【摘要】：《土話指南》是一本松江府方言學(xué)習(xí)課本,1908年由上海土山灣慈母堂印刷出版。全書分為三章,分別為《應(yīng)對須知》、《官商吐屬》和《使令通話》,正文以對話形式展現(xiàn)。其中的松江府方言是100年前的上海話。本文以《土話指南》中的副詞為研究對象,將其分為:范圍副詞、時間副詞、程度副詞、情狀方式副詞、語氣副詞、否定副詞六類,并對每類副詞的定義與分類作了具體的闡釋。同時對全書的副詞作了定量統(tǒng)計與定性分析,其中包括語義、語法、語用、句法位置等方面的描寫。通過描寫分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)該書副詞呈現(xiàn)出豐富多樣化的特點,副詞的組合形式自由靈活,存在多組同義副詞,副詞的意義用法與現(xiàn)代漢語副詞同中有異。本文還對部分松江府方言特有的副詞作了個案探源分析,分析了它們在歷代語料中意義和用法,發(fā)現(xiàn)這些副詞的形成方式各異:有短語凝固成詞的,有同義副詞并列成詞的,有實詞虛化為副詞的;成詞內(nèi)因不同:句法位置改變、修飾成分?jǐn)U大、主觀化、與同義副詞競爭取勝等。另外,這些副詞形成的時間層次也各異,少量副詞來源于先秦時期的古漢語詞匯,但大多數(shù)副詞的出處只能追溯到元雜劇或明清吳語小說中。本文展現(xiàn)了《土話指南》時期松江府方言副詞的整體面貌,揭示了百年前的上海話與現(xiàn)代上海話的差異;同時通過探析部分方言特有副詞的來源演變,為上海話副詞的歷時來源及演變研究積累了材料、提供了依據(jù),對上海話副詞及漢語語法史研究具有重要意義。
[Abstract]:The vernacular Guide is a Songjiang dialect learning textbook, printed and published by Cimu Tang in Tushan Bay, Shanghai in 1908. The whole book is divided into three chapters, namely, "instructions for dealing with", "official and Business to speak" and "make the call". The main body is displayed in the form of dialogue. One of the Songjiang dialect is Shanghai dialect 100 years ago. In this paper, the adverbs in the Guide to vernacular are divided into six categories: scope adverbs, time adverbs, degree adverbs, modal adverbs, mood adverbs and negative adverbs. The definition and classification of each kind of adverbs are explained concretely. At the same time, the adverbs of the book are quantitatively statistically and qualitatively analyzed, including semantic, grammatical, pragmatic, syntactic position and so on. Through description and analysis, it is found that the adverbs in the book show rich and diverse characteristics, the combination form of adverbs is free and flexible, there are many groups of synonymous adverbs, and the meaning usage of adverbs is different from that of modern Chinese adverbs. This paper also makes a case study of some adverbs unique to Songjiang dialect, analyzes their meaning and usage in the corpus of the past dynasties, and finds that these adverbs are formed in different ways: some phrases solidify into words, and some synonymous adverbs juxtaposed into words. Where a real word is turned into an adverb; The internal causes of word formation are different: syntactic position change, modifier expansion, subjectivity, competition with synonymous adverbs, and so on. In addition, the time levels of these adverbs are also different. A small number of adverbs come from ancient Chinese words in the pre-Qin period, but the provenance of most adverbs can only be traced back to Yuan Zaju or Wu novels in Ming and Qing dynasties. This paper shows the overall appearance of the adverbs of Songjiang Fu dialect in the period of the Local dialect Guide, and reveals the difference between Shanghainese and modern Shanghainese a hundred years ago. At the same time, through the analysis of the origin and evolution of the unique adverbs in some dialects, it accumulates materials and provides the basis for the study of the diachronic origin and evolution of Shanghai adverbs, which is of great significance to the study of Shanghainese adverbs and the history of Chinese grammar.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H17

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