本文選題：紅外輻射特性測量　切入點：輻射定標　出處：《中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著紅外探測技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,目標紅外輻射特性數(shù)據(jù)受到了越來越廣泛的重視。目標紅外輻射特性可以為目標紅外探測、識別和跟蹤提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù);為紅外系統(tǒng)仿真提供目標和背景生成的物理特征,有利于數(shù)學模型的準確建立;為目標紅外隱身效果提供評價依據(jù)。目前,越來越多的高精度地基紅外成像系統(tǒng)廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事目標的輻射特性測量。傳統(tǒng)的目標紅外輻射特性測量是單波段測量,即利用紅外成像系統(tǒng)獲取目標在一個波段的輻射圖像,通過輻射特性反演算法實現(xiàn)目標表觀紅外輻射測量,測量結(jié)果中包含目標發(fā)射率和環(huán)境反射輻射,僅能反映目標的輻亮度溫度,存在理論局限性。本文深入研究了輻射定標和目標單波段輻射特性測量原理,針對單波段輻射特性測量原理的局限性,采用雙波段測量技術(shù)實現(xiàn)軍事目標輻射特性測量。對傳統(tǒng)的雙波段輻射特性測量方法進行改進,提出適用于軍用目標輻射特性測量的中波紅外雙波段測量方法,并在詳細分析影響雙波輻射特性段測量誤差來源的基礎(chǔ)上提出了多個提高雙波段輻射特性測量精度的方法。本論文主要完成了以下六個方面的工作:(1)深入研究了目標紅外輻射特性測量技術(shù)和紅外成像系統(tǒng)非均勻性校正方法,建立了紅外成像系統(tǒng)輻射定標和測量模型,提出基于積分時間的輻射定標模型,為目標輻射特性雙波段測量提供可靠的基礎(chǔ)理論。(2)深入研究了雙波段輻射特性測量的基礎(chǔ)理論,針對傳統(tǒng)雙波段測量方法的缺點并結(jié)合中波紅外成像系統(tǒng)的特點,建立了雙波段輻射特性測量模型,針對遠距離、中低溫目標,推導(dǎo)了基于紅外測量系統(tǒng)輻射定標的雙波段定標比值和測量比值公式,提出了考慮大氣和環(huán)境輻射的雙波段輻射特性測量方法。(3)根據(jù)本文建立的雙波段測量模型,詳細分析輻射定標誤差、測量波段選取、圖像隨機噪聲、大氣和目標發(fā)射率不確定性等因素對雙波段測量精度的影響,并進行了仿真實驗驗證,為提高雙波段輻射特性測量精度提供理論支撐(4)為了提高雙波段定標和測量的效率,提出基于輻射定標簡化模型的雙波段輻射特性測量方法;詳細分析了環(huán)境溫度對紅外成像系統(tǒng)輻射定標的影響,提出不依賴環(huán)境溫度的雙波段輻射特性測量方法,避免定標和測量過程之間環(huán)境溫度不一致對目標輻射特性雙波段測量的影響,提高雙波段輻射特性測量方法的環(huán)境適應(yīng)性。(5)針對紅外測量圖像的特點,提出基于K-均值聚類和CIE-94顏色差異公式的偽彩色顯示方法,提高紅外測量圖像的顯示效果。(6)設(shè)計了基于中波紅外成像系統(tǒng)和帶通濾光片的雙波段輻射特性測量實驗系統(tǒng);為了避免雙波段輻射特性測量實驗中使用黑體為被測目標不具有普遍性的問題,設(shè)計了灰體目標模擬裝置;進行了實驗室和高低溫箱內(nèi)的灰體目標雙波段輻射特性測量實驗,驗證本文提出算法的有效性。本文對雙波段輻射特性測量技術(shù)進行了深入研究,搭建了中波紅外雙波段輻射特性測量系統(tǒng),進行了大量輻射定標和目標輻射特性測量實驗。實驗結(jié)果表明,本文的雙波段輻射特性測量方法實現(xiàn)了中低溫目標真實溫度測量,溫度測量精度優(yōu)于4℃,輻射特性測量精度優(yōu)于10%,基于輻射定標簡化方法的雙波段測量方法實現(xiàn)了對雙波段定標和測量過程的簡化,不依賴環(huán)境溫度的雙波段測量方法實現(xiàn)了定標和測量過程之間環(huán)境溫度不一致情況下的目標輻射特性測量。本文的研究成果對進一步開展目標輻射特性測量研究和雙波段輻射特性測量系統(tǒng)設(shè)計具有重要的理論意義和參考價值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of infrared detection technology, infrared radiation characteristics of target data has attracted more and more attention. The infrared radiation characteristics of target infrared detection for target recognition and tracking to provide basic data; provide the physical features of the object and background generated for the infrared simulation system, is conducive to accurately establish the mathematical model to provide a basis for evaluation target; the infrared camouflage effect. At present, the radiation characteristics of high measurement precision of ground infrared imaging system is widely applied to the military target. The measurement of infrared radiation characteristics of target is the traditional single band measurement, namely the use of infrared imaging system to obtain the target in the radiation image of a band, the inversion algorithm to achieve the goal of the apparent radiation characteristics of infrared radiation the measurement, the measurement results including the emissivity and environment reflected radiation, the radiance temperature can reflect the target, has theoretical limitations . this paper studies the radiometric calibration and target single band radiation characteristics measurement principle, aiming at the limitation of single band radiation characteristics measurement principle, measure the radiation characteristics of military targets using dual band measurement technology. The traditional dual band radiation characteristics measurement method makes the improvement, proposed a mid wave infrared measurement method military target radiation characteristic measurement, and in the basis of detailed analysis of the impact of double wave radiation characteristics measurement error sources on the proposed method of dual band radiation characteristics measurement accuracy more improved. This thesis consists of the following six aspects: (1) study the infrared radiation characteristics of target measurement and infrared imaging technology the system of non uniformity correction method, established the infrared imaging system calibration and measurement model, proposed radiation integral time calibration model based on target radiation characteristics Provide reliable basic theory of dual band measurement. (2) the basic theory research of the dual band radiation characteristic measurement, the traditional dual band method's shortcomings and combined with the characteristics of medium wave infrared imaging system, a dual band radiation measurement model according to the characteristics, long distance, low temperature, dual band infrared measurement system radiation calibration and measurement based on ratio ratio formula is deduced, a method of measuring the emission characteristics of dual band radiation atmosphere and the environment. (3) according to the dual band measurement model is established in this paper, a detailed analysis of the radiometric calibration error measurement, band selection, image noise, and atmospheric emissivity uncertainty the factors influencing the measurement accuracy of the dual band, and do the simulation experiments, in order to improve and provide theoretical support for dual band radiation characteristics measurement accuracy (4) in order to improve the calibration and measurement of dual band The amount of the efficiency, proposed methods of measuring characteristics of dual band radiation radiation calibration based on the simplified model; the influence of environmental temperature on the infrared imaging system calibration is analyzed in detail. The dual band does not depend on the ambient temperature radiation measurement method of characteristics, avoid the influence between the calibration and measurement process of environmental temperature is not consistent to the target radiation characteristics of double band measurement, dual band radiation characteristics measurement method to improve the adaptability to the environment. (5) according to the characteristics of infrared images, the pseudo color K- clustering and CIE-94 color difference formula display method based on improving display effect of infrared measurement image. (6) the design of the mid infrared imaging system based on bandpass filter dual band radiation measurement system characteristics; in order to avoid the dual band radiation characteristic measurement using blackbody target to be measured is not universal problem, design Grey body target simulator; the grey target laboratory and low temperature in dual band radiation measurement characteristics, verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Based on the dual band radiation characteristics measurement technology is studied and built a mid wave infrared radiation characteristic measurement system, a lot of radiometric measurement of radiation the characteristics of subject and target. The experimental results show that the dual band radiation measurement method is implemented in the true temperature measurement of temperature, temperature measurement accuracy is less than 4 DEG C, the radiation characteristics of the measuring precision is better than 10%, dual band measurement method of radiometric calibration of the simplified method is realized based on the simplify calibration and measurement process of the double band. Dual band measurement method does not depend on the ambient temperature to achieve the calibration and measurement of environmental temperature inconsistent radiation measurement under the condition of this paper. The research results have important theoretical significance and reference value for further research on the measurement of target radiation characteristics and the design of the dual band radiation characteristic measurement system.

【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：TP391.41

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