【摘要】：由于在長期的歷史發(fā)展過程中,在世界范圍內(nèi)曾普遍地存在著男權(quán)制的社會制度與文化,一直在社會性別制度乃至整個社會權(quán)利關(guān)系、社會文化意識的建構(gòu)中,形成了限制女性以第二性的社會位置而存在的社會意識形態(tài),導(dǎo)致男女兩性一直在參與高等教育中存在事實(shí)上的明顯的性別不平等問題。在高等教育領(lǐng)域,自從西方女權(quán)運(yùn)動興起以后,女性才逐步獲得參與高等教育的機(jī)會,但時至今日還仍存有許多社會性別偏差問題或性別不平等問題。目前我國高等學(xué)校中的社會性別偏差問題或性別不平等問題并未得到實(shí)質(zhì)上的解決,其不良后果從某種程度上衡量或許正日益突出。在高等教育大眾化發(fā)展的今天,如何有效地消解高等教育中的性別歧視等性別不平等問題以促進(jìn)高等教育中的性別平等發(fā)展,既是一個重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)社會問題,也是一個重要的教育理論與實(shí)踐問題。目前,性別平等發(fā)展作為人本發(fā)展的根本要求,是最基本的權(quán)利關(guān)系訴求,是衡量一個民族或社會能否發(fā)展的重要尺度和標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而高等教育的性別平等是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會性別平等發(fā)展的重要目標(biāo)之一。因此,圍繞研究高等學(xué)校中的性別不平等問題而關(guān)注大學(xué)生的社會性別意識教育問題,分析社會性別意識教育對于重構(gòu)高校中廣大學(xué)生尤其是高師院校學(xué)生、教師以及管理者的性別社會價值觀的意義,探討高校中實(shí)施性別意識教育,從意識形態(tài)和人文素養(yǎng)的塑造入手逐步解構(gòu)高校中的社會性別偏差或不平等問題,消除性別偏見、性別刻板印象等在高校教育中的潛在不利影響是非常必要的,有利于促進(jìn)高等教育性別平等發(fā)展,推進(jìn)男女平等基本國策在高校教育領(lǐng)域的貫徹落實(shí)。本研究從社會性別視角透視我國目前高等學(xué)校中主要存在的社會性別偏差問題或性別不平等現(xiàn)象,重點(diǎn)探索了導(dǎo)致高等學(xué)校中的社會性別偏差問題和影響高校教育性別平等發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵因素,闡明將社會性別意識教育納入高校人才培養(yǎng)體系的重要意義、必要性、可行性,提出將社會性別意識教育納入高校人才培養(yǎng)體系的理性層面與實(shí)踐層面的構(gòu)想,力求為新時代下高校德育與綜合素質(zhì)教育改革、高等教育教師教育改革以及推動高等教育性別平等、構(gòu)建先進(jìn)性別文化提供依據(jù)和啟示。 社會性別與發(fā)展理論結(jié)合教育性別平等理念是本研究的重要理論基點(diǎn)。社會性別與發(fā)展理論尤其關(guān)注運(yùn)用性別分析探索兩性發(fā)展中的不平等性偏差和歧視,為解讀和審視人類的知識體系和性別觀念提供了新的研究視角和分析方法,其主張和采用的社會性別分析方法現(xiàn)已成為改變不公平的社會性別結(jié)構(gòu)、促進(jìn)兩性共同發(fā)展的有力工具。在研究和解決高等教育性別偏差問題時,社會性別與發(fā)展理論為之提供了新的理論支點(diǎn)和研究視角。本研究以社會性別作為探查教育問題的重要分析手段,將社會性別視角和教育性別偏差問題有機(jī)結(jié)合,多角度深入剖析了當(dāng)前制約我國高校教育性別不平等發(fā)展的主要問題及其實(shí)質(zhì),并發(fā)現(xiàn)解決高等教育性別偏差問題的主要著力點(diǎn)和突破口。本研究采用文獻(xiàn)法和社會性別分析法,在研究中凸顯性別向度,立足于我國高等教育性別平等發(fā)展的實(shí)際進(jìn)行了深入分析和研究。 本研究主要內(nèi)容包括五章。第一章圍繞將社會性別偏差作為社會問題的厘清,基于女性主義視角進(jìn)行社會性別的本質(zhì)闡釋,從社會性別觀念的創(chuàng)生入手,分析了社會性別為何是反映和解析社會問題的重要范疇,以及社會性別的建構(gòu)機(jī)制與成因；重點(diǎn)探討了社會性別偏差問題的實(shí)質(zhì),社會性別偏差問題的產(chǎn)生與性別偏差具象；圍繞分析中國傳統(tǒng)性別制度、性別文化對社會性別偏差問題的建構(gòu),揭示社會性別偏差問題在中國歷史中的展延以及在現(xiàn)代中國中的客觀存在情況。第二章圍繞社會性別如何作為教育問題的詮釋,指出社會性別偏差問題是構(gòu)成教育問題的重要因素與分析教育問題的重要向度；進(jìn)一步揭示社會性別偏差問題用以解析高等教育公平問題的意蘊(yùn),基于社會性別視域探析高等教育中的社會性別偏差問題,摭采社會性別視角透視出的高等學(xué)校中的社會性別偏差問題眾象,重點(diǎn)探析了高等學(xué)校中的社會性別偏差問題的主要表現(xiàn)、導(dǎo)致高等學(xué)校中的社會性別偏差問題的主要因素和解決問題的主要對策。第三章圍繞探析高校實(shí)施社會性別意識教育的意蘊(yùn)及其價值,分析了社會性別意識及其形成,探討了當(dāng)代大學(xué)生社會性別意識現(xiàn)狀,社會性別意識教育的意蘊(yùn),以及高校中實(shí)施社會性別意識教育的教育價值與社會價值。第四章圍繞社會性別意識教育已有的發(fā)展概況,比較分析了國外社會性別意識教育的發(fā)展概況及經(jīng)驗(yàn)啟示,國內(nèi)高校社會性別意識教育發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題；論證了突出社會性別意識教育的女子高校在推動高校性別意識教育中的特殊作用,以及國內(nèi)外女子高校進(jìn)行社會性別意識教育的特色示范與實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第五章重點(diǎn)圍繞我國高校實(shí)施社會性別意識教育的主要目標(biāo)與措施,探討建構(gòu)高校德育的性別意識培養(yǎng)向度、賦予高校專業(yè)人才綜合素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)以性別意識、將性別意識教育納入高師教育主流體系、彰顯性別問題學(xué)術(shù)研究、推動性別意識教育的教育行政管理和規(guī)范性別課程體系建設(shè)問題；提出建構(gòu)社會性別發(fā)展性高校德育模式,在高校人才培養(yǎng)方案中建構(gòu)性別意識通識教育和在教師教育中實(shí)施性別意識教育的主要措施。 本研究認(rèn)為,社會性別偏差問題是作為社會問題的客觀實(shí)在,是諸多社會問題的構(gòu)成成分,是反映和解析社會問題的重要范疇。性別首先是人類基本社會制度形成的基石,社會性別的影響和作用存在于整個社會所有的制度、機(jī)制、組織與行為之中。社會性別偏差問題作為社會問題而存在,表現(xiàn)為兩性在基本的社會關(guān)系中尤其是社會權(quán)力關(guān)系上出現(xiàn)了人為的不公正、不平等的性別區(qū)隔,集中反映在社會各個領(lǐng)域中的社會性別偏差與性別不平等問題。社會性別偏差問題展延在中國漫長歷史中也依然是現(xiàn)代中國中的客觀實(shí)在。社會性別偏差問題是在一定的社會制度體系中以構(gòu)成性別的符號所表達(dá)的社會問題,在本質(zhì)上反映和解釋了性別不平等問題形成與延續(xù)的范式。性別制度因素與性別文化因素是形成社會性別的主要因素,社會性別制度對人施加的影響事實(shí)上是通過性別文化及其影響下的性別觀與性別意識的直接影響得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。其中,性別觀是建構(gòu)性別的價值取向及性別關(guān)系的意識根源。性別偏差問題的社會本質(zhì)在于性別不平等,其形成的直接因素在于傳統(tǒng)的性別文化建構(gòu)形成的社會的與個體的性別觀及性別意識。傳統(tǒng)性別文化境域、性別形成的主要社會化作用者與個體的社會學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)制之間的動態(tài)的循環(huán)交互作用是個體性別的社會差異的心理機(jī)制。同時,社會性別偏差問題也是作為教育問題的客觀實(shí)在,是構(gòu)成教育問題的重要因素與分析教育問題的重要向度。性別平等是構(gòu)成和評價學(xué)校教育公平的重要尺度,是衡量學(xué)校教育人本發(fā)展的自然維度,是評價學(xué)校教育平等的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。教育中的社會性別偏差問題是教育中的最為基本的問題之一。其中,高校教育的性別平等發(fā)展問題既是一個教育公平問題,更是一個影響經(jīng)濟(jì)社會科學(xué)發(fā)展的重大問題。在高校教育現(xiàn)實(shí)中,尚存在諸多事實(shí)上的性別不平等問題。從某種意義上講,高等教育中的社會性別偏差問題集中體現(xiàn)為女性不平等地參與高等教育的問題。即使在我國高等教育大眾化目標(biāo)逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)的當(dāng)下,由于經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、家庭等條件制約和傳統(tǒng)習(xí)慣勢力的影響,我國女性在平等參與高校教育的諸多宏觀或微觀層面上仍嚴(yán)重存在著事實(shí)上的性別偏差問題,女性接受高校教育在數(shù)量、層次和質(zhì)量等方面,在入學(xué)機(jī)會、教育過程、教育結(jié)果和性別意識現(xiàn)狀方面,與男性存在明顯性別偏差。聚焦于高等學(xué)校領(lǐng)域,高校教育社會性別偏差問題主要形成于教育系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部,導(dǎo)致的主要外因在于傳統(tǒng)性別文化觀念。導(dǎo)致高校教育中的社會性別偏差問題和影響高校教育性別平等發(fā)展的潛在的最主要的因素在于教育中的傳統(tǒng)的性別觀念與性別意識,解決上述問題的有效路徑將在于在高等學(xué)校進(jìn)行社會性別意識教育。所以,本研究探究了我國高校性別意識教育正確實(shí)施和發(fā)展應(yīng)該確立的諸如建構(gòu)高校德育的性別意識培養(yǎng)向度、賦予高校專業(yè)人才綜合素質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)以性別意識、將性別意識教育納入高師教育主流體系、彰顯性別問題學(xué)術(shù)研究、加強(qiáng)性別意識教育的教育行政管理、規(guī)范性別課程體系建設(shè)等性別意識教育建設(shè)要件方面的原則與向度,并論證了建構(gòu)實(shí)施性別意識通識教育的社會性別發(fā)展性高校德育模式,建構(gòu)實(shí)施高校性別意識通識教育課程體系的范式和規(guī)范管理高校性別意識教師教育的主體方案構(gòu)想,為推動新時代下高校綜合素質(zhì)教育改革、高師教育改革,規(guī)范建設(shè)高等學(xué)校實(shí)施性別意識教育的各個要件,逐步解構(gòu)、消除高等教育中的性別偏差問題,促進(jìn)高等教育性別平等發(fā)展,構(gòu)建先進(jìn)性別文化,推進(jìn)男女平等基本國策在高等教育領(lǐng)域的貫徹落實(shí),將提供較有力的理論依據(jù)和有效的實(shí)踐參考。 此外,本研究認(rèn)為,未來的高校性別意識教育研究應(yīng)圍繞性別意識教育的教育學(xué)科的學(xué)理建構(gòu)、教學(xué)論層面的理論研究與實(shí)證研究、高師教師教育研究、教材建設(shè)研究以及進(jìn)行性別意識教育效果檢驗(yàn)方面的心理學(xué)實(shí)證研究等進(jìn)行更為深入的探索。
[Abstract]:In the course of long-term historical development, there was a universal social system and culture of patriarchy in the world. It has always been in the social gender system and even the whole social rights relationship. In the construction of social and cultural consciousness, the social ideology that restricts women's secondary social position has been formed, leading to the sex of men and women. There has been a significant gender inequality in higher education. In the field of higher education, since the rise of the Western feminist movement, women have gradually gained the opportunity to participate in higher education. However, there are still many social gender deviations or gender inequalities today. The problem of gender bias or gender inequality has not been solved in a substantial way, and its adverse consequences may be more and more prominent in a way. Today, how to effectively eliminate gender inequality in higher education, such as gender discrimination, to promote gender equality in higher education. Exhibition is not only an important economic and social problem, but also an important problem of educational theory and practice. At present, the development of gender equality is the basic requirement of human development. It is the most basic claim of right relationship. It is an important measure and standard to measure the development of a nation or society, and the gender equality of higher education is the realization of society. One of the important goals of gender equality development is to focus on the problem of gender awareness in college and to analyze the gender awareness education of college students, and to analyze the significance of gender awareness education to the reconstruction of the gender social values of students, teachers and managers in Colleges and universities, especially in Higher Normal Colleges and universities. It is necessary to deconstruct the gender bias or inequality in Colleges and universities, to eliminate gender bias and gender stereotype in Colleges and universities, and to promote gender equality in higher education and promote men and women. The basic national policy of equality is implemented in the field of education in Colleges and universities. This study focuses on the gender bias and gender inequality in our higher schools from the gender perspective, and focuses on the key factors that lead to the gender bias in higher schools and the key factors that affect the gender equality development of Colleges and universities. This paper expounds the importance, necessity and feasibility of bringing the education of gender consciousness into the training system of talents in Colleges and universities, and puts forward the rational and practical aspects of integrating the education of gender consciousness into the training system of talents in Colleges and universities, and strives for the reform of moral education and comprehensive quality education in Colleges and universities in the new era and the reform of higher education teachers' education. And promote gender equality in higher education, and provide the basis and inspiration for building advanced gender culture.
Gender and development theory in combination with the concept of gender equality in education is an important theoretical basis for this study. The theory of gender and development is particularly concerned with the use of gender analysis to explore unequal deviations and discrimination in the development of the sexes, and provides a new perspective and analytical method for reading and examining the knowledge and gender concept of human beings. The method of social gender analysis advocated and adopted has now become a powerful tool to change the unfair social gender structure and promote the common development of the sexes. In the study and solution of the gender bias in higher education, the theory of gender and development provides a new theoretical fulcrum and research perspective. The important analysis means of education problem, combining the social gender perspective with the problem of gender bias in education, analyses the main problems and essence that restrict the development of gender inequality in Higher Education in our country, and finds out the main point and breakthrough of solving the problem of gender bias in higher education. With the method of social gender analysis, the gender orientation is highlighted in the study, and the development of gender equality in Higher Education in China is deeply analyzed and studied.
The main contents of this study include five chapters. The first chapter focuses on the definition of social gender bias as a social problem and the essential interpretation of gender based on the feminist perspective. Starting with the creation of social gender concept, this paper analyzes why social gender is an important category reflecting and analyzing social questions and the construction mechanism of gender. It focuses on the essence of gender bias, the emergence of gender bias and gender bias, and the analysis of Chinese traditional gender system, the construction of gender culture, the extension of gender bias in Chinese history and the objective existence in modern China. In the case of the situation. The second chapter focuses on how social sex is an educational issue, pointing out that gender bias is an important factor in the problem of education and the importance of analysis education, and further reveals the implications of gender bias in the analysis of the problem of equity in higher education, and on the basis of gender perspective. The problem of gender bias in the education of social gender perspective is the main factor in the gender bias in higher schools and the main countermeasures to solve the problem of gender bias in Colleges and universities. The third chapter is the main countermeasures. This paper analyzes the connotation and value of gender awareness education in Colleges and universities, analyzes the social gender consciousness and its formation, probes into the present situation of gender consciousness in contemporary college students, the implication of the education of social gender consciousness, and the educational value and social value of the implementation of gender awareness education in Colleges and universities. The fourth chapter focuses on the social gender meaning. The general situation of the development of knowledge education, the general situation of the development and experience of the education of gender consciousness in foreign countries, the present situation of the development and the existing problems in the education of gender consciousness in domestic colleges and universities, and the special role of women's colleges and universities to promote the education of gender consciousness in Colleges and universities, as well as at home and abroad, are demonstrated. The fifth chapter focuses on the main objectives and measures for the implementation of gender awareness education in Colleges and universities in China, and discusses the development of gender awareness in college moral education, giving the comprehensive quality structure of college professional talents with gender consciousness, and incorporating gender awareness education into the University. The mainstream system of higher normal education highlights the academic research on gender issues, promotes the education administration of gender awareness and standardizing the construction of the gender curriculum system, and proposes the construction of the moral education model of gender development in Colleges and universities, the construction of gender awareness education and the implementation of gender consciousness in Teachers' education. The main measures of breeding.
This study believes that gender bias is an objective reality of social problems, a component of many social problems, an important category to reflect and analyze social problems. Gender is the cornerstone of the basic social system, and the influence and role of gender exist in all social systems, mechanisms, organizations and As a social problem, gender bias exists as a social problem. It shows that there are human injustices in the basic social relations, especially social power relations, unequal gender segregation, and the gender bias and gender inequality in all fields of society. In the long history of China, it is still an objective reality in modern China. The problem of gender bias is a social problem expressed in a certain social system, which is represented by the symbol of sex. In essence, it reflects and explains the model of the formation and continuity of gender inequality. Gender institutional factors and gender cultural factors are in essence. The main factors to form social gender, the influence of gender system on people is realized in fact through gender culture and the direct influence of gender concept and gender consciousness under the influence of sex culture. The direct factors in the formation of inequality lie in the social and individual gender perspectives and gender consciousness formed by the traditional gender culture construction. The dynamic cyclic interaction between the main socialized actors of gender formation and the social learning mechanism of the individual is the psychological mechanism of the social differences of the individual sex. At the same time, the gender bias is also an objective reality of education problems, an important factor which constitutes an important factor in education and the analysis of educational problems. Gender equality is an important measure to form and evaluate the equity of school education. It is a self dimension to measure the development of school education, and is the key index for evaluating the equality of education in schools. The gender bias in education is one of the most basic problems in education. The problem of gender equality in college education is not only a problem of educational equity, but also a major issue affecting the development of economic and social sciences. In the reality of higher education, there are many factual problems of gender inequality. In a sense, the gender bias in higher education is concentrated on the problem of women's unequal participation in higher education. Even at the moment of the gradual realization of the goal of the popularization of higher education in China, because of the constraints of economic, cultural and family conditions and the influence of traditional customary forces, women in our country are equally involved in the education of colleges and universities. There is still a serious problem of gender bias on both macro and micro levels. Women accept college education in terms of quantity, level and quality, and there are obvious gender deviations from men in terms of entrance opportunities, education process, education results and gender consciousness. The main cause of the problem is in the education system. The main external cause lies in the traditional gender culture concept. The most important factor in the gender bias and the gender equality development in higher education lies in the traditional gender concept and sexual consciousness in education, and the effective way to solve these problems will be effective. Therefore, this study explores the correct implementation and development of gender awareness education in Colleges and universities in China, such as the establishment of gender awareness of moral education in Colleges and universities, endow the comprehensive quality structure of college professionals with gender awareness, and bring the education of gender consciousness into the mainstream of higher normal education. The system is to highlight the academic research on gender issues, strengthen the administrative management of gender awareness education, standardize the principles and orientation of gender awareness education, and demonstrate the construction and implementation of gender awareness education mode for the implementation of gender awareness education, and the construction and implementation of gender awareness in Colleges and universities. In order to promote the reform of the comprehensive quality education in the new era, the reform of higher normal education and the standardization of the construction of gender awareness education in higher education institutions, it will gradually deconstruct, eliminate the problem of gender bias in higher education and promote higher education. The development of gender equality in education, the construction of advanced gender culture, and the implementation of the basic national policy of equality between men and women in the field of higher education will provide a more powerful theoretical basis and effective practical reference.
In addition, this study holds that the future study of gender awareness education in Colleges and universities should focus on the construction of the educational discipline of gender consciousness education, theoretical research and empirical research at the level of teaching, the study of teachers' Education in higher normal schools, the research of teaching materials and the psychological empirical research on the effect test of gender consciousness education.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：C913.68

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