本文選題：自己　切入點(diǎn)：漢語(yǔ)反身代詞　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：反身代詞的研究是語(yǔ)言學(xué)領(lǐng)域一個(gè)頗具爭(zhēng)議的話題。根據(jù)喬姆斯基的約束理論,照應(yīng)語(yǔ)必須在本管轄語(yǔ)域內(nèi)受到約束,但漢語(yǔ)反身代詞"自己"可以且經(jīng)�？缭狡渌诘墓茌犝Z(yǔ)域受到約束,這違背了約束理論的限制條件。許多語(yǔ)言學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一問題并對(duì)約束理論同漢語(yǔ)照應(yīng)語(yǔ)的適應(yīng)性展開了激烈的討論,他們從句法學(xué)、語(yǔ)用學(xué)、語(yǔ)義學(xué)等不同層面對(duì)"自己"的理解進(jìn)行了理論解釋和規(guī)則提煉,取得了豐碩的成果,先后提出了參數(shù)化分析法、邏輯移位說、新格賴斯語(yǔ)用學(xué)分析法等理論方法,但是這些理論在解釋"自己"的用法過程中均存在或多或少的缺陷。近年來(lái)越來(lái)越多研究者開始關(guān)注語(yǔ)義因素對(duì)"自己"的理解所產(chǎn)生的影響,他們發(fā)現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)義指向或者主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)會(huì)影響"自己"的理解結(jié)果,但現(xiàn)有的研究?jī)H限于理論討論階段,研究結(jié)果有待實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體驗(yàn)證,此外,除了動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ),句中還有其他語(yǔ)義成分如主語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞修飾語(yǔ)等,這些成分對(duì)"自己"的理解所產(chǎn)生的影響也有待考察。為了更加全面地考察語(yǔ)義因素對(duì)"自己"的理解所產(chǎn)生的影響,本研究從組合原則出發(fā),開展了一項(xiàng)心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)來(lái)驗(yàn)證動(dòng)詞、主語(yǔ)修飾語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞修飾語(yǔ)是否會(huì)影響自己的理解以及探究這三類語(yǔ)義成分是如何影響這一語(yǔ)言加工過程的。調(diào)查采用紙筆測(cè)驗(yàn)的方式,以自制測(cè)試卷為測(cè)試工具,選擇52名研究生來(lái)進(jìn)行72個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)句的先行詞判斷測(cè)驗(yàn),每個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)句均包含反身代詞"自己"和兩個(gè)候選先行詞,實(shí)驗(yàn)后采用卡方檢驗(yàn)的方式進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。測(cè)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了語(yǔ)義成分確實(shí)會(huì)影響"自己"的理解,而且語(yǔ)義指向不同的成分對(duì)"自己"的理解結(jié)果影響也不同。外指向動(dòng)詞通常引導(dǎo)"自己"指向距其較遠(yuǎn)的先行詞,內(nèi)指向動(dòng)詞則引導(dǎo)"自己"指向距其較近的先行詞,多指向動(dòng)詞通常引導(dǎo)"自己"指向距其較遠(yuǎn)的先行詞;外指向形容詞通常引導(dǎo)"自己"指向距其較遠(yuǎn)的先行詞,內(nèi)指向形容詞和多指向形容詞不能引導(dǎo)"自己"選擇唯一一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)作為其先行語(yǔ);外指向副詞通常引導(dǎo)"自己"指向距其較遠(yuǎn)的先行詞,內(nèi)指向副詞則引導(dǎo)"自己"指向距其較近的先行詞,多指向副詞不能引導(dǎo)"自己"選擇唯一一個(gè)名詞短語(yǔ)作為其先行語(yǔ)。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)證明了句法操作不是語(yǔ)言加工的唯一決定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),語(yǔ)義操作同樣會(huì)影響語(yǔ)言加工并且反作用于傳統(tǒng)句法操作。此外,句法結(jié)構(gòu)與語(yǔ)義影響強(qiáng)度會(huì)影響語(yǔ)義成分對(duì)"自己"的理解所產(chǎn)生的作用。
[Abstract]:The study of reflexive pronouns is a controversial topic in the field of linguistics. According to Chomsky's constraint theory, anaphora must be restricted in this jurisdiction. However, the Chinese reflexive pronoun "oneself" can and is often restricted across its jurisdiction register. Many linguists have discovered this problem and launched a heated discussion on the adaptability of constraint theory to Chinese anaphora. Semantics and other different levels of understanding of "oneself" have been theoretical interpretation and rule refining, and have achieved fruitful results, have put forward the parameterized analysis method, logical shift theory, new Grice pragmatic analysis and other theoretical methods. In recent years, more and more researchers have begun to pay more and more attention to the influence of semantic factors on the understanding of "oneself". They found that the semantic direction of the verb or the nature of the subject will affect the understanding of "oneself", but the existing research is limited to the stage of theoretical discussion, and the results of the study need to be verified by experiments, in addition to verbs and subjects. There are other semantic elements in the sentence, such as subject modifier, verb modifier and so on. The influence of these elements on the understanding of "oneself" also needs to be examined. Based on the principle of combination, this study conducted a psycholinguistic experiment to verify verbs. Whether the subject modifier and the verb modifier affect their understanding and how the three semantic components affect the processing of the language. Fifty-two graduate students were selected to test the antecedents of 72 experimental sentences. Each sentence contained the reflexive pronoun "oneself" and two candidate antecedents. After the experiment, chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Moreover, different elements of semantic pointing have different effects on the understanding of "oneself". External directional verbs usually guide "oneself" to the antecedents farther away from them, while internal pointing verbs lead to "oneself" pointing to antecedents closer to them. A multi-directional verb usually leads "oneself" to a antecedent farther away from it, and an external pointing adjective usually directs "oneself" to a distant antecedent. Internal and multi-directional adjectives cannot lead "oneself" to choose only one noun phrase as its antecedent, while external adverbs usually lead to "oneself" pointing to antecedents which are far away from them. The inner pointing adverbs lead "oneself" to the antecedents that are closer to them. Multi-point adverbs cannot lead "oneself" to choose only one noun phrase as its antecedent. These findings prove that syntactic manipulation is not the only criterion for language processing. Semantic manipulation also affects language processing and counteracts to traditional syntactic manipulation. In addition, syntactic structure and semantic influence intensity will affect the effect of semantic components on the understanding of "oneself".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：H146.2

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