本文關(guān)鍵詞：遮陰與光氮互作對玉簪品種生長影響及引種玉簪品種綜合評價　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 玉簪 遮陰 光氮互作 熵 層次分析法

【摘要】：玉簪屬(Hosta)植物為百合科(Liliaceae)多年生草本花卉,其品種豐富,形態(tài)獨具特色,具有觀賞期長、適應性強等特點,尤其是玉簪的耐陰性很強,是極好的林下綠化地被植物,具有很高的觀賞價值和園林應用價值。本研究以沈陽市植物園引進的玉簪屬植物為研究對象,觀察其在北方地區(qū)自然條件下的生長狀況,記錄其植物學特征,并結(jié)合熵AHP層次分析法,構(gòu)建景觀評價模型,從而篩選出適宜北方環(huán)境條件的優(yōu)良玉簪品種;根據(jù)實際生長狀況,挑選出'藍天使'(Hosta'Blue Angel')、'豪華冠'(Hosta'Grand Tiara')和'保羅的榮譽'(Hosta'Grand Tiara')3個玉簪品種,對其光合日變化進行試驗,探究其光合特性及光適應性。對3個玉簪品種進行不同遮陰(全光照、透光率50%、30%、10%)和氮素施用(2.5g、5g、7.5g/盆)處理,從形態(tài)特征、葉片光合特性等方面對其進行研究,了解遮陰和光氮互作對3種玉簪生長發(fā)育的影響,并分析找到3種玉簪的最適生長光照條件和氮素施用量,為玉簪屬植物的園林應用提供理論指導。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)結(jié)合熵AHP層次分析法將40種(品種)玉簪的觀賞價值分為4個等級:Ⅰ級(4.0),為觀賞價值極高的種類,計3種;Ⅱ級(3.5-4.0),為觀賞價值高的種類,計12種;Ⅲ級(3.0-3.5),為觀賞價值較高的種類,計16種;Ⅳ級(3.0),為觀賞價值一般的種類,計9種。(2)3種玉簪凈光合速率日均表現(xiàn)為雙峰曲線,其峰值分別出現(xiàn)在上午10:00和下午16:00,且第一峰顯著高于第二峰,14:00出現(xiàn)光合"午休"現(xiàn)象。蒸騰速率與氣孔導度日變化與凈光合速率日變化趨勢相同,胞間CO2濃度則呈相反趨勢。3種玉簪水分利用率在14:00達到全天最高值。相關(guān)性分析表明,3種玉簪凈光合速率與胞間C02濃度均有極其顯著負相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.01),凈光合速率與氣孔導度均成極其顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(p0.01),且凈光合速率與氣孔導度相關(guān)系數(shù)最高。'藍天使'光補償點與光飽和點差值最大,具有更大的光適應范圍,'保羅的榮譽'表觀量子效率達到0.053μmol·m-2·s-1,具有更好的光能利用率。(3)3種玉簪在遮陰處理下凈光合速率日變化均變?yōu)閱畏迩�,'藍天使'在50%光照條件下凈光合速率值達到最大,而'豪華冠'和'保羅的榮譽'在30%處理時凈光合速率最大。3種玉簪光補償點均小于20,均具有強耐陰性。遮陰條件下3種玉簪各形態(tài)指標均有增長,'藍天使'在50%光照條件下長勢最好,'豪華冠'和'保羅的榮譽'更適宜30%光照條件。隨遮陰程度上升,玉簪營養(yǎng)分配由地下部分轉(zhuǎn)移到地上部分生長發(fā)育,增大葉面積,提升光合能力。3種玉簪葉綠素含量隨光照強度減弱呈上升趨勢。'藍天使'和'保羅的榮譽'在30%光照條件下葉綠素含量最大,'豪華冠'則在10%處理最大。葉綠素a/b值則表現(xiàn)出相反趨勢,說明葉綠素b增長率大于葉綠素a,增強自身對藍紫光能力,且均小于2.3,說明3種玉簪均為較強耐陰品種。遮陰對3種玉簪熒光指標初始熒光值、最大熒光值和最大光化學量子效率無顯著影響,Fv/Fm有一定幅度上升,光轉(zhuǎn)化效率提升。(4)對3種玉簪進行2個光照和4個氮素處理發(fā)現(xiàn),3種玉簪在30%光照條件下,對氮素的利用能力較強,在50%高光條件下則需求降低。'藍天使'在50%光照和2.5g/盆,'豪華冠'和'保羅的榮譽'在30%光照和5g/盆處理時光合速率更高,有利于有機物積累,促進生長發(fā)育。
[Abstract]:Hosta (Hosta) plants of Liliaceae (Liliaceae) perennial herbaceous flowers, its rich variety, unique shape, with ornamental characteristics of long period and strong adaptability, especially the Hosta shade tolerance is very strong, is an excellent forest green plant, has high ornamental value and landscape value. In this study the introduction to the Shenyang botanical garden of Hosta Plants as the research object, observe the natural conditions in the northern region of the growth status, record their botanical characteristics, combined with the entropy analysis method of AHP, the construction of landscape evaluation model, so as to select the excellent Hosta Cultivars Suitable for Northern environmental conditions; according to the actual growth status, selection the 'Angel' (Hosta'Blue Angel'),' crown '(Hosta'Grand Tiara') and 'Paul' (Hosta'Grand Tiara') in honor of the 3 Hosta cultivars, diurnal changes of photosynthesis were tested to explore the characteristics of photosynthesis and light adaptation. Different shading on 3 Hosta cultivars (full light, light transmittance of 50%, 30%, 10%) and nitrogen fertilizer (2.5G, 5g, 7.5g/ basin), from the morphological characteristics, photosynthetic characteristics and other aspects of its research, understand the shading and interaction of light and nitrogen on the growth and development of 3 kinds of major impact analysis and found 3 Hosta the optimum growth light condition and nitrogen level, the theoretical guidance for the Hosta Plants Landscape Application provides. The main results are as follows: (1) combined with the analysis of hierarchy entropy AHP 40 (varieties) of Hosta ornamental value is divided into 4 grades: Grade I (4), for species with high ornamental value, 3; II (3.5-4.0), for the high value of ornamental species, 12 species; class III (3.0-3.5), for species with high ornamental value, 16; IV (3), for the types of ornamental value, 9. (2) 3 Hosta net photosynthetic rate for Shuangfeng daily performance curve, the peak appeared in the morning and afternoon 10:00 16:00, and the first peak was significantly higher than that of the second peaks of 14:00 appeared middaydepression phenomenon. The diurnal variation of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance was the same as that of net photosynthetic rate, but the concentration of intercellular CO2 was opposite. The 3 rate reached the highest value of 14:00 in the all day long water lily. The correlation analysis showed that 3 species of Hosta net photosynthetic rate and intercellular C02 concentration had extremely significant negative correlation (P0.01), net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance were extremely significant positive correlation (P0.01), and the net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the highest correlation coefficient. 'Angel' light compensation point and light saturation at the maximum value, with a greater range of light adaptation, "the honor of Paul 'apparent quantum efficiency can reach to 0.053 mol - m-2 - s-1, the utilization rate of the light energy is better. (3) changes of 3 kinds of Hosta in shading under the net photosynthetic rate was changed as a single peak curve, the 'Angel' in the 50% light conditions of net photosynthetic rate reaches the maximum value, and the 'crown' and 'Paul' in 30% when the honor of the highest net photosynthetic rate. 3 Hosta light compensation points were less than 20, with strong negative resistance. 3 the morphological index increased Hosta under shading condition, the 'Angel' in the 50% light conditions grew best, 'crown' and 'Paul' honor is more suitable for the 30% light conditions. With the increase of shading degree, Hosta nutrient allocation from underground part to the ground part growth, increased leaf area, enhance photosynthetic capacity. 3 types of Hosta chlorophyll content with light intensity decreased upward trend. 'Angel' and 'Paul' honor in 30% light conditions the maximum chlorophyll content, the 'luxury' crown in 10% maximum. The chlorophyll a/b value showed the opposite trend, B growth rate is greater than that of chlorophyll a chlorophyll, enhance their ability of blue violet, and less than 2.3, 3 are strong shade tolerant varieties of hosta. Shading on 3 types of Hosta fluorescence index initial fluorescence and maximum fluorescence value and the maximal photochemical quantum efficiency has no significant effect on Fv/Fm, rise to a certain extent, improve the efficiency of light conversion. (4) 3 2 Hosta light and 4 nitrogen treatments, 3 kinds of Hosta in 30% light conditions, the nitrogen utilization ability, reduce the demand in 50% high light conditions. 'Angel' in the 50% light and 2.5g/ basin, 'crown' and 'Paul' in honor of 30% light and 5g/ pot photosynthetic rate is higher, is conducive to the accumulation of organic matter, promote the growth and development.
【學位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S682.19

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