本文選題：隧道限界檢測 + 圖像處理�。� 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隧道限界檢測對保障鐵路安全具有重要意義。隨著近年來高速鐵路的大量建設(shè),基于圖像處理的自動化檢測方法逐漸成為當(dāng)前主流技術(shù)。電視攝像測量法由于具有操作簡便、測量精度高等優(yōu)點,成為諸多測量方法中應(yīng)用最為廣泛的技術(shù),其中,從斷面圖像中快速準(zhǔn)確地提取激光線是整個過程尤為關(guān)鍵的一步,將直接關(guān)系到限界計算的準(zhǔn)確性。然而,隧道中存在的不均勻光照、線纜、內(nèi)壁紋理等復(fù)雜背景為激光線輪廓的提取帶來了諸多技術(shù)難題。本文利用圖像處理相關(guān)技術(shù),研究復(fù)雜背景下斷面激光線輪廓的提取與后處理算法。本文充分考慮復(fù)雜隧道背景對限界測量的影響,提出一種適用于多種場景的激光線輪廓提取算法。采用改進的局部閾值分割技術(shù)對斷面圖像進行預(yù)處理,并結(jié)合邊緣提取與直線檢測算法檢測圖像中線型特征物,再通過像素灰度值分析與眼動跟蹤實驗相結(jié)合方法提取激光線輪廓。大量隧道檢測結(jié)果表明,本文提出的輪廓提取算法有較強的穩(wěn)定性和較高的準(zhǔn)確率,為后續(xù)限界測量與超限判斷奠定了良好基礎(chǔ)。針對激光線提取過程中存在的寬度過粗、曲線斷開等現(xiàn)象,提出一種激光線后處理方案。選取適用于本場景的細化算法處理激光線圖像得到單像素輪廓,再提出兩種平移方案對單像素骨架線的位置做出修正,分別給出兩種方案的方差表達式及仿真實驗結(jié)果,選取誤差較小方案對骨架線位置進行平移修正;最后提出一種基于連通區(qū)域基本段的擬合生長算法,對經(jīng)細化與平移處理的激光線輪廓斷開部分進行擬合。實驗結(jié)果表明,該方案能在誤差允許范圍內(nèi)實現(xiàn)對激光線斷開、缺失處的擬合生長,符合現(xiàn)代鐵路隧道的檢測要求。
[Abstract]:With the construction of high speed railway in recent years, the automatic detection method based on image processing has gradually become the mainstream technology with the construction of high speed railway in recent years. The video camera measurement method has become the most widely used technology in many measuring methods because of its advantages of simple operation and high measurement precision. The fast and accurate extraction of laser line from the cross section image is a crucial step in the whole process, which will directly affect the accuracy of the limit calculation. However, the complex background of the tunnel, such as uneven illumination, cable and inner wall texture, is a difficult problem for the extraction of laser line contour. This paper uses image processing techniques. In this paper, an algorithm for extracting and post-processing the contour of a laser line in a complex background is studied. This paper gives a full consideration of the influence of the complex tunnel background on the limit measurement, and proposes a laser line contour extraction algorithm suitable for various scenes. The improved local threshold segmentation technique is used to preprocess the image of the cross section, and the edge extraction and the straight line are extracted. The detection algorithm detects the linear features in the image, and then extracts the contour of the laser line by combining the pixel gray value analysis with the eye movement tracking experiment. A large number of tunnel detection results show that the proposed contour extraction algorithm has a strong stability and high accuracy, which lays a good foundation for the follow-up limit measurement and the overlimit judgment. A laser line post processing scheme is proposed for the phenomenon that the width of the laser line is too rough and the curve is disconnected. A thinning algorithm suitable for this scene is selected to process the single pixel contour of the laser line image. Then two translation schemes are proposed to modify the location of the single pixel skeleton line, and the variance expression of the two schemes is given respectively. The result of the model and the simulation experiment, select the small error scheme to make the shift correction to the position of the skeleton line. Finally, a fitting growth algorithm based on the basic segment of the connected region is put forward to fit the disconnected part of the laser line by the thinning and translation. The experimental results show that the scheme can realize the laser line breaking in the error allowable range. The fitting growth at the missing points accords with the requirements of modern railway tunnels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U459.1;TP391.41

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