發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 15:10

【摘要】：目的:沉香主要來(lái)源于瑞香科沉香屬(Aquzlaria)和擬沉香屬(Gyrinops)含有樹(shù)脂的木材,主要分布于我國(guó)廣東,海南,廣西等地及印尼、越南、柬埔寨、馬來(lái)西亞等東南亞國(guó)家。沉香分為進(jìn)口沉香和國(guó)產(chǎn)沉香兩種,國(guó)產(chǎn)沉香基原植物為沉香屬Aquilari a sinensis,而進(jìn) 口沉香基源植物多為沉香屬 Aquilaria malaccensi、Aquilaria crassna。沉香品質(zhì)好壞跟種源、結(jié)香方式等密切相關(guān),現(xiàn)代分子鑒定技術(shù)雖然能夠鑒別出沉香基原,但對(duì)同一來(lái)源不同結(jié)香方式的樣品的區(qū)分尚未有有效方法。特定的種源和特定的結(jié)香方式會(huì)產(chǎn)生特定的化學(xué)成分,因此通過(guò)分析沉香內(nèi)在化學(xué)成分的差異可能是沉香種源鑒別、質(zhì)量控制、品質(zhì)分類的一條很好的途徑。目前尚未不清楚不同類型沉香間有存在哪些差異,也尚未建立篩選識(shí)別這些差異成分的方法,因此本文擬結(jié)合沉香內(nèi)在成分的特點(diǎn),利用現(xiàn)代先進(jìn)分析儀器和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法,采用GCMS和LCMS結(jié)合多元統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì)和單維分析方法對(duì)沉香成分進(jìn)行全面系統(tǒng)分析,輔以主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘判別分析(OPLS-DA)等統(tǒng)計(jì)方法,找出不同沉香組間的差異成分,同時(shí)對(duì)不同類型的沉香成分進(jìn)行分類比較和聚類分析,為沉香快速鑒別、質(zhì)量控制和品質(zhì)分類提供參考和依據(jù)。方法:(1)按2015版中國(guó)藥典一部沉香鑒別項(xiàng)下相關(guān)要求測(cè)定樣品醇浸出物的含量,采用HPLC法(色譜柱Altima C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流動(dòng)相為乙腈(A)-0.1%甲酸水(B),梯度洗脫,流速0.7 mL·min-1,檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)252 nm,柱溫30℃)測(cè)定樣品中的沉香四醇含量,結(jié)合醇浸出物和沉香四醇含量結(jié)果初步分析探討不同類型沉香間的差異。(2)采用GCMS聯(lián)用儀(HP-5彈性石英毛細(xì)管柱(0.25 mm×30 m,0.25 μm),載氣為高純氦氣,流速為1.0 mL.in-1,不分流,進(jìn)樣量為5 μl,進(jìn)樣口溫度250℃,傳輸線溫度280℃,起始溫度90℃,保持3 min,然后以10 ℃.min-1升至180℃,然后以3 ℃·mir-1升至280℃,保持10 min,然后以5℃.min-1升至300℃,保持8 min。EI電離70 eV,離子源溫度為230℃,四級(jí)桿溫度150℃,掃描方式為全掃描,掃描范圍m/z為50-550)分析測(cè)定樣品中的化學(xué)成分,采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)NIST14和保留指數(shù)對(duì)沉香揮發(fā)油進(jìn)行定性鑒別,將經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)處理的數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)入Simca-P軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,分析不同類型沉香間的差異,找出其差異標(biāo)志物,同時(shí)對(duì)沉香特征性成分進(jìn)行歸納分類比較,分析內(nèi)在質(zhì)量差異的原因。(3)采用 LC-QTOFMS 聯(lián)用儀(InetrSustainSwift C18 色譜柱(2.1×150 mm,1.9μn);流速:0.3ml/min;柱溫:40℃;流動(dòng)相:乙腈(A):0.1%甲酸水溶液(B)梯度洗脫(0-3min,10%A;3-8min,10%-30%A;8-25min,30%-50%A;25-32min,50%-100%A,32-35min,100%A);進(jìn)樣量:10μL;ESI離子源,正離子模式,一級(jí)質(zhì)譜(m/z 100～2000,DP100,CE 10,采集時(shí)間:0.2s),二級(jí)質(zhì)譜(m/z 50～2000,DP100,CE 45,采集時(shí)間:0.01s)分析測(cè)定樣品中的化學(xué)成分,對(duì)采集數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理后導(dǎo)入Simca-P軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理分析,分析不同類型沉香間的差異,找出其差異標(biāo)志物,同時(shí)對(duì)沉香特征性成分進(jìn)行歸納分類比較,分析內(nèi)在質(zhì)量差異的原因。結(jié)果:(1)52份沉香樣品中沉香四醇含量為0.10-6.60%,醇浸出物含量為6.07-57.06%,沉香醇浸出物與結(jié)香方式、種源無(wú)相關(guān)性,沉香四醇含量高低與種源、結(jié)香方式有一定的相關(guān)性(A.sinensis人工和天然沉香的沉香四醇平均含量分別為0.67%、0.15%,兩者比較有顯著差異,天然沉香中種源為A.malaccensis與A.crasna中沉香四醇平均含量分別為2.57%、0.70%,兩者有差異,且與A.sinensis(0.15%)有顯著差異)。(2)基于GCMS聯(lián)用技術(shù)經(jīng)過(guò)多元統(tǒng)計(jì)和單維統(tǒng)計(jì)分析篩選出不同種源和結(jié)香方式沉香的差異標(biāo)志物共19個(gè),分別為5個(gè)2-2-苯乙基色酮類成分、5個(gè)倍半萜類和其他類。通過(guò)OPLS-DA分析,A.sinensi 人工結(jié)香和天然沉香樣品有13個(gè)差異標(biāo)志成分為色酮類、倍半萜類、烷烴類,其中2-(2-苯乙基)色酮、6,7-二甲氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮、5,8-Dihydroxy-4a-methyl-4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-decahydro-2(3H)-phenanthreno ne(isomer 1)、三十一烷(isomer 3)4個(gè)成分在兩組間具有顯著差異;A.crassna人工結(jié)香和天然結(jié)香樣品中的差異成分為2個(gè)倍半萜類成分;同時(shí)兩種不同種源人工結(jié)香沉香(A.sinensis和A.crassna人工結(jié)香沉香)的差異標(biāo)志物有2個(gè),其中5,8-Dihydroxy-4a-methyl-4,4a,4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-decahydro-2(3H)-phenanthrenone(isomer1)在兩組間具有顯著差異;通過(guò)對(duì)三個(gè)種源天然沉香對(duì)比分析,A.sinensi 沉香與A.c rassna沉香和A.malaccensis沉香的均有7個(gè)差異標(biāo)志物,它們中具有顯著差異的標(biāo)志性成分均為三十一烷(isomer 3),而其他組間并未發(fā)現(xiàn)具有顯著差異的成分。對(duì)52個(gè)沉香樣品中烷烴類、倍半萜和2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分峰面積進(jìn)行歸納分類并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,結(jié)果表明天然沉香中倍半萜含量較高多為A.crassna、A.mal accensis沉香,同時(shí)2-(2-苯乙基)色酮含量較高的也同樣為A.crassna A.malaccen sis沉香,而烷烴類較高的則主要A.sinensis天然沉香;對(duì)各組間不同類型成分的總峰面積比較分析表明在A.sinensi 沉香中人工和天然結(jié)香樣品中在烷烴類成分無(wú)顯著差異,而倍半萜和2-(2-苯乙基)色酮均存在差異,且人工結(jié)香沉香均高于天然沉香;A.crassn 沉香中人工和天然沉香間則顯示各類成分并無(wú)顯著差異;從兩組人工沉香(A.sinensis和A.crassna)樣品比較分析,各類成分并無(wú)顯著差異;三種天然沉香對(duì)比分析,其中A.sinensis天然沉香與A.malaccensis天然沉香在烷烴類和倍半萜類均存在差異,而A.sinensis天然沉香與A.c crassna天然沉香僅在烷烴類成分存在差異,其他組別和成分間并無(wú)顯著差異。聚類分類顯示人工沉香多能聚為一類,多數(shù)天然沉香也能夠聚為一類。(3)基于LCMS聯(lián)用儀對(duì)不同組別沉香樣品進(jìn)行多元統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)和單維統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,找出123個(gè)差異標(biāo)志物,通過(guò)一級(jí)和二級(jí)質(zhì)譜結(jié)合已有文獻(xiàn),鑒別出62個(gè)化合物,其中23個(gè)為潛在新化合物。對(duì)同一種源人工沉香和天然沉香的比較分析,在A.sinensis沉香中發(fā)現(xiàn)45個(gè)差異物,15個(gè)具有顯著差異,而其中6個(gè)成分(2-(2-苯乙基)色酮、7-羥基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮、6-甲氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮(isomer 2)、6,8-二輕基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮(isomer 1)、6-甲氧基-2-[2-(4'-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮、dehydroxy AH21)是A.sinensis中人工沉香和天然沉香間的主要標(biāo)志性差異物,而A.crassna中人工沉香和天然沉香間的差異物有29個(gè),具有顯著差異有7個(gè),其主要標(biāo)志性差異物為6,8-二羥基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮(isomer1),AH21(isomer1)、methoxy AH21(isomer1)、2,3-二羥基-5-苯乙基-2,3-二氫-1ah-oxireno[2,3-f]chromen-7(7bh)-one(isomer 2)、dehydroxy AH21(isomer 2)5個(gè)成分。對(duì)同一結(jié)香方式不同種源沉香的比較分析,A sinensis與A.crassna的人工沉香間的差異物有36個(gè),其中具有顯著差異的3個(gè),AH12(isomer 3)為該兩組人工沉香中的主要標(biāo)志性差異物。在天然沉香中,A.sinensis與A.malaccensis沉香的差異物有35個(gè),具有顯著差異13個(gè),其主要標(biāo)志性差異物為6-甲氧基-2-[2-(4'-羥基-3'-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(isomer 2)、6,8-二羥基-2-[2-(3'-羥基-4'-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(i somer 2)、沉香四醇、6-羥基-7-甲氧基-2-[2-(4'-羥基-3'-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(isomer 2)、2,3-二羥基-5-苯乙基-2,3-二氫-1ah-oxireno[2,3-f]chromen-7(7bh)-one(isomer 1)等5個(gè)成分;A.crassna與A.malaccensis沉香中的差異物有20個(gè),具有顯著差異2個(gè),其主要標(biāo)志性差異物則為6-甲氧基-2-[2-(4'-羥基-3'-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(isomer 2)、6,8-二羥基-2-[2-(3'-羥基-4'-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(isomer 1)),其中其中6-甲氧基-2-[2-(4'-羥基-3'-甲氧基苯基)乙基]色酮(isomer 2)是A.malaccensis與A.sinensis和A.c rassna種天然沉香共同的主要標(biāo)志性差異物;而A.sinensis與A.crassna沉香的差異物有6個(gè),并未發(fā)現(xiàn)有顯著差異成分。同時(shí)結(jié)果顯示具有顯著共性特征苯環(huán)上羥基和甲氧基取代的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分可能為有效辨識(shí)人工和天然沉香的標(biāo)志性成分,而5,6,7,8-四氫-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類和雙2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分則是區(qū)分不同種源沉香的關(guān)鍵物質(zhì)。對(duì)不同組別沉香的四種類型的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分的峰面積進(jìn)行比較研究,結(jié)果表明各組之間差異有所不同,5,6,7,8-四氫-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分、雙2-(苯乙基)色酮類、三2-(苯乙基)色酮類成分在各組間多具有顯著差異;同時(shí)基于2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分對(duì)所有樣品進(jìn)行聚類分類顯示人工和天然沉香多各自聚為一類。結(jié)論:本文基于GCMS和LCMS技術(shù),結(jié)合多維和單維統(tǒng)計(jì)建立了篩選沉香差異成分的方法。通過(guò)GCMS結(jié)合NIST 14質(zhì)譜庫(kù)鑒定出19個(gè)差異成分,其中具有顯著差異的有4個(gè)成分;本文首次基于LC-ESI-QTOF高分辨質(zhì)譜結(jié)合文獻(xiàn)從沉香中鑒定出62個(gè)差異成分,其中23個(gè)為潛在的新雙2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類化合物,通過(guò)多維和單維統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的方法,篩選出具有顯著差異的有27個(gè);這些標(biāo)志性成分可以作為沉香的品種鑒定、質(zhì)量控制及化學(xué)分類學(xué)指標(biāo)成分。人工沉香和天然沉香的差異可能與苯環(huán)上有輕基和甲氧基取代的2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分密切相關(guān);5,6,7,8-四氫-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類和雙2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分則是區(qū)分不同種源沉香的關(guān)鍵物質(zhì)。對(duì)不同類型成分進(jìn)行歸類分析,烷烴類、倍半萜類和2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類成分的高低在一定程度上能夠反映沉香內(nèi)在質(zhì)量差異,烷烴類成分越低,倍半萜類和2-(2-苯乙基)色酮類含量越高,其沉香樹(shù)脂含量越多,其質(zhì)量可能越好,反之,其質(zhì)量則越差;通過(guò)沉香內(nèi)在成分聚類研究,人工和天然沉香多各自聚為一類,不同組別的多能聚為一類,該方法能很好地將不同質(zhì)量的沉香進(jìn)行聚類和區(qū)分。本文能夠?yàn)槌料愕钠贩N鑒別、質(zhì)量控制、品質(zhì)分類研究新的思路和方法。
[Abstract]:OBJECTIVE: The resin-containing wood of the genera Aquzlaria and Gyrinops mainly distributes in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries. A. sinensis, and the imported source plants are mostly Aquilaria malaccensi, Aquilaria crassna. The quality of L. sinensis is closely related to provenance, aroma-forming methods and so on. Although modern molecular identification technology can identify L. sinensis primordia, but there is no effective method to distinguish the samples from the same source with different aroma-forming methods. It is not clear what differences exist among different types of aloes, and no screening method has been established to identify these components. Methods: According to the characteristics of the internal components of Chinese aloes, this paper makes use of modern advanced analytical instruments and statistical methods, uses GCMS and LCMS combined with multivariate statistics and single-dimensional analysis method to analyze the components of Chinese aloes comprehensively, supplemented by principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and other statistical methods to find out if not. Methods: (1) The content of alcohol extract was determined by HPLC (column Al) according to the relevant requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition). TIMA C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 micron), mobile phase acetonitrile (A) - 0.1% formic acid water (B), gradient elution, flow rate 0.7 mL min 1, detection wavelength 252 nm, column temperature 30 C) was used to determine the content of agaric tetraol in samples. The difference between different types of agaric incense was preliminarily analyzed by combining the results of alcohol extract and agaric tetraol content. Quartz capillary column (0.25 m m *30 m, 0.25 um), carrier gas is high-purity helium, flow rate is 1.0 mL.in-1, no diversion, injection volume is 5 microl, inlet temperature 250, transmission line temperature 280, starting temperature 90, holding for 3 minutes, then 10.M IN-1 to 180, then 3.Mir-1 to 280, holding 10 m in, then 5.M IN-1 to 300. EI was ionized at 70 eV for 8 min. The temperature of ion source was 230 C, the temperature of four-stage rod was 150 C. The scanning mode was full scanning, and the scanning range m/z was 50-550. The volatile oil was identified qualitatively by standard database NIST14 and retention index. According to the analysis, the differences among different types of aloes were analyzed to find out the markers of the differences, and the characteristic components of aloes were classified and compared to analyze the reasons for the internal quality differences. (3) LC-QTOFMS column (InetrSustain Swift C18 column) (2.1 *150 mm, 1.9 mun); flow rate: 0.3 ml/min; column temperature: 40; mobile phase: acetonitrile (A): 0.1% Formic acid aqueous solution (B) gradient elution (0-3 min, 10% A; 3-8 min, 10% - 30% A; 8-25 min, 30% - 50% A; 25-32 min, 50% - 100% A, 32-35 min, 100% A); sample size: 10 muL; ESI ion source, positive ion mode, first-order mass spectrometry (m/z 100-2000, DP100, CE 10, acquisition time: 0.2 s), secondary mass spectrometry (m/z 50-2000, DP100, CE 45, acquisition time: 0.01s) determination of samples. The chemical components were analyzed by Simca-P software after the data were pretreated. The differences between different types of aloes were analyzed to find out the markers of the differences. Meanwhile, the characteristic components of aloes were classified and compared, and the reasons for the internal quality differences were analyzed. 60% and 6.07-57.06% of the total alcohol extract, respectively. There was no correlation between the extract and the way of aroma formation, provenance, provenance, and the way of aroma formation. (2) Based on GCMS, 19 markers of different provenances and flavoring patterns were screened out by multivariate and single-dimensional statistical analysis, which were 5 2-2-phenylethyl chromones and 5 2-phenylethyl chromones, respectively. Sesquiterpenes and other compounds. According to OPLS-DA analysis, there are 13 different markers in A. sinensis artificial and natural aloes, including chromones, sesquiterpenes and alkanes, including 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones, 5,8-Dihydroxy-4a-methyl-4,4a, 4b, 5,6,7,8,8a, 9,10-hydrodecane (3H) -phenanthreno ne (phenanthrene) There were significant differences between the two groups in the four components of Omer 1 and isomer 3, two sesquiterpenes in artificial and natural aroma-forming samples of A. crassna, and two different markers in artificial aroma-forming aroma of two different provenances (A. sinensis and A. crassna, artificial aroma-forming aroma), of which 5,8-Dihydroxy-4a-methyl-4, 4a, 4b, 5, 6, 7, 8, 8a, 9, 10-decahydro-2 (3H) - phenanthrenone (isomer1) had significant differences between the two groups; through the comparative analysis of natural aloes from three provenances, there were seven different markers between A. sinensis and A. C. rassna aloes and A. malaccensis aloes, and the significant differences in the marker components were isomer 3. The peak areas of alkanes, sesquiterpenoids and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones in 52 samples were classified and statistically analyzed. The results showed that the content of sesquiterpenoids in natural aloes was mainly A.crassna, A.mal accensis and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone. The higher was A. crassna A. malaccen sis, while the higher alkanes was A. sinensis. The total peak area of different types of components in A. sinensis showed no significant difference in alkanes between artificial and natural samples, while sesquiterpenes and 2 - (2-phenylethyl) chromone were both present. There was no significant difference between artificial and natural aromas of A. crassn. There was no significant difference between artificial and natural aromas of A. sinensis and A. crassna. There was no significant difference between the two groups of artificial aromas of A. sinensis and A. crassna. There were differences in alkanes and sesquiterpenes in SIS natural aloes, but only differences in alkanes were found between A. sinensis natural aloes and A. C. crassna natural aloes. There was no significant difference between other groups and components. 123 differential markers were identified by multivariate and single-dimensional statistical analysis. 62 compounds were identified by first-and second-order mass spectrometry combined with the existing literature, 23 of which were potential new compounds. 45 differences were found in the same provenance of artificial and natural aloes. Among them, 6 components (2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone, 7-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone, 6-methoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone (isomer 2), 6,8-di-light-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone (isomer 1), 6-methoxy-2-[2-(4'-methoxyphenylethyl) ethyl] chromone, dehydroxy AH21) are artificial precipitation and natural precipitation chromone in A.sinensis. Among them, 29 were the main markers, and 7 were significant differences. The main markers were 6,8-dihydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromone (isomer1), AH21 (isomer1), methoxy AH21 (isomer1), 2,3-dihydroxy-5-phenylethyl-2,3-dihydro-1ah-oxireno [2,3-f]chromen. 5 components of - 7 (7bh) - one (isomer 2), dehydroxy AH21 (isomer 2). Comparing and analyzing the different provenances of the same way of aroma formation, there were 36 differences between A. sinensis and A. crassna, of which 3 were significantly different. AH12 (isomer 3) was the main marker of the two groups of artificial aroma. There were 35 differences between NSIS and A. malaccensis, 13 of which were significant. The main markers were 6-methoxy-2-[2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] tryptone (i Somer 2), 6,8-dihydroxy-2-[2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] tryptone (somer 2), aloe tetraol, 6-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-[2'-hydroxy-3'-hydroxy-3'-hydroxy-3'-hydroxy-ethyl] tryptone (i Somer 2). 5 constituents were isomer 2, 2,3-dihydroxy-5-phenylethyl-2,3-dihydro-1ah-oxireno [2,3-f] chromen-7 (7bh) -one (isomer 1). There were 20 differences between A. crassna and A. malaccensis, and the main marker difference was 6-methoxy-2-[2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] one (isomer 1). Isomer 2, 6,8-dihydroxy-2-[2-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone (isomer 1), in which 6-methoxy-2-[2-(4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl) ethyl] chromone (isomer 2) is the main marker difference between A. The results showed that the hydroxyl and methoxy substituted 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones on the phenyl ring may be the effective markers for the identification of artificial and natural aloes, while 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and bis-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones are formed. The peak areas of 4 types of 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones in different groups were compared. The results showed that the differences among the four groups were different, including 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones, bis-2-(phenylethyl) chromones, and tri-2-(phenylethyl) chromones. At the same time, all samples were clustered and classified based on 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones. Conclusion: Based on GCMS and LCMS techniques, a method for screening the different components of Chinese traditional medicinal herbs was established by combining GCMS with NIST 14 mass spectrometry library. Nineteen different components were identified, of which four were significantly different. Based on LC-ESI-QTOF high-resolution mass spectrometry and literature, 62 different components were identified for the first time, 23 of which were potential new bis-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones, and significant differences were screened out by multidimensional and single-dimensional statistical analysis. The differences between artificial and natural aloes may be closely related to 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones with light and methoxy substitutes in the benzene ring; 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones and bis-2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones. The contents of alkanes, sesquiterpenoids and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones can reflect the internal quality differences of Chinese aroma to some extent. The lower the alkanes, the higher the contents of sesquiterpenoids and 2-(2-phenylethyl) chromones, the higher the content of Chinese aroma. The more the resin content is, the better the quality may be, on the contrary, the worse the quality will be. Through Clustering Study on the intrinsic components of Chinese aloes, artificial and natural Chinese aloes are mostly clustered into one group, and the various groups are clustered into one group. This method can well classify and distinguish different quality of Chinese aloes. New ideas and methods for quality classification.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R284.1

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