印度東北邊疆治理研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-17 20:03
【摘要】：“邊疆”是以國(guó)家主權(quán)為核心,以國(guó)家認(rèn)同為紐帶,以國(guó)家利益為取向,集政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化、社會(huì)等綜合因素于一體的鄰近國(guó)家邊界的地域。邊疆地區(qū)出現(xiàn)的各種社會(huì)問題統(tǒng)稱為邊疆問題,而解決邊疆問題的過程稱為“邊疆治理”。印度東北邊疆是印度最為重要和獨(dú)特的地區(qū)之一。該地區(qū)地緣政治復(fù)雜多變、安全形勢(shì)敏感脆弱、周邊局勢(shì)緊張嚴(yán)峻,社會(huì)文化復(fù)雜多元。長(zhǎng)期以來印度東北邊疆以民族沖突不斷、移民問題突出、恐怖主義泛濫、經(jīng)濟(jì)長(zhǎng)期落后凋敝著稱,歷來是印度政府、區(qū)域內(nèi)各國(guó)以及國(guó)際社會(huì)高度關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)。印度獨(dú)立以后,中央政府在不同時(shí)期對(duì)東北邊疆制定了若干個(gè)政策：獨(dú)立初期推行“尼赫魯-艾爾溫政策框架”,1962年“中印邊境戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”以后開始關(guān)注東北邊疆的安全防守,1971年頒布《印度東北部重組法案》,啟動(dòng)?xùn)|北邊疆的政治重組進(jìn)程；冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,開始實(shí)施“東向政策”,印度東北邊疆迎來前所未有的發(fā)展機(jī)遇。在政治治理方面,印度對(duì)東北邊疆劃定了行政區(qū)劃,設(shè)立了立法與行政機(jī)構(gòu),成立了多層次的地方自治機(jī)構(gòu),遏制了民族分離主義組織的行動(dòng),整體安全局勢(shì)好轉(zhuǎn)；在安全治理方面,經(jīng)歷了“從忽視到重視”、“從孤立到合作”、“從混亂到集中”的歷史沿革,逐漸確立起明確的國(guó)家安全戰(zhàn)略,如今東北邊疆整體安全局勢(shì)已趨于穩(wěn)定,社會(huì)暴亂程度明顯減弱；在經(jīng)濟(jì)治理方面,印度強(qiáng)調(diào)“區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展”,中央和地方政府投入了大量資金,針對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)、服務(wù)業(yè)各領(lǐng)域的現(xiàn)狀與問題,制定了不同的發(fā)展策略,整體經(jīng)濟(jì)與各產(chǎn)業(yè)均得到一定程度的發(fā)展；在社會(huì)文化治理方面,印度著重完善了基層醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系建設(shè),加大了對(duì)東北邊疆教育發(fā)展的扶持力度,積極推動(dòng)?xùn)|北邊疆的多渠道就業(yè),為邊疆發(fā)展與穩(wěn)定夯實(shí)了社會(huì)文化基礎(chǔ)。通過對(duì)印度東北邊疆各方面治理的分析,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)印度東北邊疆治理以實(shí)現(xiàn)東北邊疆和平與繁榮為目標(biāo),形成一套多元主體解決多重問題、充分保護(hù)部落民權(quán)益、注重國(guó)際合作的邊疆治理新路徑。同時(shí),也發(fā)現(xiàn)印度東北邊疆治理還存在基層自治機(jī)構(gòu)治理不利,犯罪量居高不下,行政管理程序缺乏透明度、官僚階層腐敗嚴(yán)重,基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)緩慢,無法滿足日益增長(zhǎng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需求等問題。在對(duì)印度東北邊疆治理進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究以后,總結(jié)了關(guān)于邊疆治理的一些普遍規(guī)律,以期對(duì)我國(guó)或其他國(guó)家相關(guān)的邊疆治理提供一定有益的借鑒或啟示。特別對(duì)印度非法侵占中國(guó)藏南地區(qū)的情況進(jìn)行了分析,提出了我方應(yīng)有的戰(zhàn)略準(zhǔn)備。最后提出了擴(kuò)大我國(guó)與印度東北邊疆的經(jīng)濟(jì)合作,逐步推進(jìn)孟中印緬經(jīng)濟(jì)走廊建設(shè)的幾點(diǎn)思考。
[Abstract]:"Frontier" is a region with national sovereignty as its core, national identity as its link, national interests as its orientation, political, economic, military, cultural, social and other comprehensive factors. All kinds of social problems in frontier areas are called frontier problems, and the process of solving border problems is called "border governance". The northeast border of India is one of the most important and unique areas in India. The geopolitical situation of the region is complex and changeable, the security situation is sensitive and fragile, the surrounding situation is tense and serious, and the social culture is complex and diverse. For a long time, the northeast border of India has been famous for its continuous ethnic conflicts, outstanding immigration problems, widespread terrorism and long-term economic backwardness. It has always been a hot spot that the Indian government, regional countries and the international community have paid close attention to. After India became independent, The central government has formulated several policies on the northeast frontier in different periods: in the early days of independence, the "Nehru-Elwin Policy Framework" was carried out; after "the Sino-Indian Border War" in 1962, the government began to pay attention to the security and defense of the Northeast Frontier, which was issued in 1971. (B) the "Northeast India restructuring Act", starting the process of political reorganization in the Northeast Frontier; After the end of the Cold War, it began to implement the "eastward policy", and the northeast border of India ushered in unprecedented development opportunities. In the aspect of political governance, India delimited administrative divisions, set up legislative and administrative organs, set up multi-level local self-government organizations, restrained the actions of ethnic separatist organizations, and improved the overall security situation. In the aspect of security governance, after the historical evolution of "from neglect to attention", "from isolation to cooperation" and "from chaos to concentration", a clear national security strategy was gradually established. Now the overall security situation in the Northeast border area has tended to stabilize. In terms of economic governance, India has emphasized "coordinated regional development", and the central and local governments have invested a great deal of money to deal with the current situation and problems in agriculture, industry and services. Different development strategies have been formulated, the overall economy and various industries have been developed to a certain extent. In terms of social and cultural governance, India has focused on improving the construction of the primary medical and health service system. It has strengthened the support for the development of education in the Northeast Frontier, actively promoted the employment of the Northeast Frontier through multiple channels, and consolidated the social and cultural foundation for the development and stability of the Frontier. Based on the analysis of the governance of the Northeast Indian Frontier, we can find that the Northeastern Indian Frontier Governance aims at realizing the peace and prosperity of the Northeast Frontier, forms a set of pluralistic subjects to solve the multiple problems, and fully protects the rights and interests of the Buraku. Pay attention to the new path of international cooperation in border area management. At the same time, it has also been found that the governance of the northeast border areas of India is also unfavourable to the governance of grass-roots autonomous institutions, with high levels of crime, lack of transparency in administrative procedures, serious corruption among the bureaucratic class, and slow infrastructure construction. Unable to meet the growing demand for economic development and other problems. After a systematic study on the governance of the northeast border of India, this paper summarizes some general laws of the governance of the frontier, in order to provide some useful reference or enlightenment to the border governance of our country or other countries. In particular, the situation of India's illegal occupation of southern Tibet in China is analyzed, and our strategic preparations are put forward. Finally, some thoughts on expanding the economic cooperation between China and the northeast border area of India and gradually promoting the construction of the economic corridor between Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D735.1
，
本文編號(hào)：2188746
[Abstract]:"Frontier" is a region with national sovereignty as its core, national identity as its link, national interests as its orientation, political, economic, military, cultural, social and other comprehensive factors. All kinds of social problems in frontier areas are called frontier problems, and the process of solving border problems is called "border governance". The northeast border of India is one of the most important and unique areas in India. The geopolitical situation of the region is complex and changeable, the security situation is sensitive and fragile, the surrounding situation is tense and serious, and the social culture is complex and diverse. For a long time, the northeast border of India has been famous for its continuous ethnic conflicts, outstanding immigration problems, widespread terrorism and long-term economic backwardness. It has always been a hot spot that the Indian government, regional countries and the international community have paid close attention to. After India became independent, The central government has formulated several policies on the northeast frontier in different periods: in the early days of independence, the "Nehru-Elwin Policy Framework" was carried out; after "the Sino-Indian Border War" in 1962, the government began to pay attention to the security and defense of the Northeast Frontier, which was issued in 1971. (B) the "Northeast India restructuring Act", starting the process of political reorganization in the Northeast Frontier; After the end of the Cold War, it began to implement the "eastward policy", and the northeast border of India ushered in unprecedented development opportunities. In the aspect of political governance, India delimited administrative divisions, set up legislative and administrative organs, set up multi-level local self-government organizations, restrained the actions of ethnic separatist organizations, and improved the overall security situation. In the aspect of security governance, after the historical evolution of "from neglect to attention", "from isolation to cooperation" and "from chaos to concentration", a clear national security strategy was gradually established. Now the overall security situation in the Northeast border area has tended to stabilize. In terms of economic governance, India has emphasized "coordinated regional development", and the central and local governments have invested a great deal of money to deal with the current situation and problems in agriculture, industry and services. Different development strategies have been formulated, the overall economy and various industries have been developed to a certain extent. In terms of social and cultural governance, India has focused on improving the construction of the primary medical and health service system. It has strengthened the support for the development of education in the Northeast Frontier, actively promoted the employment of the Northeast Frontier through multiple channels, and consolidated the social and cultural foundation for the development and stability of the Frontier. Based on the analysis of the governance of the Northeast Indian Frontier, we can find that the Northeastern Indian Frontier Governance aims at realizing the peace and prosperity of the Northeast Frontier, forms a set of pluralistic subjects to solve the multiple problems, and fully protects the rights and interests of the Buraku. Pay attention to the new path of international cooperation in border area management. At the same time, it has also been found that the governance of the northeast border areas of India is also unfavourable to the governance of grass-roots autonomous institutions, with high levels of crime, lack of transparency in administrative procedures, serious corruption among the bureaucratic class, and slow infrastructure construction. Unable to meet the growing demand for economic development and other problems. After a systematic study on the governance of the northeast border of India, this paper summarizes some general laws of the governance of the frontier, in order to provide some useful reference or enlightenment to the border governance of our country or other countries. In particular, the situation of India's illegal occupation of southern Tibet in China is analyzed, and our strategic preparations are put forward. Finally, some thoughts on expanding the economic cooperation between China and the northeast border area of India and gradually promoting the construction of the economic corridor between Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D735.1
，
本文編號(hào)：2188746
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