本文選題：留日學生 + 留美學生　； 參考：《延邊大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近代留日、留美學生誕生于民族危亡之際,他們或帶有強烈的政治目的、或帶有單純的求學愿望,紛紛出國留學。歸國后活躍于清末民初的政治舞臺上,大多成為清末民初社會變革中的領(lǐng)軍人物。他們追求真理,探索新知,反映了近代中國政治思想文化遞進的特點和規(guī)律。1840年后,中國出現(xiàn)第一批比較完整意義上的留美學生。但由于中西學的沖突,統(tǒng)治者最終用權(quán)力捍衛(wèi)封建文化,中途撤回留美幼童。而留美熱潮始于《辛丑條約》后,美國以賠款資助中國學生留美學習,后清政府又專門成立清華學堂培養(yǎng)預備留美學生。留美學生以學習理工科為主,且學習成果碩果累累,歸國后大多成為中國科學事業(yè)崛起的領(lǐng)頭人。留美學生孫中山,給清末民初社會帶來了資產(chǎn)階級民主革命思潮和民生社會主義,還有留美特點濃厚的胡適的實驗主義等。留日運動則始于甲午戰(zhàn)爭后,當時迅速走上帝國主義道路的日本,成為清政府的效仿對象,中國掀起了 一股不小的留日熱潮。留日學生大部分學習文科,以法政、軍事為熱門專業(yè),這也是受國內(nèi)政治思想影響的結(jié)果。他們積極參加反清革命斗爭,創(chuàng)辦革命報刊,向國內(nèi)宣傳西方新思潮。如科學社會主義思潮、無政府主義思潮、國粹主義思潮等,都是以留日學生為載體,移植到中國。在清末民初風云涌動的社會中,留日、留美學生與他們帶來的社會思潮指導著各種各樣的社會改革方案,用資產(chǎn)階級民主主義改造中國,資產(chǎn)階級民主主義革命思潮和科學救國思潮先后指導辛亥革命和新文化運動,推翻封建君主制,使民主共和觀念深入人心。五四運動前后的科學社會主義成為中國的主導思潮,中國先進分子同留學生一起苦心探索,取得了新民主主義革命的勝利,并最終實現(xiàn)了從新民主主義革命向社會主義革命的轉(zhuǎn)變。留學生帶來的社會思潮雖然各具特色,但都圍繞著救亡圖存、振興中華、改造中國這一愛國主義旋律,促使中華民族走向新的覺醒。
[Abstract]:In modern times, the students of the United States were born in the national peril. They had a strong political purpose or a simple desire to study abroad. After returning to the political stage of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, most of them became the leading figures in the social changes of the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. They sought truth, explored new knowledge, and reflected modern China. After.1840 years, the first batch of Chinese students in the United States appeared in a relatively complete sense. However, due to the conflict between Chinese and Western learning, the rulers finally used the power to defend the feudal culture and withdrew the young children. The government also set up the Tsinghua School to train the students to stay in the United States. The students left the United States to study science and engineering, and the achievements were fruitful. After returning to the country, most of them became the leader of the rise of Chinese science. Sun Zhongshan, a student of the United States, brought the bourgeois revolutionary trend of thought and the socialism of the people's livelihood to the early Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. Hu Shi's experimentalism, which has a strong characteristic, began in Japan after the war of 1894. Japan, which took the road of imperialism quickly, became the object of the Qing government, and China set off an upsurge of staying in Japan. They actively participated in the anti Qing revolutionary struggle, founded the revolutionary press, and propagandize the new western trend of thought to the country. Such as the ideological trend of scientific socialism, the anarchism and the quintessence trend of thought were all transplanted to China by the Japanese students as the carrier. In the society which surged in the late Qing Dynasty and the early and early Republic of China, the students left the United States and the society they brought with them. The trend of thought directs all kinds of social reform programs, reforms China with bourgeois democracy, the bourgeois democratic revolution and the thought of saving the country successively directs the 1911 Revolution and the new cultural movement, overthrows the feudal monarchy and makes the Democratic Republic idea deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The scientific socialism before and after the 54 movement became China. In the leading trend of thought, Chinese advanced elements have been working hard with the students of foreign students to win the victory of the new democratic revolution and finally realize the transformation from the new democratic revolution to the socialist revolution. The social trend of thought brought by the foreign students has its own characteristics, but all of them revolve around the salvation of the country, the rejuvenation of China and the transformation of China's patriotism. The melody has prompted the Chinese nation to move towards a new awakening.
【學位授予單位】：延邊大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K25
，

本文編號：1963438