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  本文關鍵詞：硅介導的黃瓜對棉鈴蟲的間接防御　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 硅 黃瓜 棉鈴蟲 間接防御 分子機制

【摘要】：植物通過直接防御和間接防御來抵抗植食性昆蟲的脅迫,硅在植物抵抗植食性昆蟲的生物脅迫中扮演重要的角色。硅可以通過增強植株機械強度或組織耐磨性等來提高植物的直接防御,減輕害蟲為害。然而,學界對硅如何影響植物的間接防御的認識并不深入。近年來,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)硅肥可以促進天敵對作物害蟲的控制作用。關于硅增強植物間接防御機制的研究已開始得到學者們的關注。本研究以寄主植物-黃瓜Cucumis sativus、多食性植食性昆蟲-棉鈴蟲Helicoverpa armigera和寄生性天敵-中紅側溝繭蜂Microplitismediator三級營養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)為研究對象,利用加硅和不加硅的處理,系統(tǒng)研究了硅的添加對黃瓜受棉鈴蟲取食脅迫的反應以及對天敵趨性的影響。利用"Y"型嗅覺儀測定了加硅和不加硅的黃瓜植株被棉鈴蟲為害不同時間(1h、3h、6h和12h)后對中紅側溝繭蜂的引誘反應。應用氣質聯(lián)用儀測定比較加/不加硅健康黃瓜植株、加/不加硅棉鈴蟲為害不同時間(1h、3h、6h和12h)后黃瓜植株的揮發(fā)性物質。選取棉鈴蟲為害6h后和12h后的黃瓜植株進行轉錄組測序分析,探索了硅調節(jié)植物對蟲害防御的分子機制。主要結果如下:硅含量測定結果表明,添加硅之后,硅在黃瓜組織中的含量大小為:加硅的黃瓜葉片加硅的黃瓜莖干不加硅的黃瓜莖干,且不加硅的黃瓜葉片與加/不加硅的黃瓜莖干之間均沒差異,可見黃瓜葉片和莖干中均能顯著積累硅,且硅主要積累在黃瓜葉片中。加硅黃瓜葉片中的硅含量能夠達到233.33±16.67 mg/kg,是不加硅黃瓜葉片中硅含量(20.00±10.00mg/kg)的11.67倍,同時是加硅黃瓜莖干中硅含量(33.33±0.88mg/kg)的 7 倍。"Y"型嗅覺儀實驗結果表明,硅未處理下,與未被取食黃瓜植株相比,中紅側溝繭蜂趨向于被取食3h、6h和12h后的黃瓜植株;硅處理后,與未被取食黃瓜植株相比,中紅側溝繭蜂趨向被取食1h、3h、6h和12h后的黃瓜植株;在相同取食時間下,取食6h和12h后,中紅側溝繭蜂趨向硅處理的黃瓜植株。因此,硅能短時間內促進蟲害黃瓜植株對中紅側溝繭蜂的吸引,并且能夠增強棉鈴蟲為害6h后黃瓜植株對中紅側溝繭蜂對的吸引。GC-MS分析結果表明,黃瓜植株的揮發(fā)性物質主要包括醇類、萜烯類、酯類、酮類、醛類、酚類和烷烴等化合物。棉鈴蟲為害1h后,加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量高于不加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量,其中十二烷、2,6-二甲基十一烷、癸烷、3-甲基壬烷、十三烷和三十一烷等烷烴僅存在于加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物中,并且十四烷、十五烷、十六烷、十七烷和2,6,10,14-四甲基十五烷等烷烴在加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物中的含量顯著升高。而棉鈴蟲為害3h后,加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量與不加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量基本相等,其中對氯苯亞磺酸僅在加硅植株的揮發(fā)物中檢測到;十二烷在加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的含量顯著高于在不加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的含量;長葉烯在加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的含量顯著低于在不加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的含量。當棉鈴蟲為害6h后,加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量低于不加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量,其中乙醛、α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、甲基庚烯酮、右旋檸檬烯、桉油精和丁羥甲苯在加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的相對量顯著降低;1,4-桉葉素、2-甲基萘在加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的含量顯著提高。棉鈴蟲為害12h后,加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量又高于不加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物的總體含量,臭樟腦、對氯苯亞磺酸、4-十二酮、醋酸丁酯和多種烷烴在加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的含量顯著提高;4,7-二甲基十一烷在加硅植株揮發(fā)物中的含量顯著降低。棉鈴蟲為害1h、3h、6h和12h后的加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物與不加硅黃瓜植株揮發(fā)物相比,表現(xiàn)出總體含量升高、持平、降低和再升高的趨勢。轉錄組數(shù)據(jù)分析表明,硅參與調控黃瓜重要誘導防御基因的表達。與健康加硅黃瓜相比,棉鈴蟲為害不同時間的加硅黃瓜中,硅能夠調控茉莉酸信號途徑,并且可以調控萜類揮發(fā)物合成關鍵基因TPS的表達。硅通過調控黃瓜誘導揮發(fā)物合成相關基因的表達,進而調節(jié)黃瓜蟲害誘導揮發(fā)物的釋放。
[Abstract]:Plants resist the stress of phytophagous insects by direct defense and indirect defense. Silicon plays an important role in plant resistance to biologic stress of phytophagous insects. Silicon can improve plant's direct defense by enhancing plant mechanical strength or tissue wear resistance to reduce pest damage. However, the academic community is not deeply aware of how silicon affects the indirect defense of plants. In recent years, the study found that silicon fertilizer can promote the control effect of natural enemies of crop pests. The research on the indirect defense mechanism of silicon reinforced plants has been paid attention by scholars. In this study, the host plant cucumber Cucumis sativus, polyphagous herbivore and cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and parasitoid m.mediator - Microplitismediator three trophic system as the research object, by adding silicon and non silicon, silicon is added by cotton bollworm feeding stress reaction and the effect on natural enemies of cucumber were studied taxis. The attractant reaction of cucumber plants with silicon and without silicon on cotton bollworm at different time (1H, 3h, 6h and 12h) was detected by using the "Y" olfactory instrument. Application of GC-MS was used to compare with / without healthy cucumber plants, and silicon / silicon cotton bollworm in different time (1H, 3h, 6h and 12h) of volatile substances in Cucumber after. The transcriptional sequence analysis of cucumber plants after 6h and 12h was selected to explore the molecular mechanism of silicon regulating plant against insect pests. The main results are as follows: the results showed that addition of silicon content, silicon, the size of the content of silicon in Cucumber tissues was as follows: silicon and silicon in Cucumber Leaves of cucumber stem with silicon cucumber stem, leaf of cucumber and does not add silicon and silicon / no cucumber stem are not bad ISO, visible in cucumber leaves and stems significantly the accumulation of silicon, and silicon mainly accumulated in Cucumber leaves. Silicon content in the leaves of cucumber grown with silicon can reach 233.33 + 16.67 mg/kg, which is 11.67 times less than that of silicon cucumber leaves (20 + 10.00mg/kg), and is 7 times higher than that of silicon cucumber. The content of silicon is 33.33 times 0.88mg/kg. The experimental results of Y olfactometer showed that the untreated silicon, and have not been compared on cucumber plants, m.mediator cucumber plants tend to be 3h, 6h and 12h after feeding; silicon processing, and have not been compared on cucumber plants, m.mediator tends to be cucumber the plant, 3h, 6h and 1H on 12h; at the same time feeding, feeding on 6h and 12h, m.mediator trend of cucumber plant silicon processing. Therefore, silicon can promote the attraction of cucumber plants to the parasitoids in short time, and enhance the attraction of cucumber plants to 6h. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that the volatile compounds of cucumber plants mainly include alcohols, terpenes, esters, ketones, aldehydes, phenols and alkanes. The cotton bollworm damage after 1h, and silicon in cucumber plant volatiles is higher than the overall total content of volatile content without silicon in cucumber plant volatiles, including twelve alkanes, 2,6- two methyl eleven alkyl, 3-, methyl nonane, decane thirteen alkyl and thirty-one alkyl alkane exist only in silicon in cucumber plant volatiles, and fourteen alkyl fifteen, sixteen, seventeen alkyl alkyl, alkyl and 2,6,10,14- four methyl fifteen alkyl alkane in the volatile silicon content from cucumber plants increased significantly. The cotton bollworm 3h after adding silicon in cucumber plant volatiles and total content of volatile silicon in cucumber plant volatiles overall content is basically the same, the chlorobenzene sulfinic acid only in the volatile silicon plant was detected in twelve; in the content of volatile alkyl compounds and silicon plants is significantly higher than that in the absence of silicon plant volatile matter content of Longifolene content; in the volatile silicon plant volatiles were significantly lower than in silicon plant volatile matter content in. When the cotton bollworm 6h after adding silicon in cucumber plant volatiles is lower than the overall total content of volatile content without silicon in cucumber plant volatiles, including acetaldehyde, pinene, camphene, beta pinene, methyl heptenone, d-limonene, eucalyptol and butylated hydroxytoluene decreased significantly in the silicon plant the relative amount of volatile compounds; 1,4- cineole and 2- significantly increased the content of methyl naphthalene in the volatile silicon plant volatiles. The cotton bollworm damage after 12h, and silicon in cucumber plant volatiles and total content of volatile content is not higher than the overall silicon in cucumber plant volatiles, smelly camphor, chlorobenzene sulfinic acid, 4- twelve ketone, butyl acetate and alkanes increased significantly in content of volatile silicon plant volatiles; 4,7- two methyl eleven alkyl decreased significantly the content of volatiles in volatile silicon plant. The results showed that the concentrations of 1H, 3h, 6h and 12h in the cucumber plant volatiles increased with the increase of the total volatiles. The analysis of transcriptional data showed that silicon was involved in regulating the expression of important inducible defense genes in cucumber. Compared with healthy and silicon cucumber, silicon bolus can regulate jasmonic acid signaling pathway and regulate the expression of TPS, a key gene of terpenoid volatiles. Silicon can regulate the expression of related genes by regulating the volatiles induced by cucumber, and then regulate the release of the volatiles induced by cucumber insect pests.
【學位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S436.421

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