本文關(guān)鍵詞：飼糧中添加谷氨酰胺對(duì)民豬仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能和空腸發(fā)育的影響　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 谷氨酰胺 生長(zhǎng)性能 空腸發(fā)育 民豬仔豬 轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序

【摘要】：民豬是中國(guó)地方豬種,具有繁殖力高、抗逆性強(qiáng)、肉品質(zhì)好等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。目前,由于缺乏民豬仔豬專用飼料,在民豬養(yǎng)殖過程中容易造成新生仔豬生長(zhǎng)遲緩、發(fā)育不良,從而導(dǎo)致的生產(chǎn)性能降低等一系列問題。而谷氨酰胺對(duì)幼齡動(dòng)物的腸道健康和營(yíng)養(yǎng)至關(guān)重要。因此本試驗(yàn)以民豬仔豬為研究對(duì)象,通過飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)以及轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序圍繞谷氨酰胺對(duì)民豬仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能和空腸發(fā)育進(jìn)行研究,為開發(fā)民豬專用飼料提供理論基礎(chǔ)。試驗(yàn)選取體重相近的7日齡民豬仔豬48頭,隨機(jī)分成2組,每組3個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)8頭仔豬。對(duì)照組飼喂基礎(chǔ)飼糧+0.98%丙氨酸,試驗(yàn)組飼喂基礎(chǔ)飼糧+0.8%L-谷氨酰胺。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.生長(zhǎng)性能:與對(duì)照組相比,民豬仔豬平均日增重顯著增加(P0.05),平均日采食量差異不顯著(P0.05)。腹瀉率無顯著差異(P0.05),但腹瀉頻率顯著降低(P0.05)。2.血液指標(biāo):與對(duì)照組相比,試驗(yàn)組血清中總蛋白含量顯著升高(P0.05),同時(shí)白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素含量也有不同程度提高,但無顯著差異(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)組GSH-PX、T-SOD酶活性均有所升高,但未達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05)。而MDA含量則顯著下降(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)組血漿中谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、瓜氨酸、精氨酸濃度分別升高了13.82%、10.42%、19.64%、17.23%(P0.05)。而試驗(yàn)組甘氨酸與丙氨酸濃度極顯著降低,分別降低了25.03%、16.23%(P0.01)。3.空腸絨毛形態(tài):試驗(yàn)組民豬仔豬空腸絨毛高度、絨毛高度與隱窩深度的比值均顯著增加,分別增加了7.11%、11.43%(P0.05)。而空腸絨毛寬度和隱窩深度無顯著變化(P0.05)。4.血漿抗氧化指標(biāo):試驗(yàn)組空腸黏膜中谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶和總超氧化物岐化酶活性均顯著增加,分別提高了15.50%和12.81%(P0.05)。而丙二醛含量顯著降低了16.44%(P0.05)。5.ZO-1與Occludin m RNA和蛋白表達(dá):試驗(yàn)組空腸組織中ZO-1的m RNA與蛋白表達(dá)量均有升高趨勢(shì),但未達(dá)到顯著水平(P0.05),而空腸組織中Occludin的m RNA與蛋白表達(dá)量均差異顯著(P0.05)。6.轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序結(jié)果:使用Illumina平臺(tái)對(duì)民豬仔豬空腸進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄組測(cè)序,總共獲得約1.96億高質(zhì)量的reads,23.626Gb的堿基總數(shù)。試驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組空腸組織中差異表達(dá)的基因共有383個(gè),與對(duì)照組相比,試驗(yàn)組表達(dá)上調(diào)的基因有227個(gè),表達(dá)下調(diào)的基因有156個(gè)。通過GO注釋,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)預(yù)測(cè)的靶基因參與了不同的生物學(xué)過程和分子功能,例如發(fā)育過程、抗氧化活性、營(yíng)養(yǎng)庫活性、生長(zhǎng)和信號(hào)傳導(dǎo)。差異基因富集的KEGG途徑中,視黃醇代謝、花生四烯酸代謝和亞油酸代謝與動(dòng)物腸道中的營(yíng)養(yǎng)調(diào)節(jié)有關(guān)。此外,從測(cè)序得到的基因中選擇與谷氨酰胺調(diào)節(jié)腸道功能相關(guān)的10個(gè)基因進(jìn)行QPCR驗(yàn)證,發(fā)現(xiàn)谷氨酰胺可以調(diào)節(jié)與民豬仔豬空腸氧化損傷、營(yíng)養(yǎng)吸收以及腸道通透性相關(guān)的基因從而保護(hù)腸道健康。結(jié)論:民豬仔豬飼糧中添加谷氨酰胺能夠有效提高仔豬平均日增重,并一定程度上促進(jìn)仔豬空腸的發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:Min-pig is a local pig breed in China, which has the advantages of high fecundity, strong resistance to stress, good meat quality and so on. At present, due to the lack of special feed for Min-pig piglets, it is easy to cause the growth retardation of newborn piglets in the breeding process. There are a series of problems such as poor development, which results in the decline of production performance. Glutamine is very important to the intestinal health and nutrition of young animals. The effects of glutamine on growth performance and jejunum development of Min-pig piglets were studied by feeding test and transcriptome sequencing. In order to provide the theoretical basis for the development of the special feed for domestic pigs, 48 piglets of 7 days of similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups with 3 replicates in each group. The control group was fed with 0.98% alanine and the experimental group was fed with 0.8 L- glutamine. The results were as follows: 1. Growth performance: compared with the control group. The average daily gain of the piglets increased significantly (P 0.05), but the average daily feed intake was not significantly different from that of the control group (P 0.05). There was no significant difference in diarrhea rate (P 0.05). Blood index: compared with the control group, the serum total protein content of the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group, while the albumin and globulin. Urea content also increased in varying degrees, but there was no significant difference (P 0.05). The activity of GSH-PXX T-SOD increased in the experimental group. However, the content of MDA was significantly decreased in the test group. The plasma glutamate, glutamine and citrullinic acid in the plasma of the experimental group were decreased significantly. Arginine concentration increased by 13.82% and 10.42% and 19.64% and 17.23%, respectively. The concentrations of glycine and alanine decreased significantly in the test group. The jejunal villus morphology: the ratio of villi height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth were significantly increased in the experimental group. There was an increase of 7.11% respectively. The width of villi and the depth of crypt did not change significantly (P0.05). Plasma antioxidant index: the activities of glutathione peroxidase and total superoxide dismutase in jejunal mucosa of the experimental group were significantly increased. The content of malondialdehyde increased by 15.50% and 12.81 respectively, while the content of malondialdehyde decreased significantly (P0.05). The expression of m RNA and protein of ZO-1 in jejunum of the experimental group showed a tendency to increase. 5. The expression of ZO-1 m RNA and protein in the jejunum of the experimental group showed a tendency to increase. But it did not reach the significant level (P0.05). The expression of m RNA and protein of Occludin in jejunum was significantly different from that in jejunum (P0.05). Results of transcriptome sequencing: the Illumina platform was used to sequence the jejunum of Minzhou piglets. A total of 196 million high quality bases of READsN 23.626Gb were obtained. 383 differentially expressed genes were found in jejunum of the trial group and the control group, compared with the control group. In the experiment group, 227 genes were up-regulated and 156 genes were down-regulated. Through go annotation, we found that the predicted target genes were involved in different biological processes and molecular functions, such as developmental processes. Antioxidant activity, nutrition pool activity, growth and signal transduction. Differentially gene enriched KEGG pathway, retinol metabolism. Arachidonic acid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism were related to nutrition regulation in animal intestines. In addition, 10 genes associated with glutamine regulation of intestinal function were selected from the sequenced genes for QPCR validation. It was found that glutamine could regulate the oxidative damage of jejunum in Min-pig piglets. Nutrition absorption and intestinal permeability related genes to protect intestinal health. Conclusion: dietary glutamine supplementation can effectively improve the average daily gain of piglets. And to some extent promote the development of piglets jejunum.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S828.5

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本文編號(hào)：1381134