本文選題：漢江流域　切入點(diǎn)：六朝　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：六朝時(shí)期的磚室墓十分流行,墓磚作為砌筑墓室的必要材料,廣泛出土于這個(gè)時(shí)期的墓葬之中,附著于墓磚上的各種紋飾就進(jìn)入了人們的研究視野。就漢江流域六朝時(shí)期的墓磚紋飾而言,前輩學(xué)者已有研究,然而稍顯不足的是,這些研究成果往往局限于漢江流域部分區(qū)域的某一墓葬或是某些墓葬的墓磚紋飾,并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)性和綜合性的研究成果。近些年來(lái),在漢江流域已經(jīng)考古發(fā)掘了不少六朝時(shí)期的墓葬,大量墓磚紋飾材料的積累使得綜合研究成為可能。本文將對(duì)收集到的這些墓磚紋飾進(jìn)行解構(gòu),做出分類和分期研究,旨在探索漢江流域六朝墓磚紋飾背后隱藏的歷史信息和社會(huì)背景。本文還就考古簡(jiǎn)報(bào)中,對(duì)原有部分墓磚銘文的釋讀,提出了新的看法。論文正文分為五個(gè)部分:第一部分:緒論。介紹本文的選題目的和意義、研究?jī)?nèi)容與方法,從空間和時(shí)間角度界定了所要研究的對(duì)象,總結(jié)學(xué)者對(duì)漢江流域六朝墓磚紋飾已有的研究成果。第二部分:六朝墓磚出土資料概況。梳理收集到的漢江流域六朝墓葬材料。漢江上游地區(qū)六朝墓葬共11座,大型墓7座,中小型墓4座,時(shí)代為西晉至南朝梁;漢江中游地區(qū)六朝墓葬共46座,大型墓4座,中小型墓42座,時(shí)代為西晉至南朝梁·,漢江下游地區(qū)六朝墓葬52共座,大型墓26座,中小型墓26座,時(shí)代為孫吳至南朝梁。共計(jì)109座墓葬。并對(duì)墓葬的形制規(guī)模、墓磚紋飾的種類進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)要介紹。第三部分:六朝墓磚紋飾分類及分期研究。對(duì)墓葬所見(jiàn)的紋飾深度解構(gòu),依據(jù)各類紋飾的性質(zhì)特征,將其分為幾何紋飾、佛教紋飾、仙道紋飾、人物故事紋飾、其他紋飾和銘文六大類,同時(shí)進(jìn)行分期研究,可分為四期:第一期孫吳西晉時(shí)期、第二期東晉時(shí)期、第三期南朝早期、第四期南朝晚期。研究發(fā)現(xiàn):孫吳西晉時(shí)期的墓磚紋飾,以各類幾何紋飾為主,除了某種幾何紋單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)外,還多以兩到三種幾何紋互相組合的形式出現(xiàn)。東晉時(shí)期,波折紋、重圈紋作為墓磚紋飾開(kāi)始出現(xiàn),大部分幾何紋仍然使用。從南朝早期開(kāi)始,蓮花紋、忍冬紋和魚紋開(kāi)始興起,但仍舊使用幾何紋。從南朝晚期開(kāi)始,使用幾何紋文的種類減少,魚紋不見(jiàn),佛教紋飾和人物故事紋飾開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)并流行開(kāi)來(lái),仙道紋飾中的四神紋較早見(jiàn)于孫吳時(shí)期,至南朝晚期則十分流行,而且形式也更加豐富。錢紋貫穿了漢江流域整個(gè)六朝時(shí)期,并常常與各種幾何紋組合出現(xiàn),或是與蓮花紋和忍冬紋相結(jié)合,只是有是否具備四出線及四出線是否伸出錢廓的細(xì)微差別。就墓磚磚銘內(nèi)容來(lái)看,指示說(shuō)明類銘文見(jiàn)于孫吳西晉時(shí)期和南朝晚期,但其余四類銘文的時(shí)代變化特征不明顯。第四部分:六朝墓磚紋飾的文化內(nèi)涵和時(shí)代背景。利用史料,簡(jiǎn)要分析六朝時(shí)期各個(gè)政權(quán)在漢江流域的統(tǒng)治情況,孫吳僅有漢江下游地區(qū),東晉、劉宋、蕭齊和蕭梁擁有的全部地區(qū),陳朝又縮減到漢江下游地區(qū),解釋了孫吳和陳朝的墓葬在漢江流域發(fā)現(xiàn)較少的原因。漢江流域?qū)O吳、東晉的墓磚紋飾差異不大的原因是受到漢魏以來(lái)薄葬風(fēng)氣的影響。南朝時(shí)期,由于全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)佛教的興起,使得漢江流域此時(shí)的墓磚紋飾風(fēng)格大為轉(zhuǎn)變。因而,造成這個(gè)時(shí)期墓磚紋飾改變的主要原因是宗教因素的影響。特別是蕭梁時(shí)期,以梁武帝為首的上層社會(huì)對(duì)佛教的信奉崇拜,擴(kuò)大了佛教的社會(huì)影響力。這個(gè)時(shí)期墓磚上的佛教紋飾急劇增加。除佛教因素紋飾在墓磚上出現(xiàn)之外,道教、儒教因素紋飾也有見(jiàn)到,三教互相融通,佛教占據(jù)主流,反映出六朝時(shí)期的文化包容性和思想開(kāi)放性。漢江流域六朝墓磚紋飾呈現(xiàn)出區(qū)域內(nèi)部的差異。漢江流域六朝墓磚紋飾在繼承漢代的基礎(chǔ)之上,有所創(chuàng)新和發(fā)展,繼而影響到這一地區(qū)隋唐時(shí)期的墓磚紋飾。第五部分:結(jié)語(yǔ)。對(duì)前面的章節(jié)概況性總結(jié),就漢江流域六朝墓磚紋飾研究情況得出六點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí),并談到了本文的不足之處�？傊�,本文通過(guò)對(duì)漢江流域六朝墓磚紋飾的綜合研究,從時(shí)代背景和文化內(nèi)涵兩方面闡釋了墓磚紋飾發(fā)生變化的原因,這有助于深化我們對(duì)漢江流域六朝時(shí)期社會(huì)歷史風(fēng)貌的認(rèn)識(shí)。
[Abstract]:The Six Dynasties brick tomb tomb brick is very popular, as a necessary material masonry tomb, unearthed in the period of extensive burials, all decorations attached to the tomb brick on the research into the people's vision. On the Hanjiang River Basin during the period of Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration, researchers these predecessors, but slightly less is a grave these studies are limited in the Hanjiang River Basin in some areas or some tomb brick ornamentation, and no systematic and comprehensive research achievements. In recent years, in the Hanjiang River Basin has a lot of archaeological excavations in the Six Dynasties tomb, a tomb brick decoration materials because of the accumulation of comprehensive research possible. This paper will be to collect these tomb brick decoration deconstruction, make classification and staging research, aimed at exploring the Hanjiang River Basin behind the Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration hidden information and social history King. This paper also archaeological presentation, interpretation of the original part of the brick tomb inscriptions, proposed a new view. The thesis is divided into five parts: the first part: introduction. Introduces the purpose and significance of this topic, the research contents and methods, from the perspective of space and time is defined to be the object of the research. Summary of scholars in the Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick ornamentation of the existing research results. The second part: the Six Dynasties tomb unearthed materials of Hanjiang River Basin. Brick six tombs combing materials collected in the upper reaches of Hanjiang River. The tombs of Six Dynasties were 11 cities, 7 large tombs, tomb 4 times in small, into the Western Jin Dynasty to the southern Liang in the middle reaches of Hanjiang River; a total of 46 large six tombs, tomb 4 seat, 42 seat in the small tomb, the era into the Western Jin Dynasty to the southern Liang, middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River six tombs 52 seat, 26 seat in the large tomb, tomb 26 times as small, Sun Wu to southern Liang. A total of 109 tombs and burial. The scale, type of tomb brick decoration are briefly introduced. The third part: and stage of the Six Dynasties tomb brick ornamentation. The depth of ornamentation of the tombs of the deconstruction, based on the nature of all kinds of decorative features, which can be divided into geometric patterns, Buddhist patterns, mystical character story decoration, decoration, decoration and other inscriptions in six categories at the same time, staging, can be divided into four phases: the first phase of the second period of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Eastern Jin Dynasty, third dynasties and early fourth, the late period of the Southern Dynasties. The study found that: the Western Jin Dynasty tomb brick decoration, with various geometric patterns, in addition to some geometric patterns appearing alone, also appeared in the two to three kinds of geometric patterns combined to form. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, twists and turns of lines, circles as the tomb brick decoration lines began to appear, most still use the geometric pattern. Beginning from the early Lotus, honeysuckle pattern and fish lines began to rise, but still The use of geometric patterns. From the beginning of the period, reduce the use of different geometric patterns, the fish can not see, the Buddhist ornamentation and the character story decoration began to appear and spread, Sendoh decoration of the four gods lines earlier in the Sun Wu period to the late is very popular, but also in the form of more abundant money lines throughout the Hanjiang River Basin. The Six Dynasties, and often appear with various geometric patterns, or combined with lotus and honeysuckle pattern, only have four line and four line is out of money. The nuances of profile brick tomb inscription content, the instructions found in the Western Jin Dynasty and the late Sun Wu, but the changes of the times the characteristics of the remaining four found is not obvious. The fourth part: the Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration culture connotation and the background. The use of historical data, a brief analysis of various dynasties regime in the Hanjiang River Basin, Sun Wu In the lower reaches of Hanjiang River, only the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Liu Song, Xiao Qi and Liang area all have, Chen Chao and cut to the middle and lower reaches of Hanjiang River, explained Sun Wu and Chen Dynasty tombs found fewer reasons in the Hanjiang River Basin. The Hanjiang River Sun Wu, little difference of the Eastern Jin Dynasty tomb brick decoration was of funeral custom by the Han and Wei dynasties. The Southern Dynasties period, due to the rise of national scope of Buddhism, making the tomb of Hanjiang River style changed considerably. Therefore, the main cause of the period of the tomb brick decoration is a change in the influence of religious factors. Especially in the Liang Dynasty Liang period, led by the upper class of Buddhist belief in worship and expand the social influence of Buddhism. During this period muzhuan on Buddhist patterns increased dramatically. In addition to the Buddhist factors of ornamentation in the tomb brick appears on the outside, Taoism, Confucianism has seen three factors of ornamentation, mutual accommodation, Buddha Teach the mainstream, reflects the culture of the Six Dynasties period of inclusiveness and openness. The thought of Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration showing a difference within the region. The Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration on the Han Dynasty on the basis of inheritance, innovation and development, and then affect the region during the Sui and Tang tomb brick decoration. The fifth part: the conclusion of the previous chapters. A general summary, on the Hanjiang River Basin Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration research obtains six point understanding, and talked about the shortcomings of this paper. In conclusion, through the comprehensive study of Hanjiang River Basin in the Six Dynasties tomb brick decoration, from the two aspects of historical background and cultural connotation to explain changes in the tomb brick decoration and this will help deepen our understanding of social history of Hanjiang River Basin during the period of Six Dynasties.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：K878

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