本文選題：北魏　切入點(diǎn)：九卿　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：秦漢以后,中古時(shí)期是我國古代史的重要組成部分,北魏王朝更是中古時(shí)期不可忽視的重要元素,北魏王朝的中央職官制度,上承秦漢三公九卿制度、下啟隋唐三省六部制度,是中國古代職官制度發(fā)展不可忽視的過渡時(shí)期。而九卿作為中央職官的重要組成部分,職權(quán)廣泛、位置重要,自秦漢以來就具有極其重要的地位。本文即從北魏時(shí)期的九卿入手,著重研究北魏時(shí)期的九卿官員群體,從而總結(jié)出北魏時(shí)期九卿制度的特點(diǎn),對(duì)其進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)論述。第一章簡述北魏九卿職官的設(shè)置與演變。本章根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記載,先對(duì)北魏時(shí)期九卿職官設(shè)置情況進(jìn)行溯源,北魏時(shí)期九卿職官設(shè)置繼承自秦漢魏晉時(shí)期,但隨著時(shí)間流逝,中央職官制度的演變,兩者九卿具體職官設(shè)置又有明顯的不同。并且,北魏時(shí)期作為秦漢魏晉和隋唐時(shí)期的過渡時(shí)段,中央職官制度正處于從秦漢魏晉的三公九卿制度向隋唐時(shí)期三省六部制度的轉(zhuǎn)變期,北魏九卿職官也隨之產(chǎn)生了相應(yīng)的演變:即九卿職官職能改變,職權(quán)縮減,被其他新增部門如尚書臺(tái)等侵奪。第二章考證北魏九卿職官的選任情況。首先,本章以統(tǒng)計(jì)資料為基礎(chǔ),從兩個(gè)方面對(duì)北魏九卿職官的選任進(jìn)行考察。一方面為九卿官員任職九卿前的情況,主要為任職地方為地方長官、任職中央為中央官員和其他情況三種。另一方面從北魏九卿官員的政治身份入手,主要有漢族士人、皇族、胡族勛貴、外戚、宦官等幾種身份。最后,在前兩節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)北魏九卿職官的職位要求進(jìn)行分析。通過對(duì)這三方面的考察,對(duì)北魏時(shí)期九卿官員的選任,有較為深入的了解。第三章分析北魏時(shí)期九卿官員的遷轉(zhuǎn)情況。北魏時(shí)期擔(dān)任九卿官職的官員群體,是由形形色色、性格各異的活生生的人組成,而不只是代表官職的符號(hào)。因此,在擔(dān)任九卿職官后,官員的遷轉(zhuǎn)情況也有所不同。在卸任九卿官員后,有的官員出鎮(zhèn)地方,成為地方長官,有的繼續(xù)留任中央,成為其他部門或者更高等級(jí)的中央實(shí)職官員,有的轉(zhuǎn)任武職,領(lǐng)兵出征。
[Abstract]:After the Qin and Han dynasties, the Middle Ancient period was an important part of the ancient history of our country, and the Northern Wei Dynasty was an important element that could not be ignored in the Middle Ancient period. The central official system of the Northern Wei Dynasty, which inherited the Qin and Han Dynasty's three public and nine Qing systems, and the following six systems of the three provinces in the Sui and Tang dynasties,It is a transitional period in which the development of the official system in ancient China can not be ignored.As an important part of the central government, Jiuqing has a very important position since the Qin and Han dynasties.This article starts with Jiuqing in the Northern Wei Dynasty, focuses on the group of Jiuqing officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty, sums up the characteristics of the Jiuqing system in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and focuses on its exposition.The first chapter briefly describes the establishment and evolution of the Northern Wei Dynasty Jiuqing official.According to the literature records, this chapter first traces the origin of the establishment of the Jiuqing official in the Northern Wei Dynasty, which inherited from the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties, but with the passage of time, the central official system evolved.There are obvious differences between them.Moreover, as the transitional period of Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Sui and Tang dynasties, the central official system is in the transition period from the three public and nine Qing systems of the Qin, Han, Wei and Jin dynasties to the three provinces and six departments in the Sui and Tang dynasties.The Northern Wei Jiuqing official also produced corresponding evolution: that is, the function of Jiuqing official changed, the power was reduced, and was invaded by other new departments such as Shangshu Taiwan.The second chapter examines the selection and appointment of nine officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty.First of all, based on statistics, this chapter investigates the election and appointment of Jiuqing officials in Northern Wei Dynasty from two aspects.On the one hand, there are three kinds of situations before the appointment of the nine-secretary officials, mainly the local officials, the central officials and other situations.On the other hand, starting with the political status of Jiuqing officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty, there are several kinds of status, such as Han scholars, royalty, Hu nationality Xungui, foreign relatives, eunuchs and so on.Finally, on the basis of the first two sections, the position requirements of the Northern Wei Dynasty were analyzed.Through the investigation of these three aspects, there is a deeper understanding of the election and appointment of Jiuqing officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty.The third chapter analyzes the transfer of Jiuqing officials in the Northern Wei Dynasty.In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the official group of Jiuqing officials was made up of all kinds of people with different characters, not just the symbols of the official posts.As a result, after serving as the official, the transfer of officials is also different.After stepping down, some officials left town to become local governors, some stayed in the central government and became real officials of other departments or higher levels of the central government, some of them transferred to military posts and led the troops to set out for duty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K239.21

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