本文選題：微帶天線 + 雙極化��； 參考：《大連海事大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：同時同頻全雙工(CCFD)通信具有節(jié)約頻譜資源,提高頻帶利用率等優(yōu)點,因此近年來引起了人們的廣泛關注。在CCFD系統(tǒng)中,極化雙工天線是一個關鍵器件,因此,研究具有高隔離度和寬頻帶特性的高性能極化雙工天線具有理論價值和實際意義。極化雙工要求天線具有雙極化特性,現(xiàn)如今,雙極化天線的實現(xiàn)方式有很多,其中,微帶貼片天線具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、體積小、重量輕、能與載體共形、便于與微波有源器件和電路集成等優(yōu)點,而且利用同一個貼片可以收、發(fā)兩個互不干擾的正交極化電磁波,因此,本文采用微帶貼片天線結(jié)構(gòu)設計應用于WLAN系統(tǒng)的極化雙工天線。本文首先設計了一款工作在2.4GHz WLAN頻段的高隔離度雙極化微帶貼片天線。該天線為積疊式微帶貼片結(jié)構(gòu),通過兩層輻射貼片引入兩個相鄰的諧振頻率,進而展寬天線的頻帶。饋電方式采用混合饋電,水平極化端口為微帶線側(cè)饋,垂直極化端口為縫隙耦合饋電,耦合縫隙采用的是耦合效率較高的H型縫隙。由于微帶天線采用了混合饋電方式,兩條微帶饋線分別置于開縫接地板的兩側(cè),屏蔽了相互之間的干擾,提高了端口間的隔離度。在此基礎上,以此天線作為單元天線,采用錯位倒相饋電組成了 2×2天線陣,優(yōu)化了端口間的隔離度,同時有效抑制了主瓣內(nèi)的交叉極化電平。本文利用3個一分二等分Wilkinson功分器通過級聯(lián)方式設計了一款一分四等分功分器,并引入180°移相器,以達到倒相饋電的目的。然后,本文又設計了一款工作在5.2GHz和5.8GHz WLAN頻段的寬頻帶雙極化天線。該天線采用了方形環(huán)縫隙結(jié)構(gòu),總體形狀為階梯形矩形。環(huán)縫的相鄰的兩臂通過微帶線饋電,以產(chǎn)生兩個相互正交的電磁場,而另外兩臂的引入則使得天線結(jié)構(gòu)對稱,并減少了交叉極化。通過優(yōu)化槽臂和饋線尺寸,實現(xiàn)了要求的阻抗匹配和隔離度。本文采用理論設計和仿真軟件優(yōu)化設計相結(jié)合的方法對雙極化天線及陣列進行設計,并根據(jù)設計結(jié)果對天線進行了加工與測試。測試結(jié)果顯示,本文設計的雙極化天線及天線陣基本達到設計要求。
[Abstract]:At the same time, CCFDs have the advantages of saving spectrum resources and improving the efficiency of frequency band, so they have attracted more and more attention in recent years. Polarization duplex antenna is a key device in CCFD system. Therefore, it is of theoretical and practical significance to study high performance polarization duplex antenna with high isolation and broadband characteristics. Polarization duplex requires dual polarization characteristic of antenna. Nowadays, there are many ways to realize dual polarization antenna. Among them, microstrip patch antenna has simple structure, small size, light weight, and conformal with carrier. It is easy to integrate with microwave active devices and circuits, and the same patch can be used to receive and transmit two orthogonal polarized electromagnetic waves that do not interfere with each other. In this paper, the microstrip patch antenna structure is used to design the polarized duplex antenna used in WLAN system. In this paper, we first design a high isolation dual polarization microstrip patch antenna working in the 2.4GHz WLAN band. The antenna is a stacked microstrip patch structure. Two adjacent resonant frequencies are introduced through the two-layer radiation patch to widen the frequency band of the antenna. The feed mode is mixed feed, horizontal polarization port is microstrip line side feed, vertical polarization port is slot coupling feed, coupling gap is H type slot with high coupling efficiency. Because the microstrip antenna adopts the mixed feed mode, the two microstrip feeders are placed on the two sides of the slotted floor respectively, which shield the interference between each other and improve the isolation between the ports. On this basis, the antenna is used as a unit antenna, and a 2 脳 2 antenna array is formed by using a staggered inverse-phase feed, which optimizes the isolation between ports and effectively restrains the cross-polarization level in the main lobe. In this paper, a four-divider is designed by cascading three Wilkinson splitters, and a 180 擄phase shifter is introduced to achieve the purpose of inverting the phase feed. Then, a broadband dual-polarization antenna working in the 5.2GHz and 5.8GHz WLAN bands is designed. The antenna adopts a square ring slot structure and its overall shape is a stepped rectangle. The adjacent arms of the annulus are fed through the microstrip line to generate two mutually orthogonal electromagnetic fields, while the introduction of the other two arms makes the antenna structure symmetrical and reduces cross-polarization. By optimizing the size of grooves and feeders, the required impedance matching and isolation are realized. In this paper, the dual polarization antenna and array are designed by combining theoretical design and simulation software optimization design, and the antenna is machined and tested according to the design results. The test results show that the dual polarization antenna and antenna array designed in this paper basically meet the design requirements.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TN822

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本文編號：1860016