【摘要】：在今天文化遺產(chǎn)保護與管理已經(jīng)成為了世界性的課題,世界各國都有自身對于文化遺產(chǎn)管理及保護的方法措施。意大利作為世界文化遺產(chǎn)數(shù)目最多的國家之一,既非得自一朝一夕,更非得自某個人或某個團體。對于意大利,文化遺產(chǎn)保護實質(zhì)上上是一種全民的活動,一種深入人心的事業(yè),在無論個人還是政府那里都得到了高度重視。尤其在進入20世紀以來,意大利政府及社會各界充分意識到文化遺產(chǎn)的珍貴性、不可再生性及不可替代性,矢志于保護文化遺產(chǎn)的完整性與真實性。這種意識轉(zhuǎn)化為行動便是法律、文化宣傳、教育等方面措施的多管齊下,逐漸走出了一條優(yōu)化自身文化資源的、可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。二戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,意大利各級政府借著歷史文化遺產(chǎn)豐厚的優(yōu)勢,大力發(fā)展旅游觀光第三產(chǎn)業(yè),使之成為國家的支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)。意大利全境被聯(lián)合國教科文組織審定的世界文化遺產(chǎn)、世界自然遺產(chǎn)、世界文化景觀遺產(chǎn),在不到10年的時間里從9項增加到37項。意大利經(jīng)濟發(fā)展迅速的一條重要途徑便是重視保護本國文化遺產(chǎn),首先,政府制定并頒布明確的保護法律及措施,合理開發(fā)本國文化遺產(chǎn)資源,使之物盡其用;其次,在文化遺產(chǎn)管理中加入了商業(yè)模式,將文化遺產(chǎn)的發(fā)展融入社會經(jīng)濟體系中,最大程度地發(fā)揮出文化遺的價值,使其成為本國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的主要部分。用一保護、二發(fā)展的策略最終成功地探索出了既能保持歷史文化遺產(chǎn)原貌又能與社會經(jīng)濟可持續(xù)發(fā)展同步的“雙贏”模式。除意大利之外,世界許多其他國家也擁有大量的文化遺產(chǎn),但在有些國家中,文化遺產(chǎn)的保護與管理存在著很多不足和一系列問題,這會對該國的文化遺產(chǎn)造成巨大損失。單單依靠科技修復手段并不能徹底解決這樣的問題,必須要從國家政府層面的保護(法令,政策,資金)和管理(文化遺產(chǎn)的管理模式結(jié)構(gòu))以及公民文化遺產(chǎn)保護意識等方面出發(fā),才可以真正意義上改善這些問題。在此方面,意大利為我們提供了寶貴的經(jīng)驗和可資借鑒的成功案例。本文便著重對意大利文化遺產(chǎn)保護法律及管理模式進行研究,除介紹文化遺產(chǎn)組成外,梳理了意大利三個重要時期中文化遺產(chǎn)保護法律及相關(guān)措施,通過案例分析總結(jié)出了意大利文化遺產(chǎn)管理模式,進而對意大利文化遺產(chǎn)保護體系進行了分析探究,得出了在普遍意義上對于文化遺產(chǎn)保護和管理有益的啟示。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, the protection and management of cultural heritage has become a worldwide issue, and countries all over the world have their own methods and measures for the management and protection of cultural heritage. Italy, one of the world's largest countries of cultural heritage, has to come from a person or a group. For Italy, the preservation of cultural heritage is essentially a national activity, a cause deeply rooted in the hearts and minds of both individuals and governments. Especially since the 20th century, the Italian government and all walks of life are fully aware of the value of cultural heritage, can not be regenerated and irreplaceable, and are determined to protect the integrity and authenticity of cultural heritage. This kind of consciousness transforms into the action is the law, the cultural propaganda, the education and so on aspect measures multi-pronged, has gradually walked an optimized own cultural resources, the sustainable development road. After the end of World War II, the Italian governments at all levels took advantage of the rich advantages of historical and cultural heritage to vigorously develop tourism and tourism tertiary industry, making it a pillar industry of the country. The number of World Cultural Heritage, World Natural Heritage and World Cultural Landscape Heritage approved by UNESCO has increased from 9 to 37 in less than 10 years. An important way for the rapid economic development of Italy is to attach importance to the protection of the country's cultural heritage. First, the Government has formulated and promulgated clear laws and measures for the protection of the country's cultural heritage resources, so as to make the best use of the country's cultural heritage resources. In the management of cultural heritage, the business model is added, the development of cultural heritage is integrated into the social economic system, and the value of cultural heritage is brought into play to the maximum extent, making it the main part of the economic development of our country. With the strategy of "one protection" and "two development", the "win-win" mode, which can not only maintain the original appearance of historical and cultural heritage but also keep pace with the sustainable development of social economy, has been successfully explored. In addition to Italy, many other countries in the world also have a large number of cultural heritage, but in some countries, there are many deficiencies and a series of problems in the protection and management of cultural heritage, which will cause great losses to the cultural heritage of that country. Science and technology alone can't solve this problem completely. It has to be protected at the national government level (decrees, policies, Capital) and management (the structure of management mode of cultural heritage) as well as citizens' consciousness of cultural heritage protection can improve these problems in a real sense. In this regard, Italy has provided us with valuable experience and success stories. In addition to introducing the composition of cultural heritage, this paper focuses on the study of Italian cultural heritage protection law and management model, combing the Italian three important periods of cultural heritage protection laws and related measures. This paper summarizes the Italian cultural heritage management model through case analysis, and then analyzes and explores the Italian cultural heritage protection system, and draws useful enlightenment for the cultural heritage protection and management in the general sense.
【學位授予單位】：太原理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G154.6

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