發(fā)布時間：2018-01-01 02:30

  本文關鍵詞：SYAUP-770對灰葡萄孢作用機理初步研究及其鹽的合成與活性篩選　出處：《沈陽農業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 嘧啶胺類化合物 灰葡萄孢菌 作用機理 超微結構 殺菌活性

【摘要】：嘧啶胺廣泛應用于農藥領域,是一類重要的雜環(huán)類化合物,該類化合物具有除草、殺蟲、殺菌等生物活性。前期,本實驗室合成了一系列嘧啶胺類化合物,在此基礎上篩選出活性高的化合物SYAUP-770,進一步研究其作用機制,為開發(fā)防治灰霉病的新型殺菌劑、豐富殺菌劑品種提供理論基礎和依據(jù),為后續(xù)結構優(yōu)化,篩選,研發(fā)奠定理論基礎。本論文對SYAUP-770進行了生物抑制活性測定,防治番茄灰霉病的內吸輸導性測定及對灰葡萄孢形態(tài)及超微結構影響的測定。此外,為優(yōu)化SYAUP-770的殺菌活性,本實驗進行了 SYAUP-770鹽的合成及篩選。結論如下:本文研究了 SYAUP-770對四種抗嘧霉胺的灰霉菌的菌絲生長的抑制作用、菌絲干重的影響、孢子的萌發(fā)、菌核產(chǎn)生等不同生育階段的抑制作用。結果表明:SYAUP-770對灰葡萄孢的菌絲生長和孢子形成以及孢子萌發(fā)抑制作用十分明顯。從EC50及EC80值可以看出,SYAUP-770對四個抗性菌株的殺菌活性均好于對照藥劑嘧菌環(huán)胺和嘧霉胺。此外在PDA培養(yǎng)基中,SYAUP-770對FS-09,HLD-15和CY-09菌株的EC50值均小于1μg/mL。此結果表明,在PDA和FGA培養(yǎng)基上,SYAUP-770對三種抗性菌株都表現(xiàn)出了很高的抑菌活性。同時試驗也發(fā)現(xiàn)藥劑量加大后不僅菌核數(shù)減少,菌核塊也變小,顏色變淡,由黑色變淺灰色,當SYAUP-770的處理藥劑濃度在5 μg/mL時,PDA含藥平板上已無菌核產(chǎn)生。而對照藥劑嘧菌環(huán)胺在40 μg/mL時,抑制率為100%,但是隨著藥劑濃度的降低,對菌核的抑制率也逐漸降低。當濃度為5 μg/mL時,已經(jīng)不抑制菌核的產(chǎn)生,相反會促進菌核的產(chǎn)生。也就是說高濃度時抑制菌核的產(chǎn)生,低濃度時促進菌核的產(chǎn)生。采用活體盆栽噴霧法,測定了 SYAUP-770對灰葡萄孢菌寄主的保護與治療作用,以及SYAUP-770對黃瓜植株的內吸作用、對番茄灰霉病的持效性測定。結果表明:SYAUP-770對灰霉病兼具保護和治療作用,且在番茄植株上的治療作用明顯,黃瓜植株上的保護效果明顯且優(yōu)于治療效果,其防治效果高達85.8%;內吸作用結果表明,SYAUP-770可能具有橫向內吸性能;從持效性測定結果看,開始SYAUP-770對灰霉病的效果沒有嘧菌環(huán)胺的明顯,但是隨著藥劑處理時間的延長,藥劑SYAUP-770處理的番茄植株發(fā)病率逐漸減低,并且長勢優(yōu)于對照藥劑嘧菌環(huán)胺處理的番茄植株。本文所述的新型嘧啶胺類化合物SYAUP-770對灰葡萄孢菌絲形態(tài)和超微結構的影響與現(xiàn)有殺菌劑嘧菌環(huán)胺略有不同。SYAUP-770可以抑制灰葡萄孢孢子萌發(fā),萌發(fā)數(shù)變少;菌絲的分枝增多,菌絲體萎縮、塌陷、變形;熒光顯微試驗可以證實:菌體及孢子體的生物膜受損傷。SYAUP-770處理菌絲體3d后,超微結構下菌體細胞壁外部物質發(fā)生變化,細胞壁結構被破壞,細胞囊泡化嚴重,但部分菌體線粒體清晰可見,且數(shù)目增多,線粒體的脊變大。綜上可以初步推測,一方面細胞膜受到損傷,另一方面細胞壁及細胞壁外層物質受到損害,導致細胞防護能力降低,加速細胞死亡;細胞內囊泡化增多,這些都加速了病菌的死亡。本試驗合成了 38個SYAUP-770的鹽,對其進行了離體與活體活性篩選。該類化合物對三種灰霉病菌的離體活性普遍較高,尤其是對CY-09和HLD-15兩個菌種在50μg/mL的抑制率基本在90%以上,其中有四個化合物對XM菌株的活性在80%以上。此外,38個化合物對水稻紋枯病和黃瓜褐斑病的殺菌活性也均在90%左右。在黃瓜活體盆栽試驗中,所有化合物對灰霉病菌均表現(xiàn)出了防治效果,高于對照藥劑嘧霉胺與嘧菌環(huán)胺,其中SYAUP-770的間三氟甲基苯甲酸鹽18和2-甲氧基苯甲酸鹽19的防效高于SYAUP-770。
[Abstract]:Pyrimidinamine is widely used in the field of pesticide, is a kind of important heterocyclic compounds, the compounds with herbicidal and insecticidal, sterilization and other biological activities. A series of pre pyrimidinamine compounds were synthesized in this laboratory, based on the screening of high activity compound SYAUP-770, further study of the mechanism for the development of new fungicide the prevention and control of Botrytis cinerea, rich varieties of fungicides to provide theoretical foundation and basis for the subsequent screening, structure optimization, development, lay the theoretical foundation of this thesis. The biological inhibition activity for SYAUP-770 determination to control Botrytis cinerea bioaccumulation determination and effect on the morphology and ultrastructure of Botrytis cinerea. In addition, for optimization of SYAUP-770 bactericidal activity, we studied the synthesis and screening of SYAUP-770 salt. The conclusions are as follows: This paper studies the SYAUP-770 mycelium of four pyrimethanil against Botrytis cinerea The growth inhibition effect, the dry weight of mycelium, spore germination, inhibition of production of sclerotia in different stages. The results showed that SYAUP-770 mycelium growth and spore of Botrytis cinerea formation and spore germination inhibition effect is very obvious. It can be seen from the EC50 and EC80 value, the bactericidal activity of four SYAUP-770 resistant strains were better than the control Cyprodinil and pyrimethanil agents. In addition in the PDA medium, SYAUP-770 of FS-09, HLD-15 and CY-09 strains of EC50 values were less than 1 g/mL. the results showed that in PDA and FGA medium, SYAUP-770 of three resistant strains showed high antibacterial activity at the same time. The test also found that the dose increased not only reduce the number of sclerotia of Sclerotium, is also smaller, lighter in color from black, light gray, when the concentration of SYAUP-770 in the treatment of 5 g/mL, containing PDA plate has been produced. While the control of nuclear sterile Medicament Cyprodinil at 40 g/mL, the inhibition rate was 100%, but with lower concentrations, the inhibition rate of sclerotia decreased gradually. When the concentration is 5 g/mL, has no inhibition of sclerotial formation, on the contrary will promote the sclerotial formation. That is to say were inhibited at high concentration, promote sclerotium the low concentration. The in vivo spray method, protective and therapeutic effects of SYAUP-770 on Botrytis cinerea host were determined, and SYAUP-770 on Cucumber in the suction effect and the effect of holding on the determination of Botrytis cinerea. The results show that SYAUP-770 has protective and therapeutic effects on Botrytis cinerea, and the therapeutic effect in the tomato plants obvious protective effect on cucumber plants and significantly better than the treatment effect, the control effect was 85.8%; systemic effect. The results showed that SYAUP-770 may have a lateral suction performance; results from persistence of determination Start, the effect of SYAUP-770 on Botrytis cinerea was not Cyprodinil but with longer treatment time, pharmacy, pharmacy SYAUP-770 processing tomato incidence rate decreased gradually, and the tomato plants grew better than the control treatment. The effect of reagent cy of the new type SYAUP-770 pyrimidinamine compounds on mycelial morphology and ultrastructure with the existing fungicide Cyprodinil slightly different.SYAUP-770 can inhibit the germination of Botrytis cinerea spore germination, fewer; hyphal branching increases, mycelia atrophy, collapse and deformation; fluorescence microscopic test can confirm:.SYAUP-770 damage processing mycelium 3D biofilm bacteria and sporophyte after external material cell wall ultrastructure changes in cell wall structure was destroyed, cell vesicles seriously, but some cell mitochondria are clearly visible, and the increase of the number of mitochondria The ridge becomes larger. As can be inferred, on the one hand, the cell membrane damage, on the other hand, cell wall and cell wall outer material damage, reduce cell protection, accelerate cell death; vesicles of increased, all these accelerate the death of bacteria. 38 SYAUP-770 salt was synthesized in this experiment and has carried on the in vitro and in vivo activity. The compounds of three kinds of Botrytis cinerea in vitro activity is generally high, especially for CY-09 and HLD-15 two strains in the inhibition of 50 g/mL rate in 90% above, there are four active compounds on XM strains in more than 80%. In addition, the bactericidal activity of 38 compounds against Rice Sheath Blight and cucumber spot disease were also around 90%. In vivo of Cucumber in the pot experiment, all the compounds of Botrytis cinerea showed the control effect is higher than that of the control drug pyrimethanil and azoxystrobin cyclic amine, the The control effect of three fluoromethyl benzoate 18 and 2- methoxy benzoate 19 in the middle SYAUP-770 is higher than that of SYAUP-770.

【學位授予單位】：沈陽農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S481

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