本文選題：瑪咖 + 芥子油苷��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院過(guò)程工程研究所)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：瑪咖(Lepidiummeyenii,maca),原產(chǎn)于南美洲安地斯山脈的一種十字花科獨(dú)行菜屬植物。2007年以來(lái),相繼在中國(guó)云南、四川、新疆等地區(qū)試種成功,僅云南的種植面積就達(dá)到20萬(wàn)畝以上。有型糖尿病患者食用瑪咖后發(fā)現(xiàn)其血糖下降,但瑪咖為何能降糖卻不清楚。本論文采用體外、細(xì)胞及動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)研究瑪咖中降糖活性物質(zhì)及其降血糖機(jī)理,為拓展瑪咖在降糖產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)中應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)分離純化了芥子油苷、黃酮采用超聲循環(huán)提取瑪咖,通過(guò)D101大孔樹(shù)脂和IRA-67離子交換樹(shù)脂純化芥子油苷,得到純度78.3%以上的瑪咖芥子油苷;通過(guò)大孔樹(shù)脂AB-8和聚酰胺兩步純化,得到純度89.2%的瑪咖總黃酮。(2)瑪咖黃酮、芥子油苷抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性效果明顯瑪咖黃酮、芥子油苷對(duì)α-葡萄糖苷酶具有抑制作用�，斂S酮的IC50為0.41 mg/mL,屬于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制和非競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制的混合型抑制;瑪咖芥子油苷的IC50為0.73 mg/mL,屬于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性抑制。對(duì)Caco-2細(xì)胞內(nèi)α-葡萄糖苷酶也有顯著的抑制效果,瑪咖總黃酮的IC50為0.21 mg/mL,瑪咖芥子油苷的IC50為0.33 mg/mL。(3)瑪咖能改善Hep-G2肝細(xì)胞胰島素抵抗模型糖異生代謝采用Hep-G2細(xì)胞胰島素抵抗模型研究表明:瑪咖黃酮、瑪咖芥子油苷能夠抑制糖異生代謝�，斂S酮、芥子油苷能夠直接激活A(yù)MPK蛋白,使其磷酸化形成p-AMPK。磷酸化的P-AMPK,可以磷酸化TORC2蛋白,使其形成p-TORC2。而磷酸化的P-TORC2不能進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,導(dǎo)致p-CREB蛋白的減少,最終使得糖異生代謝關(guān)鍵基因PEPCK和G6Pase轉(zhuǎn)錄減少,進(jìn)而引起PEPCK和G6Pase兩種關(guān)鍵蛋白酶的表達(dá)減少,最終導(dǎo)致糖異生代謝的抑制。(4)瑪咖能改善3T3-L1脂肪細(xì)胞胰島素抵抗?fàn)顟B(tài)成功誘導(dǎo)建立了 3T3-L1胰島素抵抗模型,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)瑪咖黃酮、瑪咖芥子油苷能增加模型細(xì)胞的葡萄糖攝入量�，斂S酮能夠顯著增加PPAR-γ含量,但是芥子油苷對(duì)PPAR-γ含量沒(méi)有顯著影響。同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),瑪咖芥子油苷、瑪咖黃酮都能增加模型組中GLUT-4葡萄糖轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)子的數(shù)量。(5)瑪咖改善SD大鼠2型糖尿病狀態(tài)通過(guò)STZ結(jié)合高糖高脂飼養(yǎng),成功將SD大鼠誘導(dǎo)為糖尿病模型。實(shí)驗(yàn)中瑪咖黃酮、瑪咖芥子油苷分別設(shè)立三個(gè)劑量組,通過(guò)灌胃五周,瑪咖總黃酮、芥子油苷都能夠降低SD糖尿病大鼠的血糖含量;同時(shí)二者在高劑量時(shí)能夠降低糖化血紅蛋白含量。通過(guò)組織病理切片,看到喂養(yǎng)五周后,二者都能夠使SD糖尿病大鼠中肝臟的炎癥下降�，斂S酮、芥子油苷增加胰島素信號(hào)通路中P-AMPK含量,此外,瑪咖總黃酮還能夠提高GLUT-2轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)子數(shù)量。
[Abstract]:Lepidium meyeniiae, native to the Andes Mountains of South America, has been successfully planted in Yunnan, Sichuan and Xinjiang since 2007, with an area of more than 200000 mu. People with type 2 diabetes who ate maca showed a drop in blood sugar, but it was unclear why Maca could. In this paper, in vitro, cell and animal experiments were used to systematically study the hypoglycemic active substance and its hypoglycemic mechanism in Maca, so as to lay a foundation for the application of Maca in the development of hypoglycemic products. The main results were as follows: (1) the rhinoside was isolated and purified. The flavonoids were extracted by ultrasonic cycle and purified by D101 macroporous resin and IRA-67 ion exchange resin. The purity of margarine was over 78.3%. Through the purification of macroporous resin AB-8 and polyamide, a purity of 89.2% of Maca total flavone was obtained. The inhibitory effect of glucoside on 偽 -glucosidase activity was obvious, and glucoside inhibited 偽 -glucosidase activity. The IC50 of Maca flavonoids was 0.41 mg / mL, which was a mixture of competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition, while the IC50 of macaroside was 0.73 mg / mL, which was a competitive inhibition. 偽 -glucosidase in Caco-2 cells was also inhibited significantly. The IC50 of maca total flavonoids was 0.21 mg / mL, and the IC50 of Maca mustard oil was 0.33 mg / m 路L ~ (3) Maca could improve the glycometabolism of insulin resistance model of Hep-G2 hepatocytes by using Hep-G2 cell insulin resistance model. Magna mustard oil glucoside can inhibit glycometabolism. Maqa flavonoids and mustard oil glucoside can directly activate AMPK protein and phosphorylate it to form p-AMPK. Phosphorylated P-AMPK can phosphorylate TORC2 protein to form p-TORC2. However, phosphorylated P-TORC2 could not enter the nucleus, resulting in the decrease of p-CREB protein, which resulted in the reduction of the transcription of the key genes of glycometabolism, PEPCK and G6Pase, and the decrease of the expression of PEPCK and G6Pase. Finally, the inhibition of glycometabolism. 4) Maca can improve the insulin resistance of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The 3T3-L1 insulin resistance model was established successfully. It was found that maca flavonoids and maca mustard oil glucoside could increase the glucose intake of the model cells. Maca flavonoids could significantly increase the content of PPAR- 緯, but mustard oil glucoside had no significant effect on the content of PPAR- 緯. It was also found that macamustard oil glucoside and maca flavone could increase the number of GLUT-4 glucose transporters in the model group. Maca could improve the state of type 2 diabetes in SD rats. SD rats were successfully induced into diabetic model by STZ combined with high glucose and high fat. In the experiment, Maca flavonoids and macarosin were divided into three dosage groups. After five weeks of gavage, the total flavone of maca and the glucoside could all reduce the blood sugar content of SD diabetic rats. At the same time, both can reduce the content of glycosylated hemoglobin at high dose. Histopathological sections showed that both of them could decrease liver inflammation in SD diabetic rats after five weeks of feeding. The content of P-AMPK in insulin signaling pathway was increased by maqa flavone, and the amount of GLUT-2 transporter was also increased by total flavone of maca.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)(中國(guó)科學(xué)院過(guò)程工程研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R285

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