: 33. 4) the groundwater model established by GMS is used to set up the year of abundant water and the year of average water in 2020 and 2030. Four scenarios of agricultural water demand were simulated under the optimal crop planting structure in dry year and special dry year. The results were analyzed from two dimensions of time and space. The results showed that the seasonal variation of groundwater depth with precipitation and irrigation was observed in the study area in the planning year. The average groundwater depth in each simulation scenario was higher in dry season and abundant season than that in current year. The average annual groundwater depth in each simulation scenario is 2.3mGN 2.27mGN 2.07mGN 1.81mGN 2.65mGN 2.34m, respectively, as compared with the current year. 2.15m and 1.92m, and the spatial distribution of groundwater depth is stable. Therefore, taking the strictest water resources management system as the limit, the optimal crop planting will help to alleviate the downward trend of groundwater level. Conserving water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國水利水電科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P641.8;S273

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