基于IR-UWB的AGV定位與路徑規(guī)劃技術(shù)研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞:基于IR-UWB的AGV定位與路徑規(guī)劃技術(shù)研究 出處:《中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院》2017年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章: AGV IR-UWB 模糊PID控制 路徑規(guī)劃 A~*算法
【摘要】:隨著生產(chǎn)制造以及倉儲物流行業(yè)的自動化、信息化、智能化發(fā)展需求,自動導(dǎo)引車(AGV)的作用越來越重要,被廣泛的應(yīng)用于各種工作場合,已成為研究熱點。針對高精度AGV成本高與低精度AGV工程量大、環(huán)境適應(yīng)性差的問題,研究了基于IR-UWB無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)測距定位的AGV定位與路徑規(guī)劃技術(shù),搭建了 AGV系統(tǒng)平臺,并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)試驗。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:1.系統(tǒng)對比了室內(nèi)定位和導(dǎo)引技術(shù)。對國內(nèi)外AGV小車的導(dǎo)引技術(shù)進(jìn)行了調(diào)研,總結(jié)分析了目前常用的導(dǎo)引技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點,提出了采用無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)IR-UWB技術(shù)作為AGV室內(nèi)定位和導(dǎo)引方式的研究方案。2.研究了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的測距定位技術(shù)。分析了 RSSI、TOF測距和AOA、TDOA、TOA定位技術(shù)的特點,針對測距和定位過程中的誤差來源提出了減小誤差的方案;研究基于SDS-TWR的測距方法,利用信號在基站和移動站之間的傳播時間來測定兩者之間的距離,再利用TOA定位算法來實現(xiàn)移動站的定位。3.設(shè)計了模糊PID導(dǎo)引控制器。建立了 AGV小車的數(shù)學(xué)模型;對其行走控制進(jìn)行了建模分析;設(shè)計了自動導(dǎo)引控制器;最后采用MATLAB/Sinulink進(jìn)行了仿真模擬。4.研究了基于A*算法的路徑規(guī)劃技術(shù)。首先利用柵格法進(jìn)行倉庫內(nèi)環(huán)境的建模,模擬倉庫內(nèi)的貨架、障礙物以及貨道等信息,構(gòu)建倉庫內(nèi)環(huán)境地圖;然后利用A*算法作為路徑規(guī)劃算法,采用歐氏距離作為估價函數(shù),以行走最短距離、減少小車轉(zhuǎn)彎次數(shù)以及躲避障礙物為目標(biāo),對AGV行走過程進(jìn)行了路徑規(guī)劃;最后進(jìn)行了 A*路徑規(guī)劃的仿真模擬。5.搭建了 AGV系統(tǒng)平臺,并進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)試驗研究。集成IR-UWB定位模塊、超聲波傳感器、姿態(tài)傳感器及微控制器模塊,設(shè)計了 AGV小車的執(zhí)行單元,控制單元以及檢測單元,以此搭建了定位導(dǎo)引平臺,實現(xiàn)了 AGV在倉庫環(huán)境下的測距和定位等功能。最后在搭建控制平臺的上進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)試驗,試驗結(jié)果表明在農(nóng)資倉庫的環(huán)境下系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)測距精度優(yōu)于50 mm,靜態(tài)定位精度優(yōu)于50 mm,動態(tài)定位精度優(yōu)于85 mm;能夠獲得較高的定位精度,滿足實際需求。
[Abstract]:With the automation, information and intelligent development of production and logistics industry, the role of AGV is becoming more and more important, which is widely used in all kinds of workplaces. To solve the problem of high cost and low precision AGV with high cost and low precision, it has become a research hotspot. The technology of AGV location and path planning based on IR-UWB wireless sensor network location is studied, and the AGV system platform is built. The main research contents are as follows: 1. The indoor positioning and guidance technology are compared systematically. The domestic and foreign AGV guidance technology is investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used guidance techniques are summarized and analyzed. This paper puts forward the research scheme of using wireless sensor network (IR-UWB) technology as the indoor location and guidance mode of AGV. Secondly, the location technology of wireless sensor network is studied, and the RSSI is analyzed. Based on the characteristics of TOF ranging and OAA TOA location technology, a scheme to reduce the errors in the process of ranging and positioning is proposed. This paper studies the ranging method based on SDS-TWR and uses the propagation time of the signal between the base station and the mobile station to measure the distance between the two. Then the location of mobile station is realized by using TOA algorithm. Thirdly, the fuzzy PID guidance controller is designed, and the mathematical model of AGV vehicle is established. Modeling and analysis of its walking control are carried out. The automatic guidance controller is designed. Finally, MATLAB/Sinulink is used to simulate. 4. The path planning technology based on A* algorithm is studied. Firstly, the grid method is used to model the environment in the warehouse. Simulate the information of shelves, obstacles and cargo lanes in the warehouse, and construct the map of the environment in the warehouse; Then the A* algorithm is used as the path planning algorithm and the Euclidean distance is used as the evaluation function to reduce the turning times and avoid obstacles. The path planning of AGV walking process is carried out. Finally, the simulation of A * path planning. 5. Built the AGV system platform, and carried out the system experimental research. Integrated IR-UWB positioning module, ultrasonic sensor. Attitude sensor and microcontroller module, designed the AGV vehicle execution unit, control unit and detection unit, so as to build a positioning guidance platform. The functions of AGV in the warehouse environment such as ranging and positioning are realized. Finally, the system test is carried out on the control platform. The experimental results show that the static ranging accuracy of the system is better than 50 mm, the static positioning accuracy is better than 50 mm, and the dynamic positioning accuracy is better than 85 mm in the environment of agricultural material warehouse. Can obtain higher positioning accuracy, meet the actual needs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:中國農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械化科學(xué)研究院
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2017
【分類號】:TP23;TP212.9;TN929.5
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