本文關(guān)鍵詞：中國(guó)蚜小蜂科亞科和族的鑒別及基于ITS2序列的黃蚜小蜂屬系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 蚜小蜂科 支序分析 黃蚜小蜂屬 ITS2 rDNA 系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析

【摘要】：蚜小蜂科Aphelinidae隸屬膜翅目Hymenoptera,小蜂總科Chalcidoidea,是重要的天敵昆蟲,在害蟲生物防治中具重要經(jīng)濟(jì)意義。目前該科部分分類單元的劃分還比較混亂,進(jìn)行深入的系統(tǒng)分類和系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究十分必要。本論文基于蚜小蜂科的63個(gè)外部形態(tài)特征,其中包括1個(gè)整體特征、14個(gè)頭部特征、19個(gè)胸部特征、5個(gè)腹部特征、19個(gè)翅特征和5個(gè)足特征,以跳小蜂科的3種Thomsonisca typica、Anabrolepis bifasciata和Coccidencyrtus tp.為外群,采用支序法,對(duì)中國(guó)已發(fā)表的該科22屬中的55種進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行亞科和族的劃分;另外,本論文還對(duì)17種黃蚜小蜂進(jìn)行了 ITS2的測(cè)定,并從NCBI上下載黃蚜小蜂屬的17條ITS2 rDNA基因序列,以Eretmocerus屬為外群,分別采用鄰接法(NJ)、最大簡(jiǎn)約法(MP)和貝葉斯法(BI)構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹,進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)發(fā)育研究。結(jié)論如下:1.本研究采用Hayat(1998)的分類系統(tǒng)支持將中國(guó)蚜小蜂科分為 Aphelininae亞科 Eriaphytinae 亞科、Azotinae亞科 Coccophaginae亞科、Euryischiinae 亞科和 Eriaporinae 亞科,其中,Aphelininae 亞科分為 Aphytini 族(Aphytis屬、Centrodora 屬、Marietta屬、Proaphelinoides屬和Marlattiella 屬)、Eretmocerini族(Eretmocerus屬)和 Aphelini 族(Aphelinus屬和 Protaphelinus 屬)3 個(gè)族;Eriaphytinae亞科、Azotinae 亞科和 Euryischiinae 亞科為單型屬;Coccophaginae亞科分為 Coccophagini族(Coccophag s屬和Prococcophagu 屬)、Physcini 族(Coccobius 屬 Pteroptricini 族(Pteroptrix 屬、Archenomus屬、Aphelosoma 屬、Encarsia 屬、Coccophagoides 屬和 Prococcophagus屬)3個(gè)族。2.Aphelininae 亞科、Azotinae 亞科、Euryischiinae 亞科、Eriaphytinae亞科和Eriaporinae亞科都有較高的支持度,為單系群;Coccophaginae亞科是復(fù)系群。Aphelininae亞科進(jìn)化最快,在該科中Eretmocerini族與Marlattiella屬進(jìn)化關(guān)系較近;Aphytini族是復(fù)系群,Aphytis屬最進(jìn)化;Aphelinini族是單系群,在Aphelininae亞科中最為原始。Coccophaginae 亞科為復(fù)系群,Pteroptricini 族較 Coccophagini族和Physcini族進(jìn)化;Physcini族是單系群;Pteroptricini族和Coccophagini族是復(fù)系群,建議恢復(fù)Coccophagini族的Prococcophagus屬的屬級(jí)地位。3.本研究對(duì)17種黃蚜小蜂進(jìn)行了 ITS2 rDNA的測(cè)定,得到105條序列,由序列分析可知,其A+T的平均含量為52.6%,高于G+C的平均含量(47.4%),轉(zhuǎn)換的頻率是顛換頻率的0.67倍,序列變異性很強(qiáng)。用MEGA 6.05軟件分別計(jì)算17種黃蚜小蜂的ITS2 rDNA基因序列的種內(nèi)、種間遺傳距離,結(jié)果得出種內(nèi)、種間平均遺傳距離分別是0～7.8%和0.523;其中,A nr diaspidis與Aphytis sp.2之間的遺傳距離最小為 0.023,A.holoxanthus、A.nr holoxanthus、A.melinus、Aphytis sp.1之間的遺傳距也相對(duì)較小;Aphytissp.12和funicularis種團(tuán)的遺傳距離最大為0.889,其他種之間親緣關(guān)系較遠(yuǎn)的還有funicularis種團(tuán)與Aphytis sp.4和Aphy is sp.3。4.分析NJ、MP和BI三種方法所建系統(tǒng)發(fā)育樹的關(guān)系,結(jié)論如下:BI樹最好的呈現(xiàn)了黃蚜小蜂屬的系統(tǒng)發(fā)育關(guān)系,其中,lingnanensis種團(tuán)為單系群,分為A.lingnanensis和Aphytissp.1+(AphytiS melinus+(A.holoxcanthus+(4.nr holoxanthus)))兩個(gè)亞種團(tuán);chrysomphali種團(tuán)和proclia種團(tuán)都不是單系群,Aphytis sp.5與lingnanensis種團(tuán)的lingnanensis亞種團(tuán)親緣關(guān)系較近,A nr crysomphali·與Aphytis sp.6是姐妹群;Z145與A.nr diaspidis是同一種;funicularis種團(tuán)為單系群,最原始。
[Abstract]:Aphelinidae Aphelinidae Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea belonging to Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, is an important natural enemy insects, with important economic significance in biological control of insect pests. The division of the Department of some taxa also chaotic, the classification system and in-depth research and development is very necessary. This paper Aphelinidae 63 morphological characteristics based on the overall features including 1, 14 head features, 19 chest features, 5 abdominal features, 19 features and 5 foot wing features in 3 Thomsonisca typica Encyrtidae, Anabrolepis bifasciata and Coccidencyrtus tp. as outgroup, the cladistic method of China published the 22 genera in 55 kinds of phylogenetic analysis, and on the basis of dividing subfamily and family; in addition, this paper also carried out ITS2 determination of 17 species of the aphelinid, and download the Yellow Encarsia from NCBI 17 ITS2 rDNA gene sequences of the genus to genus Eretmocerus as outgroup, respectively using neighbor joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian method (BI) to construct phylogenetic tree for phylogenetic studies. The conclusions are as follows: 1. the research by Hayat (1998) classification system will support China aphid EUPELMIDAE divided into Aphelininae subfamily of Eriaphytinae subfamily, Azotinae subfamily of Coccophaginae subfamily, Euryischiinae subfamily and Eriaporinae subfamily, the Aphelininae subfamily is divided into Aphytini group (Aphytis, Centrodora, Marietta, Proaphelinoides and Marlattiella genus), Eretmocerini group (Eretmocerus) and Aphelini group (Aphelinus and Protaphelinus genus 3 family); Eriaphytinae subfamily, Azotinae subfamily and Euryischiinae subfamily is a monotypic genus; Coccophaginae subfamily is divided into Coccophagini group (Coccophag s and Prococcophagu genus), Physcini Family (genus Coccobius of Pteroptricini family (genus Pteroptrix, genus Archenomus, genus Aphelosoma, genus Encarsia, genus Coccophagoides and genus Prococcophagus) 3 family.2.Aphelininae subfamily, Azotinae subfamily, Euryischiinae subfamily, Eriaphytinae subfamily and Eriaporinae subfamily have a high degree of support, is a monophyletic group; Coccophaginae subfamily is polyphyly.Aphelininae subfamily evolution the fastest in the family of Eretmocerini and Marlattiella is a close evolutionary relationship; group Aphytini is polyphyletic group, Aphytis is the evolution; Aphelinini group is monophyletic, in Aphelininae subfamily the most primitive subfamily.Coccophaginae is polyphyletic group, Pteroptricini group compared with Coccophagini group and Physcini group Physcini group is single evolution; Department of the group; Pteroptricini group and Coccophagini group is polyphyletic group, Coccophagini group and Prococcophagus of the genus of.3. status in 17 recovery proposals Yellow aphid wasps were determined by ITS2 rDNA, obtained 105 sequences, from the analysis of sequence, the average content of A+T is 52.6%, the average content is higher than that of G+C (47.4%), the switching frequency is 0.67 times the frequency of transversion, sequence variability is very strong. The ITS2 rDNA gene sequence to calculate the 17 kinds of yellow aphid wasp respectively with MEGA 6.05 software within species, the genetic distance between species, the species, the average genetic distance is 0 ~ 7.8% and 0.523 respectively; the NR diaspidis Aphytis SP.2 between A and the smallest genetic distance was 0.023, A.holoxanthus, A.nr holoxanthus, A.melinus Aphytis sp.1, the genetic distance between it relatively small; Aphytissp.12 and funicularis group the largest genetic distance was 0.889. The genetic relationship between other distant and funicularis group with Aphytis sp.4 and Aphy is sp.3.4. analysis of NJ, MP and BI system built by the three methods of phylogenetic tree. The conclusions are as follows: BI tree, and present the best system of aphytis development, among them, the lingnanensis group is a monophyletic group, divided into A.lingnanensis and Aphytissp.1+ (AphytiS melinus+ (A.holoxcanthus+ (4.nr holoxanthus))) two subspecies group; chrysomphali group and proclia group are not monophyletic. Close to Aphytis sp.5 and the lingnanensis group lingnanensis group A NR subspecies relationship, crysomphali and Aphytis sp.6 are sister groups; Z145 and A.nr diaspidis are the same; the funicularis group is monophyletic, the most primitive.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S476.3

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