【摘要】：我國(guó)正處于從高等教育大國(guó)邁向高等教育強(qiáng)國(guó)的歷史進(jìn)程。行業(yè)特色高校是中國(guó)特色高等教育體系中不可缺少、不可替代的重要組成部分，具有令人矚目的特色和優(yōu)勢(shì)。行業(yè)特色高校作為與行業(yè)具有天然聯(lián)系、具備自身獨(dú)特優(yōu)勢(shì)的大學(xué)類型，其發(fā)展對(duì)于促進(jìn)行業(yè)科技進(jìn)步和國(guó)家創(chuàng)新體系建設(shè)具有不可替代的作用。行業(yè)特色高校的學(xué)科專業(yè)涉及的眾多行業(yè)，大都關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生和國(guó)家核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的戰(zhàn)略性領(lǐng)域。行業(yè)特色高校的發(fā)展和內(nèi)涵、質(zhì)量及水平的提升，是我國(guó)高等教育科學(xué)發(fā)展必須關(guān)注的重大戰(zhàn)略課題。本文根據(jù)我國(guó)高等教育改革發(fā)展的基本趨勢(shì)，遵循理論與實(shí)踐結(jié)合、歷史與現(xiàn)實(shí)結(jié)合的原則，運(yùn)用比較優(yōu)勢(shì)理論與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)理論、趨同理論、協(xié)同論與協(xié)同創(chuàng)新理論及SWOT分析法、層次分析法，對(duì)行業(yè)特色高校戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展進(jìn)行分析，特別是對(duì)行業(yè)特色高校在體制轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期的發(fā)展困境、新時(shí)期面臨的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀，以及影響其戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展的內(nèi)外部因素進(jìn)行了審視，并以此基礎(chǔ)，提出了行業(yè)特色高校適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)的要求實(shí)現(xiàn)其戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展的基本對(duì)策。 大學(xué)的發(fā)展與社會(huì)分工密切相關(guān)。各行各業(yè)對(duì)人才和技術(shù)的需求推動(dòng)了大學(xué)，形態(tài)的發(fā)展和變化。無論在西方國(guó)家，還是在中國(guó)，大學(xué)在其產(chǎn)生之初就與社會(huì)生產(chǎn)密切相聯(lián)。在西方，近代大學(xué)由行會(huì)組成，隨著工業(yè)化、現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的發(fā)展，大學(xué)與各行各業(yè)更是建立了有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。我國(guó)古代大學(xué)形成了與行業(yè)的初步聯(lián)系，但我國(guó)行業(yè)特色高校的產(chǎn)生，則是與我國(guó)近代高等教育的發(fā)展相伴而行的。新中國(guó)誕生后進(jìn)行的院系調(diào)整形成了與工業(yè)發(fā)展需求緊密結(jié)合的大學(xué)格局，即高等學(xué)校體系由少數(shù)綜合性大學(xué)和為數(shù)眾多的行業(yè)特色高校構(gòu)成。計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期，以部門辦學(xué)為顯著特征的行業(yè)特色高校支撐了國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)和文化事業(yè)的發(fā)展。社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的確立以后，伴隨著高等教育大眾化進(jìn)程，我國(guó)高等教育宏觀管理體制適應(yīng)經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的需要進(jìn)行了深刻的改革，行業(yè)部門辦學(xué)的體制被打破，高校在大范圍的合并、調(diào)整和重組的同時(shí)，進(jìn)行了規(guī)模擴(kuò)張，很多行業(yè)特色高校在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略定位上經(jīng)歷了游移、迷失、選擇和調(diào)適的過程。這種迷失主要體現(xiàn)為由于學(xué)校發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略定位模糊而產(chǎn)生的疏離行業(yè)特色的“去行業(yè)化”的趨勢(shì)，相應(yīng)地，這種調(diào)適也主要體現(xiàn)為適應(yīng)國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)和高等教育發(fā)展的新形勢(shì)和新任務(wù)的“再行業(yè)化”的取向。半個(gè)多世紀(jì)的發(fā)展歷程中，行業(yè)特色高校經(jīng)歷了新中國(guó)成立初期蓬勃發(fā)展的輝煌階段，也面臨我國(guó)在新世紀(jì)由高等教育大國(guó)邁向高等教育強(qiáng)國(guó)進(jìn)程中實(shí)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展新的戰(zhàn)略選擇。 行業(yè)特色高校在國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的過程中，有著難得的機(jī)遇和優(yōu)勢(shì)，同時(shí)也面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)和自身存在的劣勢(shì)。行業(yè)特色高校在長(zhǎng)期面向行業(yè)培養(yǎng)大批的專門人才，擁有善于解決行業(yè)技術(shù)難題和豐富實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的科研隊(duì)伍，具有與行業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)密切的產(chǎn)學(xué)研合作背景，形成了特色鮮明的學(xué)科優(yōu)勢(shì)和人才培養(yǎng)優(yōu)勢(shì)。但學(xué)科相對(duì)單一、基礎(chǔ)學(xué)科相對(duì)薄弱、人才培養(yǎng)模式改革滯后等也是其現(xiàn)實(shí)存在的問題。與此同時(shí)，經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的深刻變革使行業(yè)特色高校與行業(yè)的聯(lián)系有所疏離，行業(yè)特色高校在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)面臨辦學(xué)經(jīng)費(fèi)缺乏以及科研項(xiàng)目減少、學(xué)生實(shí)踐實(shí)訓(xùn)與就業(yè)等受到一定沖擊的嚴(yán)峻形勢(shì)；此外，行業(yè)特色高校辦學(xué)也受到來自國(guó)內(nèi)外一流大學(xué)乃至同層次高校的強(qiáng)力競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，面臨著多元化人才質(zhì)量觀的挑戰(zhàn)以及宏觀政策環(huán)境有待改善等因素的制約。 制約行業(yè)特色高校發(fā)展的因素是復(fù)雜的，內(nèi)部因素與外部因素交織。行業(yè)特色高校的發(fā)展除了受經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)、政府支持程度、高等教育政策等宏觀條件影響，也與其所依托的相關(guān)行業(yè)自身的發(fā)展變化即行業(yè)景氣度、學(xué)校所處地域條件及所在地方行業(yè)發(fā)展需求狀況密切相關(guān)。除此之外，行業(yè)特色高校自身的辦學(xué)定位、發(fā)展規(guī)劃、人才培養(yǎng)、科學(xué)研究、學(xué)科建設(shè)、社會(huì)服務(wù)及內(nèi)部治理也更加深刻地影響著學(xué)校的發(fā)展和戰(zhàn)略取向。運(yùn)用層次分析法對(duì)行業(yè)特色型高校戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展的諸多影響因素進(jìn)行的實(shí)證分析發(fā)現(xiàn)：學(xué)校面臨的宏觀政策環(huán)境，學(xué)校所處的內(nèi)部和外部條件，人才培養(yǎng)的目標(biāo)、模式和機(jī)制，科學(xué)研究和學(xué)科建設(shè)以及學(xué)校發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的主體選擇等因素，雖然對(duì)于學(xué)校發(fā)展的影響強(qiáng)度不一，但在行業(yè)特色高校發(fā)展過程中卻都是不可忽視的。 基于上述對(duì)行業(yè)特色高校轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展形勢(shì)及影響因素的分析，本文認(rèn)為，國(guó)家應(yīng)當(dāng)從宏觀上完善對(duì)行業(yè)特色高校發(fā)展的政策環(huán)境，把行業(yè)特色高校的發(fā)展納入國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展體系予以重視。行業(yè)特色高校則應(yīng)主動(dòng)適應(yīng)國(guó)家、行業(yè)和區(qū)域的戰(zhàn)略需求實(shí)現(xiàn)自身的發(fā)展。從外部來看，必須全面審視學(xué)校發(fā)展所面臨的戰(zhàn)略態(tài)勢(shì)，包括國(guó)家現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)對(duì)高等教育提出的新要求，高等教育改革發(fā)展帶來的高等學(xué)校激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的新格局，學(xué)校所處的行業(yè)和地方在改革發(fā)展過程中呈現(xiàn)的新情況等，根據(jù)自身的實(shí)際情況確定自身的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略，搶抓機(jī)遇，迎接挑戰(zhàn)，發(fā)揮自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，克服自身的弱點(diǎn)，跟上時(shí)代步伐，不斷提高辦學(xué)水平和辦學(xué)效益。從內(nèi)部來看，必須遵循高等學(xué)校辦學(xué)規(guī)律，堅(jiān)持科學(xué)定位，彰顯辦學(xué)優(yōu)勢(shì)，構(gòu)建創(chuàng)新型人才培養(yǎng)體系，，加強(qiáng)科學(xué)研究與學(xué)科建設(shè)，完善學(xué)校的治理結(jié)構(gòu)、制度與文化環(huán)境，提高學(xué)校的核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，協(xié)調(diào)內(nèi)部戰(zhàn)略互動(dòng)，形成與行業(yè)及區(qū)域穩(wěn)定的共建機(jī)制，促進(jìn)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新�？傊�，行業(yè)特色高校在發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略選擇上，必須堅(jiān)持走內(nèi)涵發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、特色發(fā)展之路。
[Abstract]:China is in the process of moving from higher education power to higher education power. The industry characteristic university is an indispensable and irreplaceable important part of the Chinese characteristic higher education system, and has remarkable characteristics and advantages. As a natural connection with the industry, the industry-featured universities have the unique advantages of the university type, and its development has an irreplaceable role in promoting the industrial and technological progress of the industry and the construction of the national innovation system. The disciplines of specialized colleges and universities in the industry mainly relate to the strategic areas of national economy and people's livelihood and national core competitiveness. The development and connotation, quality and level of the industry characteristic colleges and universities are the major strategic topics which must be paid attention to in the development of higher education science in our country. Based on the basic trend of the reform and development of higher education in our country, this paper adheres to the principles of combining theory and practice, history and reality, applying comparative advantage theory and competitive advantage theory, convergence theory, collaboration theory and cooperative innovation theory and SWOT analysis method and analytic hierarchy process. This paper makes an analysis of the strategic development of the characteristics of the industry, especially the development dilemma of the university in the period of institutional transformation, the current situation of the development of the new period, and the internal and external factors which influence their strategic development, and on the basis of this, This paper puts forward the basic countermeasures to meet the demands of the new situation and realize their strategic development. The development of university is closely related to the division of labor Relevant. The demand of talent and technology in all walks of life has promoted the development of university and morphology. No matter in western countries or in China, universities are closely related to social production at the beginning of their production In the west, modern universities are composed of guild members. With the development of industrialization and modernization, universities and all walks of life have established thousands of strands With the development of modern higher education in China, China's ancient universities have formed a preliminary connection with the industry, but the development of Chinese characteristic universities is associated with the development of modern higher education in China. After the birth of the new China, the department adjustment formed the university pattern closely combined with the industrial development demand, that is, the system of institutions of higher learning is composed of a few comprehensive universities and a large number of specialized colleges and universities Constituted. During the planned economy period, the department running a school as a prominent feature has supported the country's economic and social and cultural undertakings After the establishment of the socialist market economy system, with the popularization of higher education, the macro-management system of higher education in our country adapts to the needs of the economic foundation, and the system of the industry department is broken. At the same time, the scale expansion has been carried out at the same time of merger, adjustment and reorganization, and many specialized colleges and universities have experienced the movement, loss, selection and adjustment in the development strategy orientation. Process. This kind of loss is mainly embodied in the new industry due to the ambiguity of the school's development strategy. Featured "Go-Line" This adjustment is also mainly reflected in the new situation and new situation adapting to the modernization of the country and the development of higher education. task's" re-task "industry-oriented In the course of the development of more than half a century, the characteristic universities of the industry have gone through the brilliant stage of the development of new China, and also face the new strategy of realizing the transformation and development in the process of the great power of higher education in the new century. It has a rare opportunity and advantage in the course of national economic and social development, and also faces new challenges and self. In the long-term, the industry-characteristic colleges and universities have developed a large number of scientific research teams in the long-term oriented industry, have a scientific research team that is good at solving the technical problems and rich practical experience in the industry, and have the background of industry-research and research cooperation closely with the industry industry, and have formed distinctive academic advantages and people. However, the discipline is relatively simple, the basic subject is relatively weak, the training mode reform is lagging behind, and so on is its reality. At the same time, the profound change of economy and society has made the connection between university and industry of the industry characteristic, the industry characteristic colleges and universities face the shortage of running funds for a period of time and the decrease of scientific research projects, the students' practical training and employment, and so on, have been severely impacted In addition, the running of the industry characteristic universities is also influenced by the strong competition from domestic and foreign universities and even the same level colleges and universities, facing the challenge of diversified talent quality view and the improvement of macro policy environment. The factors that restrict the development of the industry-specific universities are complex and internal. In addition to the foundation of economic and social development, the government's support degree, the higher education policy and so on, the development of the relevant industry itself depends on the development of economy and society The change is the industry sentiment degree, the geographical conditions at the school and the development of the local industry Besides, the development planning, talent training, scientific research, subject construction, social service and internal governance of the university's own universities have more profound influence on schools. The development and strategic orientation of the university's strategic development are analyzed by means of analytic hierarchy process. The results show that the macro-policy environment, the internal and external conditions of the school, and the training of personnel are found in the paper. The objective, mode and mechanism, scientific research and discipline construction, and the subject choice of the school development strategy, etc., although the impact strength of the school development is not one, but in the course of the development of the industry characteristic university It is not negligible. Based on the above analysis of the development situation and influencing factors of the transformation and development of the industry characteristic universities, the paper holds that the state should perfect the policy environment for the development of the industry characteristic universities from the macro level, and integrate the development of the industry characteristic universities into the country. Attention should be paid to the development system of domestic strategy. The industry-characteristic universities should actively adapt to the national, industry and regional In view of the external view, it is necessary to comprehensively review the strategic situation faced by the development of the school, including the new requirements put forward by the country's modernization construction and the development of higher education reform. The new pattern of fierce competition in schools, the new situation in the course of the reform and development of the industry and the local place at the school, determines its own long-term development strategy according to the actual situation of itself, seize the opportunity, meet the challenge, play its own advantage, and overcome the self-reliance. Weakness of the body, keep up with the pace of the times, keep pace with the times In the light of the internal view, it is necessary to follow the law of running schools in colleges and universities, adhere to scientific orientation, demonstrate the advantages of running schools, build innovative talents training system, strengthen scientific research and discipline construction, improve the governance structure, system and cultural environment of schools. Improve the core competitiveness of the school, coordinate internal strategic interaction, and form a stable relationship with the industry and the region In a word, in the development of strategic choice, industry-specific universities must adhere to the development of connotation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)礦業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G649.2

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