本文關(guān)鍵詞：立枯絲核菌毒素對(duì)馬鈴薯幼苗細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)及抗性生理的影響　出處：《甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 馬鈴薯 立枯絲核菌毒素 膜傷害 細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu) 抗性生理

【摘要】：由立枯絲核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的馬鈴薯莖潰瘍病(黑痣病)已成為影響甘肅省馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的主要限制因子,嚴(yán)重影響馬鈴薯塊莖的產(chǎn)量和品質(zhì)。立枯絲核菌產(chǎn)生的毒素可能是其致病的關(guān)鍵因子,探明立枯絲核菌毒素在植株發(fā)病過(guò)程中的作用,對(duì)防治馬鈴薯莖潰瘍病具有重要意義。本研究通過(guò)水培試驗(yàn),采用透射電鏡等技術(shù),結(jié)合生理生化指標(biāo)的測(cè)定,研究立枯絲核菌毒素對(duì)馬鈴薯幼苗細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)及其抗性生理的影響,主要試驗(yàn)結(jié)果如下:1.立枯絲核菌毒素的作用位點(diǎn)不僅僅表現(xiàn)在質(zhì)膜上,而是作用于整個(gè)膜系統(tǒng);立枯絲核菌毒素可對(duì)線粒體、葉綠體、細(xì)胞核和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)等多個(gè)細(xì)胞器的結(jié)構(gòu)造成損失;不同器官對(duì)毒素處理的敏感程度不盡相同,這種破壞作用首先發(fā)生在根系細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞壁和質(zhì)膜上,其次是莖基部和葉片細(xì)胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞。與對(duì)照相比,經(jīng)立枯絲核菌毒素處理后,根系細(xì)胞在毒素處理48 h后即發(fā)生質(zhì)壁分離,且細(xì)胞壁出現(xiàn)變形、斷裂,細(xì)胞膜局部破損,核仁消失,線粒體嵴不見(jiàn),隨試驗(yàn)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),細(xì)胞核溶解;隨著毒素向地上器官的運(yùn)輸,莖基部細(xì)胞的顯微結(jié)構(gòu)也表現(xiàn)出細(xì)胞壁部分缺損,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)腫脹、變形,葉綠體片層結(jié)構(gòu)消失,在處理96 h后可觀察到細(xì)胞壁斷裂,細(xì)胞膜破損,線粒體嵴消失,淀粉粒數(shù)量減少;葉細(xì)胞則表現(xiàn)為葉綠體基粒片層結(jié)構(gòu)不規(guī)則、膜局部溶解,線粒體結(jié)構(gòu)變形,嵴消失。2.立枯絲核菌毒素可使細(xì)胞膜嚴(yán)重受損,膜透性增加,細(xì)胞內(nèi)電解質(zhì)外滲,導(dǎo)致質(zhì)外體汁液電導(dǎo)率增加;在一定時(shí)間范圍內(nèi),立枯絲核菌毒素也能夠活化細(xì)胞膜H~+-ATPase活性,而隨試驗(yàn)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),毒素可抑制細(xì)胞膜H~+-ATPase活性,而不同器官對(duì)毒素的敏感程度不同,根系最為敏感,其次為莖基部和葉片。3.立枯絲核菌毒素能顯著降低馬鈴薯幼苗葉片葉綠素的含量,且葉綠素b對(duì)立枯絲核菌毒素更加敏感,從而更容易降解。4.立枯絲核菌毒素可使馬鈴薯幼苗中儲(chǔ)藏的淀粉水解轉(zhuǎn)化為糖類(lèi),導(dǎo)致可溶性糖含量升高,而淀粉含量的的變化趨勢(shì)恰恰驗(yàn)證了可溶性糖的變化結(jié)果;隨試驗(yàn)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),達(dá)到峰值之后的可溶性糖含量下降,是由于植株體內(nèi)可溶性糖進(jìn)入糖酵解途徑參與合成了某些抗性物質(zhì),抵抗毒素的傷害作用。5.立枯絲核菌毒素可誘導(dǎo)寄主產(chǎn)生一些抗性功能蛋白,有助于提高植株的抗性。隨試驗(yàn)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),立枯絲核菌毒素破壞了蛋白代謝平衡,使大量可溶性蛋白被分解。然而,葉片中可溶性蛋白含量最高,然后是莖基部,根系中含量最低。6.立枯絲核菌毒素導(dǎo)致馬鈴薯幼苗根系、莖基部、葉片中游離脯氨酸含量均大幅增加,但不同器官之間游離脯氨酸含量不同,并且增加幅度各有差異。說(shuō)明立枯絲核菌毒素可引起馬鈴薯細(xì)胞內(nèi)游離脯氨酸含量的升高,對(duì)植物起到保護(hù)的作用。7.立枯絲核菌毒素可引起馬鈴薯幼苗根系、莖基部、葉片內(nèi)防御酶PAL活性改變,可激活幼苗體內(nèi)PAL活性,引起一系列防御反應(yīng),從而降低立枯絲核菌毒素對(duì)馬鈴薯幼苗的毒害作用。然而,馬鈴薯幼苗不同器官PAL活性變化幅度不盡相同,且達(dá)到酶活高峰的時(shí)間也不一致。
[Abstract]:By Rhizoctonia solani (Rhizoctonia solani) of potato stem canker caused (Rhizoctonia solani) has become a major limiting factor affecting the development of potato industry in Gansu Province, seriously affect the yield and quality of potato tubers produced. Rhizoctonia solani toxin may be the key factor for the disease, proven Rhizoctonia solani plant toxins in the pathogenesis of the role, is of great significance to the prevention and control of potato stem canker. This study by hydroponic experiment using transmission electron microscopy, combined with the determination of physiological and biochemical indexes of Rhizoctonia solani toxin effect on potato seedling cell structure and physiological resistance. The main results are as follows: 1. sites of action Rhizoctonia solani toxin not only in the plasma membrane, but on the whole membrane system; Rhizoctonia solani toxin on chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum and other organelles The structure damage; different organs is more sensitive to the toxin treatment is not the same, the damage occurs first in the cell wall of root cells and plasma membrane, followed by stem and leaf cell ultrastructure damage. Compared with the control, the toxin of Rhizoctonia solani treatment, root cell 48 h after plasmolysis in toxin, cell wall and cell membrane deformation, fracture, local damage, nucleolus and mitochondria cristae disappeared, with prolonging test time, the nucleus dissolved; with the toxin to the ground organs of transportation, the microstructure of stem cells also exhibit a defect in cell wall, endoplasmic reticulum swelling, deformation, disappearance of chloroplast grana lamellae, in the treatment of 96 h could be observed after cell wall rupture, cell membrane damage, mitochondrial cristae disappeared, the number of starch grains decreased; the leaf cells showed the chloroplast grana lamellae structure irregular membrane Partial dissolution, mitochondrial cristae structure deformation,.2. toxin of Rhizoctonia solani can cause serious injury of cell membrane, membrane permeability increased, cell electrolyte leakage, resulting in the increase of apoplastic SAP conductivity; within a certain time, Rhizoctonia solani toxin also can activate H~+-ATPase activity in cell membrane, and with the extension of the test time, the toxin could inhibit the activity of H~+-ATPase in the cell membrane, and the sensitivity of different organs of different toxins, root was the most sensitive, followed by stem and leaf.3. of Rhizoctonia solani toxin can significantly reduce the content of potato seedling leaf chlorophyll, chlorophyll b and Rhizoctonia solani toxin more sensitive thus, more prone to degradation of.4. toxin of Rhizoctonia solani can make the storage of potato seedlings in the hydrolysis of starch into sugar, resulting in increased soluble sugar content, but on the change trend of starch content verification of soluble sugar The change of results; with prolonging test time, soluble sugar content decreased after the peak, is due to plant soluble sugar into the glycolytic pathway involved in the synthesis of some resistant material, resist the damage effects of.5. toxin of Rhizoctonia solani toxin can induce the host to produce some resistance proteins and helps to improve the plant resistance. With prolonging test time, Rhizoctonia solani toxin destroys the balance of protein metabolism, so that a large number of soluble protein was resolved. However, the content of soluble protein in leaves were highest, and then the stem base, the root was the lowest in the.6. toxin of Rhizoctonia solani to potato seedling root, stem base, sharp the increase of free proline content in leaves, but the content of free proline in different organs, and the increase rate is different. Rhizoctonia solani toxin can cause potato intracellular free proline Increased acid content of plants, play a role in the protection of.7. toxin of Rhizoctonia solani can cause potato seedling root, stem base, changes of defense enzyme activity of leaf PAL, seedlings can activate PAL activity, cause a series of defensive reactions, thereby reducing the toxicity of toxin of Rhizoctonia solani on potato seedlings. However, changes of PAL activity in different organs of potato seedlings are not the same, and reached the peak of enzyme activity time is not consistent.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S435.32

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 黃鳳玲;張琳;李先德;蔡典雄;;中國(guó)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及對(duì)策[J];農(nóng)業(yè)展望;2017年01期

2 王宏康;;甘肅省馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀與對(duì)策[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2017年01期

3 楊雅倫;郭燕枝;孫君茂;;我國(guó)馬鈴薯產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及未來(lái)展望[J];中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科技導(dǎo)報(bào);2017年01期

4 張正禹;董文漢;包文靜;李成云;楊根華;;立枯絲核菌AG-1IA對(duì)水稻致病力及粗毒素活性的測(cè)定方法研究[J];植物病理學(xué)報(bào);2017年01期

5 張君;拓寧;邱慧珍;張文明;張春紅;劉星;朱靜;;立枯絲核菌對(duì)馬鈴薯的致病機(jī)理研究Ⅱ:病原菌毒素對(duì)幼苗活性氧代謝及細(xì)胞超微結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J];甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2016年04期

6 鄒圓;戈濤;王曉龍;陳學(xué)隨;陳瑤瑤;徐R，

本文編號(hào)：1357789