恐怖主義及其影響是近二十年來世界范圍內(nèi)的熱點(diǎn)問題。恐怖主義是一個群體、個人或次國家團(tuán)體使用暴力或威脅,以通過恐懼或威脅獲得社會、政治或宗教目標(biāo)。大多數(shù)遭受恐怖襲擊的穆斯林國家都經(jīng)歷了這場全球?yàn)?zāi)難。然而,巴基斯坦、阿富汗、伊拉克、尼日利亞和敘利亞的恐怖襲擊占全球的78%。此外,2006年至2013年間,穆斯林社區(qū)遭受了高達(dá)82%的恐怖主義襲擊。為減少恐怖主義的發(fā)生,軍事開支被用于打擊恐怖主義。恐怖主義的減少將增加投資水平。由于這種現(xiàn)象,遭遇恐怖襲擊率較高的國家會增加軍費(fèi)來提高投資水平。在發(fā)展中國家的不同地區(qū),恐怖主義和投資的趨勢各不相同。研究涵蓋擁有相同的宗教團(tuán)體的國內(nèi)和發(fā)展中國家總體恐怖主義,并調(diào)查他們與投資的關(guān)系。我們還討論了在9/11事件發(fā)生前后穆斯林發(fā)展中國家的恐怖主義和投資之間的關(guān)系,因?yàn)樵?/11事件發(fā)生后,穆斯林發(fā)展中國家的恐怖襲擊事件占多數(shù)。在美國9/11事件的發(fā)生是穆斯林發(fā)展中國家恐怖主義開始增多的主要轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)。在國內(nèi)恐怖主義中,受害者、目標(biāo)和地點(diǎn)屬于國內(nèi),跨國恐怖主義包括受害者、目標(biāo)和,都地點(diǎn)均來自不同的國家。由于投資的意外回報,恐怖襲擊的增加會增加投資的機(jī)會成本。此外... 

【文章來源】：山東大學(xué)山東省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：127 頁

【學(xué)位級別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
Acknowledgements
摘要
ABSTRACT
Chapter 1 NTRODUCTION
    1.1 Objective of the Study
    1.2 Graphical Analysis
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Definition and Concept
    2.2 How to Define Terrorism
    2.3 Background on Terrorism
    2.4 New Concept of Terrorism
    2.5 History of Terrorism in Pakistan and Afghanistan
    2.6 Economic Theories of Terrorism
    2.7 Economic theories of Investment
    2.8 Causes of Terrorism
    2.9 Relationship of Terrorism and Military Expenditure with Investment
    2.10 Economic Effects of Terrorism
    2.11 Effect of Terrorism on Business Community
    2.12 Influences on Financial Market
    2.13 Macroeconomic Consequences of Terrorism
    2.14 Trade
    2.15 Economic Growth
    2.16 Summary of Literature Review
Chapter 3 THEORETICAL MODEL of INVESTMENT
    3.1 Key assumptions
    3.2 Objective Function
    3.3 Constraints
    3.4 Final Constraint
    3.5 Poisson Process
    3.6 State Equation
    3.7 Costate Equation
Chapter 4 DESCRIPTION of VARIABLES and DATA
    4.1 Key Variables
    4.2 Control Variables
    4.3 Descriptive statistics
    4.4 Econometric Evidence
    4.5 Statistical Technique
        4.5.1 Heteroscedasticity and the General Linear regression Model
        4.5.2 Testing for Heterockedasticity
        4.5.3 Remedial Measures for Heterockedasticity
        4.5.4 White Robust Standard Errors
    4.6 Generalized Least Square (GLS) Estimator
        4.6.1 Properties of GLS
        4.6.2 Shortcomings in GLS Estimator
    4.7 Feasible Generalized Least Square Estimator
        4.7.1 Major Problems with FGLS Estimators
        4.7.2 Properties of FGLS
    4.8 Choice of Dynamic Model
        4.8.1 Difference and System GMM
        4.8.2 Advantages of SGMM
Chapter 5 ESTIMATION RESULTS and INTERPRETATION
    5.1 Domestic Terrorism across Muslim Developing Countries
        5.1.1 Domestic Terrorism across Christian Developing Countries
        5.1.2 Domestic Terrorism; A Comparison between Muslim and Christian developingCountries
    5.2 Total Terrorism across Muslim Developing Countries
        5.2.1 Total Terrorism across Christian Developing Countries
        5.2.3 Total Terrorism; A Comparison between Muslim and Christian developingCountries
    5.3 Discussion
    5.4 Terrorism among Muslim's Developing Countries:Post 9/11 Analysis
        5.4.1 Terrorism among Muslim's Developing Countries:Pre 9/11 Analysis
Chapter 6 CONCLUSION
    6.1 Limitation of Study
    6.2 Further Research
REFERENCES
學(xué)位論文評閱及答辯情況表



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