本文關(guān)鍵詞：規(guī)�；H場幾種主要疾病的研究　出處：《聊城大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

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【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)的分散養(yǎng)殖模式效益低下,造成了我國毛驢存欄量逐年降低,不能滿足急劇增長的阿膠生產(chǎn),驢肉和驢奶等行業(yè)發(fā)展的需要。為此,近幾年出現(xiàn)的規(guī)�；B(yǎng)驢業(yè)得到了迅速發(fā)展。有必要開展規(guī)�；H場常見疾病特別是傳染病的調(diào)查研究�；谀壳耙�(guī)�；H場中常見的傳染病,結(jié)合相關(guān)文獻資料制定了驢主要傳染病目錄(譜),為驢健康養(yǎng)殖提供參考。目錄包括多種動物共患傳染病、驢發(fā)生的傳染病和其它傳染病三類。以養(yǎng)殖場高發(fā)的流感、布病、沙門氏菌病等為例,對這些傳染病的病原特征、國內(nèi)外流行情況、發(fā)生特點和診斷防控技術(shù)進行了總結(jié)。根據(jù)有關(guān)資料和項目組的研究成果對這些傳染病的流行情況進行了初步的風險評估。對2015-2016年山東等地規(guī)模驢場的驢駒死亡(18.6%)、腹瀉(39.5%)、呼吸道疾病(支氣管炎、肺炎等,19.2%)、外科疾病(頸部、皮下膿腫、關(guān)節(jié)炎等,13.2%)、皮膚病(16例,9.6%)等常見疾病進行了統(tǒng)計學分析。使用自動細菌鑒定/藥敏分析儀對這些病例進行細菌學分離和鑒定,結(jié)合動物攻毒試驗、16sr DNA序列分析等方法,調(diào)查了不同病例中細菌性感染因素的發(fā)生比例。對分離的216株細菌分類表明,致病性大腸桿菌的比例最高,為30%,其次為肺炎鏈球菌(13%)和金黃色葡萄球菌(10%);鉛黃腸球菌、慢葡萄球菌、糞尿腸球菌和梅氏弧菌等條件性致病菌或醫(yī)源機會感染菌的分離率較高;分離到了報道較少的梅氏弧菌和洋蔥伯克霍爾德菌等病原菌,需要引起重視;發(fā)現(xiàn)致病性大腸桿菌在這些病例中特別是驢駒敗血癥和腹瀉病例中有較高的分離率,可能是引起驢駒死亡的主要病因。藥敏試驗表明這些病原菌具有較明顯的耐藥性,為養(yǎng)驢場細菌性疾病的預(yù)防與控制提供了重要的參考數(shù)據(jù)。未分離到沙門氏菌和獸疫鏈球菌。對13個規(guī)模驢場236份血液、鼻咽拭子和病料進行了檢測。使用RT-PCR方法,對流感病毒H3N8亞型進行了檢測,使用Real-Time PCR對EHV-1型/4型進行了檢測,使用膠體金、c ELISA方法對驢場布病、乙型腦炎進行了檢測;使用鑒別培養(yǎng)基對沙門氏菌屬進行了分離鑒定。檢測到了1份EHV-4陽性,但是其他病原體均為陰性。表明項目區(qū)驢場呈現(xiàn)良好的凈化無疫狀態(tài)。
[Abstract]:Low dispersion mode benefit traditional farming, caused by China's donkey breeding stock decreased year by year, can not meet the rapid growth of the gelatin production, development of donkey milk industry and flesh of a donkey. For this reason, the large-scale donkey industry has developed rapidly in recent years. It is necessary to carry out the investigation and study of the common diseases of the donkey field, especially the infectious diseases. Based on the current infectious diseases in the donkey field, the main infectious diseases catalogue (spectrum) of donkey was formulated in combination with relevant literature, which could provide reference for the health culture of donkey. The catalogue includes three kinds of animal co - infectious diseases, donkey's infectious diseases and other infectious diseases. To farm high incidence of influenza, brucellosis, Salmonella and other pathogens, for example, characteristics of these infectious disease epidemic situation at home and abroad, the characteristics and control techniques of diagnosis are summarized. A preliminary risk assessment of the prevalence of these infectious diseases was carried out on the basis of the relevant data and the results of the project group. 2015-2016 in Shandong, the scale of the donkey farm colt died (18.6%), diarrhea (39.5%), respiratory diseases (19.2% bronchitis, pneumonia, and surgical diseases (neck), subcutaneous abscess, arthritis, 13.2%), skin disease (16 cases, 9.6%) and other common diseases in statistical analysis. Bacteriological isolation and identification of these cases were carried out by automatic bacterial identification / drug sensitivity analyzer. The incidence of bacterial infection in different cases was investigated according to animal attack test and 16sr DNA sequence analysis. 216 strains of bacteria classification on the separation of pathogenic Escherichia coli showed that the highest proportion, 30%, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae (13%) and Staphylococcus aureus (10%); Enterococcus casseliflavus, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus and slow fecaluria Vibrio metschnikovii etc. opportunisticpathogen or nosocomial infection bacteria isolation rate would be higher isolated; less reported Vibrio metschnikovi and Burke Holder bacteria pathogen such as onions, need to pay attention to; find pathogenic Escherichia coli in these cases especially the separation rate is high and the colt septicemia diarrhea patients, may be the main cause of the death of a donkey. The drug sensitivity test showed that these pathogens had obvious resistance and provided important reference data for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in the donkey farm. Salmonella and Streptococcus Phytophthora were not isolated. 236 blood, nasopharyngeal swabs and diseases were detected in 13 scale donkey fields. Using the RT-PCR method, the influenza virus subtype H3N8 was detected using Real-Time PCR to detect EHV-1 /4 and C ELISA, using colloidal gold method to the detection of brucellosis, donkey field encephalitis; medium of Salmonella were isolated and identified using differential. 1 EHV-4 positive were detected, but all other pathogens were negative. It shows that the donkey field in the project area presents a good purification state.
【學位授予單位】：聊城大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S858.22

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