現(xiàn)代美國兒童教育福利政策研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-11 21:37
【摘要】：隨著美國反貧困運動、民權運動、種族歧視運動的開展,追求平等受教育的權利成為民眾迫切的需求。聯(lián)邦政府通過加大對兒童教育的資助力度來緩解社會的種族歧視等問題,美國兒童教育福利政策為滿足社會需求而得到發(fā)展。經過幾十年的不斷完善,美國兒童教育福利政策發(fā)展趨于成熟,取得了顯著的成效,對我國兒童教育福利政策發(fā)展有很重要的借鑒意義。兒童教育對兒童身心健全發(fā)展、對打破貧困代際傳遞,對國家發(fā)展都有很重要的作用。本研究以兒童教育福利政策相關理論為基礎,梳理了美國兒童教育福利政策的發(fā)展歷程,同時通過個案研究對美國兒童教育福利項目的實施狀況進行了初探,進而分析了美國兒童教育福利政策的發(fā)展趨勢。基于對美國兒童教育福利政策的了解和認識,提出對我國相關政策制定和實施的建議。本研究的基本內容如下:導論,從問題緣起出發(fā),指出兒童福利事業(yè)在各個國家中占有的地位,美國兒童教育福利政策的發(fā)展情況及我國相關政策的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀。本研究在大量查閱兒童教育福利政策相關資料基礎上,對社會福利、教育福利、兒童教育福利政策等核心概念進行界定,并對中美兒童教育福利政策的歷史發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀、發(fā)展趨勢等方面進行綜述,為本研究提供借鑒和啟示。導論中還明晰了研究方法及研究意義。第一章,美國兒童教育福利政策的理論基礎。馬歇爾公民權理論要求人們關注兒童的權利,從而促進社會公平,為本研究提供了法學基礎;羅爾斯正義論提出補償教育公平理論,為本研究提供了倫理學基礎;木桶理論認為應關注群體中的"短板",其可決定整體水平素質,為教師培訓和貧困兒童教育福利政策研究提供了管理學基礎;全納教育思想關注處境不利)兒童與普通兒童的融合,為本研究提供了教育學基礎。第二章,現(xiàn)代美國兒童教育福利政策的演變。二戰(zhàn)后,美國兒童教育福利政策開始萌芽。隨著美國經濟的快速發(fā)展,兒童教育福利政策不斷完善,經歷了初步萌芽階段,快速發(fā)展階段,完善成熟階段。兒童教育福利政策從最初為了滿足國家戰(zhàn)略需求的天才教育傾向發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在為了讓所有兒童平等接受教育的公平教育傾向。第三章,現(xiàn)代美國兒童教育福利政策的實施。美國兒童教育福利政策的實施大部分是通過兒童教育福利項目的實施來實現(xiàn)的。通過對美國兒童教育影響范圍最廣的教育福利項目——開端計劃項目相關工作人員進行訪談,從微觀視角來分析美國兒童教育福利政策的實施狀況。第四章,現(xiàn)代美國兒童教育福利政策的發(fā)展趨勢�；诿绹鴥和逃＠邭v史演變和實施狀況,總結出了其發(fā)展趨勢:政府在兒童教育福利政策發(fā)展中占據(jù)主導地位;旨在保障兒童的受教育權利,促進教育公平;強調家長參與兒童教育的權利;評估是政策實施質量的重要保障手段。第五章,現(xiàn)代美國兒童教育福利政策對我國的啟示。對我國相關政策現(xiàn)狀認識的基礎上,提出美國兒童教育福利政策對我國的啟示:針對兒童教育福利專門立法;政策實施加強與第三方組織的合作;政策制定優(yōu)先保障處境不利兒童的教育福利;建立政策評估體系;重視家長參與兒童教育活動。
[Abstract]:With the development of anti-poverty movement, civil rights movement and racial discrimination movement in the United States, the pursuit of equal access to education has become an urgent need of the people. In the past ten years, the development of American children's education welfare policy has become mature and achieved remarkable results, which is of great significance to the development of China's children's education welfare policy. On the basis of relevant theories of interest policy, this paper combs the development course of American children's education welfare policy, probes into the implementation of American children's education welfare program through case study, and then analyzes the development trend of American children's education welfare policy. The basic contents of this study are as follows: Introduction, starting from the origin of the problem, points out the status of children's welfare in various countries, the development of children's education welfare policy in the United States and the development of relevant policies in China. On the basis of relevant data, this paper defines the core concepts of social welfare, educational welfare, and child education welfare policy, and summarizes the historical development, current situation and development trend of China and the United States'child education welfare policy, providing reference and Enlightenment for this study. Marshall's theory of citizenship requires people to pay attention to children's rights and promote social fairness, which provides a legal basis for this study; Rawls'theory of justice puts forward the theory of compensatory education fairness, which provides an ethical basis for this study; cask theory holds that attention should be paid to the "short board" in groups, which can be decided. The overall level of quality provides a management basis for teacher training and the study of educational welfare policies for poor children; inclusive education focuses on disadvantaged children) and the integration of ordinary children, providing a pedagogical basis for this study. Chapter 2: Evolution of modern American child education welfare policy. American child education welfare policy after World War II With the rapid development of American economy, the policy of children's education and welfare has been perfected continuously. It has gone through the initial stage, the rapid development stage and the mature stage. Chapter Three, the implementation of the modern American child education welfare policy. The implementation of the American child education welfare policy is mostly achieved through the implementation of child education welfare programs. The fourth chapter is the development trend of modern American children's education welfare policy. Based on the historical evolution and implementation of American children's education welfare policy, this paper summarizes its development trend: the government plays a dominant role in the development of children's education welfare policy; it aims to protect children. The fifth chapter is the Enlightenment of the modern American child education welfare policy to our country. On the basis of the understanding of the current situation of our country's relevant policies, this paper puts forward the Enlightenment of the American child education welfare policy to our country: Special legislation on children's education and welfare; policy implementation to strengthen cooperation with third-party organizations; policy formulation to give priority to the protection of education and welfare of disadvantaged children; the establishment of a policy evaluation system; and the importance of parents'participation in children's education activities.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G571.2
本文編號：2237924
[Abstract]:With the development of anti-poverty movement, civil rights movement and racial discrimination movement in the United States, the pursuit of equal access to education has become an urgent need of the people. In the past ten years, the development of American children's education welfare policy has become mature and achieved remarkable results, which is of great significance to the development of China's children's education welfare policy. On the basis of relevant theories of interest policy, this paper combs the development course of American children's education welfare policy, probes into the implementation of American children's education welfare program through case study, and then analyzes the development trend of American children's education welfare policy. The basic contents of this study are as follows: Introduction, starting from the origin of the problem, points out the status of children's welfare in various countries, the development of children's education welfare policy in the United States and the development of relevant policies in China. On the basis of relevant data, this paper defines the core concepts of social welfare, educational welfare, and child education welfare policy, and summarizes the historical development, current situation and development trend of China and the United States'child education welfare policy, providing reference and Enlightenment for this study. Marshall's theory of citizenship requires people to pay attention to children's rights and promote social fairness, which provides a legal basis for this study; Rawls'theory of justice puts forward the theory of compensatory education fairness, which provides an ethical basis for this study; cask theory holds that attention should be paid to the "short board" in groups, which can be decided. The overall level of quality provides a management basis for teacher training and the study of educational welfare policies for poor children; inclusive education focuses on disadvantaged children) and the integration of ordinary children, providing a pedagogical basis for this study. Chapter 2: Evolution of modern American child education welfare policy. American child education welfare policy after World War II With the rapid development of American economy, the policy of children's education and welfare has been perfected continuously. It has gone through the initial stage, the rapid development stage and the mature stage. Chapter Three, the implementation of the modern American child education welfare policy. The implementation of the American child education welfare policy is mostly achieved through the implementation of child education welfare programs. The fourth chapter is the development trend of modern American children's education welfare policy. Based on the historical evolution and implementation of American children's education welfare policy, this paper summarizes its development trend: the government plays a dominant role in the development of children's education welfare policy; it aims to protect children. The fifth chapter is the Enlightenment of the modern American child education welfare policy to our country. On the basis of the understanding of the current situation of our country's relevant policies, this paper puts forward the Enlightenment of the American child education welfare policy to our country: Special legislation on children's education and welfare; policy implementation to strengthen cooperation with third-party organizations; policy formulation to give priority to the protection of education and welfare of disadvantaged children; the establishment of a policy evaluation system; and the importance of parents'participation in children's education activities.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G571.2
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