發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 01:27

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：龍巖煙區(qū)煙草病蟲(chóng)害種類(lèi)調(diào)查及防治對(duì)策研究　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 龍巖 煙草 病蟲(chóng)害 防治

【摘要】：煙草經(jīng)濟(jì)是農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)重要組成部分,福建省是煙草種植的大省,其中南平市、三明市和龍巖市為煙草主栽區(qū)。煙區(qū)煙草病蟲(chóng)害種類(lèi)和發(fā)生規(guī)律研究,對(duì)指導(dǎo)煙草病蟲(chóng)害防治有重要作用。2013～2015年進(jìn)行龍巖煙區(qū)的煙草病蟲(chóng)害種類(lèi)和發(fā)生規(guī)律調(diào)查及防治技術(shù)研究。鑒定了煙草侵染性病害15種,其中病毒病3種:煙草普通花葉病毒病(TMV)、煙草黃瓜花葉病毒病(CMV)、煙草馬鈴薯Y病毒病(PVY);細(xì)菌性病害3種:煙草青枯病、煙草空莖病、煙草野火病;真菌性病害9種:煙草赤星病、煙草炭疽病、煙草白粉病、煙草灰霉病、煙草煤污病、煙草根莖腐病、煙草鐮刀菌根腐病、煙草黑脛病、煙草斑點(diǎn)病。龍巖煙區(qū)常年危害嚴(yán)重的病害為煙草病毒病(TMV、CMV、PVY)、煙草青枯病、煙草赤星病。2013～2015年TMV、CMV發(fā)病率達(dá)到在4.91%～19.15%,發(fā)病指數(shù)在1.493～8.347,而PVY發(fā)病均為輕度發(fā)生,發(fā)病率在0.56%～1.43%,發(fā)病指數(shù)在 0.360～0.444。2013～2015年煙草青枯病發(fā)病率分別為13.30%、7.24%、2.08%,但呈逐年下降的趨勢(shì);而煙草空腔病發(fā)病率分別為1.23%、3.95%、1.27%,煙草野火病零星發(fā)生。2013～2015年赤星病發(fā)病率分別為10.34%、8.59%、6.40%,呈逐年降低趨勢(shì),這與移栽期逐年提前有一定的關(guān)系。記錄生理性病害11種(類(lèi)),其中藥害5種:二氯喹啉酸、草甘膦、乙草胺、氟節(jié)胺、二甲戊靈;氣候性病害或?yàn)?zāi)害6種:氣候斑點(diǎn)病、凍害、日灼、風(fēng)災(zāi)、水害、冰雹災(zāi)害。記錄蟲(chóng)害及軟體動(dòng)物種類(lèi)10種:煙蚜、小地老虎、煙青蟲(chóng)、稻綠蝽、斜紋夜蛾、蠐螬、螻蛄、煙粉虱、野蛞蝓、蝸牛。煙蚜、小地老虎、斜紋夜蛾為主要害蟲(chóng)。煙蚜不僅是取食葉片造成煙葉減產(chǎn),另外帶毒煙蚜在取食葉片的同時(shí)傳播了病毒病。2013年～2015年煙蚜有蟲(chóng)株率分別為25%、20.00%、9.47%,危害情況呈現(xiàn)逐年減輕的趨勢(shì)。煙青蟲(chóng)為危害煙葉的次要害蟲(chóng),有蟲(chóng)株率在2.22%-5.33%之間。斜紋夜蛾與小地老虎的危害程度較輕,有蟲(chóng)株率在0.06%以內(nèi)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:客土改沙結(jié)合增施有機(jī)肥,能提高煙株抗病性�？屯粮纳澈鬅熖锔o病害發(fā)病較輕,以客土改沙溶田后畝用200公斤的草原"純羊糞,"表現(xiàn)較明顯,根莖病發(fā)病率比對(duì)照降低3%;赤星病發(fā)病率比對(duì)照降低1.5%。2013～2015年推廣煙蚜繭蜂防治煙蚜技術(shù),平均防效達(dá)到70%,能有效控制蚜蟲(chóng)的為害。據(jù)調(diào)查煙田還存在蚜蟲(chóng)天敵:煙蚜繭蜂、草嶺、草間小黑蛛、三突花蛛等、食蚜蠅。因此,通過(guò)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)和生物技術(shù)控制煙草病蟲(chóng)害方面具有一定作用。
[Abstract]:The tobacco economy is an important part of the agricultural economy. Fujian province is a major province of tobacco planting, among which Nanping, Sanming City and Longyan are the main tobacco planting areas. The study on the species and regularity of tobacco pests and diseases in tobacco areas plays an important role in the prevention and control of tobacco diseases and pests. In the past 2013~2015 years, the species and regularity of tobacco diseases and insect pests in Longyan tobacco area were investigated and the prevention and control techniques were studied. The identification of 15 kinds of tobacco infectious diseases, including viral disease 3: tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), tobacco cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), potato virus Y (PVY); bacterial disease 3: tobacco bacterial wilt, tobacco stem pitting disease, Tobacco Wildfire Disease; fungal disease 9 A: Alternaria alternata, tobacco anthracnose, powdery mildew, Botrytis cinerea, tobacco tobacco tobacco tobacco Sooty Blotch, rhizome rot, Fusarium root rot of tobacco, tobacco, black shank of tobacco spot disease. Tobacco virus disease (TMV, CMV, PVY), tobacco bacterial wilt and tobacco brown spot are the most serious diseases in Longyan tobacco area. In the past 2013~2015 years, the incidence of TMV and CMV reached 4.91% to 19.15%, and the incidence index was 1.493 to 8.347, while the incidence of PVY was mild. The incidence rate was 0.56% to 1.43%, and the incidence index was 0.360 to 0.444. In recent 2013~2015 years, the incidence of tobacco bacterial wilt was 13.30%, 7.24% and 2.08%, but showed a decreasing trend. The incidence of tobacco cavity disease was 1.23%, 3.95% and 1.27%, respectively, and tobacco wildfire disease occurred sporadically. The incidence of red star disease in 2013~2015 years was 10.34%, 8.59% and 6.40% respectively, showing a decreasing trend year by year, which has a certain relationship with the advance of transplanting. Record the physiological disease 11 (class), of which 5 kinds of injury: two Quinclorac, glyphosate and acetochlor, flumetralin, two pendimethalin; climate diseases or disasters in 6 ways: weather fleck, frost damage, sunburn, storm, flood, hail disaster. Records of 10 species of pests and animal software: Myzus persicae, cutworm, tobacco budworm, Nezara viridula, Spodoptera litura, grubs, mole crickets, whitefly, wild slugs, snails. Myzus persicae, cutworm, Spodoptera litura as main pests. Not only is caused by tobacco leaf feeding tobacco production, also the poison in leaf feeding and Myzus persicae transmitted virus disease. From 2013 to 2015, the worm strain rate were 25%, 20%, 9.47%, damage showed trend of decrease year by year. The tobacco green insect is a minor pest that is harmful to the tobacco leaves, and the rate of the insect is between 2.22%-5.33%. The damage degree of the Spodoptera Spodoptera and the small tigers is less than that of 0.06%. Experimental results show that the modified sand soil with organic fertilizer, can improve the disease resistance of tobacco plant. Land reform after sand tobacco rhizome diseases pathogenesis, to land reform after the land with 200 acres of sand dissolved kg Grassland "pure sheep" is more obvious. The root disease incidence rate is 3% lower than the control; red star disease incidence rate decreased by 1.5% compared with the control. From 2013 to 2015 to promote a.gifuensis control aphid control effect reached 70%, on average, can effectively control the aphid infestation. According to the investigation of tobacco aphid enemies still exist: a.gifuensis, Tsaoling, E.graminicolum, three, syrphids flower spider. Therefore, it has a certain role to control tobacco diseases and insect pests through agricultural technology and biotechnology.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S435.72

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 林博雅;鐘X椙，

本文編號(hào)：1339690