【摘要】：長期以來,我國農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移人口的市民化進(jìn)程嚴(yán)重滯后于城鎮(zhèn)化的進(jìn)程,大多數(shù)鄉(xiāng)城移民群體無法在遷入地享有政府提供的基本公共服務(wù),因而也就不能享受到城鎮(zhèn)化和城市經(jīng)濟(jì)增長所帶給他們的紅利。這一狀況表明我國經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展的包容性程度還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,在城鄉(xiāng)之間的分割日益嚴(yán)重、城市中的階級(jí)分化日益明顯、城市新移民與本地市民之間的沖突日益加劇、社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定因素日益增多等社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中,為鄉(xiāng)城移民群體提供有效社會(huì)支持從而幫助其盡早融入城市社會(huì)就顯得尤為迫切。在這一研究領(lǐng)域中,學(xué)術(shù)界以往多把鄉(xiāng)城移民視為一個(gè)整體來討論社會(huì)支持的建構(gòu)方式,卻很少關(guān)注于這一群體內(nèi)部的異質(zhì)性問題,而對(duì)于異質(zhì)性問題的忽略就會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)支持的回應(yīng)缺乏針對(duì)性和精準(zhǔn)度。在此,本論文將從差異化的視角來探討其社會(huì)支持問題,研究的重點(diǎn)議題包括如何界定鄉(xiāng)城移民遷入城市過程中所經(jīng)歷的不同階段,處于不同遷移階段的移民群體在融入城市社會(huì)過程中的需要和訴求有何差異,多元社會(huì)主體在社會(huì)支持體系建構(gòu)中如何有效協(xié)調(diào)以回應(yīng)處于不同遷移階段中的差異化訴求,這些不同的建構(gòu)模式是否具有實(shí)踐運(yùn)作上的可行性和理論上的依據(jù),以及政府的政策和制度應(yīng)當(dāng)如何設(shè)計(jì)才能夠增強(qiáng)政策的包容性以減少對(duì)鄉(xiāng)城移民群體所帶來的社會(huì)排斥效應(yīng)等。本論文按照科學(xué)研究的基本范式,以文獻(xiàn)回顧-方法論-遷移階段的劃分-不同遷移階段的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與訴求分析-社會(huì)支持模式的階段化建構(gòu)-階段化模式建構(gòu)的理論功用-政策分析與啟示為研究主線,依托移民系統(tǒng)理論、移民網(wǎng)絡(luò)理論和社會(huì)資本理論形成研究框架和和方法,具體運(yùn)用了社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析、多元主體分析、案例分析等研究方法對(duì)于資料展開分析,得出以下主要結(jié)論:一是本文依據(jù)我國現(xiàn)有的政策規(guī)定并結(jié)合卡方檢驗(yàn)與Bonferroni校正法,將鄉(xiāng)城移民群體以在城市生活半年和五年為界,分為遷移初始期、遷移發(fā)展期和遷移穩(wěn)定期三個(gè)階段,不同遷移階段的群體在本地社交情況、子女教育、維權(quán)情況、政府公共服務(wù)認(rèn)知等方面的差異較為顯著。二是本文通過對(duì)于不同階段鄉(xiāng)城移民群體的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)針對(duì)處于遷移初始期的移民群體來說,他們?cè)诔鞘械纳鐣?huì)交際網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要集中于基于鄉(xiāng)土關(guān)系中的同鄉(xiāng)、工作場所中的同事和居住場所中的室友和社區(qū)工作人員;針對(duì)處于遷移發(fā)展期的移民群體來說,他們與本地房東、本地社區(qū)、本地朋友之間互動(dòng)的加強(qiáng)表明這一階段中鄉(xiāng)城移民的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與前一階段相比已經(jīng)發(fā)生了明顯變化,他們更加需要在本地實(shí)現(xiàn)安居,更加期待與本地社區(qū)有更深的融入;針對(duì)那些處于遷移穩(wěn)定期鄉(xiāng)城移民群體來說,他們與本地政府、學(xué)校和一些社會(huì)組織之間的互動(dòng)顯得更為頻繁,他們的社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)大都與上述幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn)為中心呈現(xiàn)主動(dòng)向外發(fā)散式的態(tài)勢。三是本文通過對(duì)于社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征的闡發(fā)歸納了不同遷移階段中鄉(xiāng)城移民群體的生活困難與核心訴求。在遷移初始期,他們要承受重構(gòu)和適應(yīng)城市生活的壓力,求職艱辛、社交匱乏的現(xiàn)象較為突出;在遷移發(fā)展期,他們便開始尋求能夠在城市站穩(wěn)腳跟的可能,追求在城市的生活質(zhì)量和居住條件,但是城市中高昂房價(jià)所產(chǎn)生的驅(qū)離效應(yīng)增加了他們被社會(huì)排斥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而作為城中村實(shí)際承租人的他們,卻往往在城市拆遷改造的利益博弈中處于絕對(duì)的弱勢地位;在遷移穩(wěn)定期,他們則對(duì)于改變目前公民身份差序格局的愿望更加強(qiáng)烈,因而享受與城市市民無差別的基本公共服務(wù)是他們?cè)诔鞘猩钪凶畲蟮睦嬖V求,具體體現(xiàn)在子女入學(xué)、戶籍準(zhǔn)入、住房保障享有等方面。四是基于上述社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)特征和生活訴求的階段性差異,筆者認(rèn)為在初始期,以企業(yè)與社區(qū)為中心的協(xié)同能夠成為一種有效的社會(huì)支持模式,前者能夠緩解鄉(xiāng)城移民群體的求職壓力以及提供更多的人文關(guān)懷,后者能夠提供基本的社區(qū)服務(wù)幫助他們?cè)黾訉?duì)于城市社會(huì)的融入感;在遷移發(fā)展期,以政府與社區(qū)為中心的協(xié)同能夠發(fā)揮積極的支持作用,前者主導(dǎo)了公租房的建設(shè)和審批,后者能夠積極參與公租房社區(qū)的日常管理和服務(wù)輸送;在遷移穩(wěn)定期,以政府與社會(huì)組織為中心的協(xié)同是破除現(xiàn)有公民身份差序格局的主要模式,前者能夠通過制度的優(yōu)化為鄉(xiāng)城移民群體平權(quán),后者能夠通過各種項(xiàng)目的開展為鄉(xiāng)城移民群體賦權(quán)。最后,筆者認(rèn)為要正在實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)城移民群體的市民化,最終的途徑還是要提升政府政策設(shè)計(jì)的包容性。因而文章建議,在政策設(shè)計(jì)上要注重前置需求評(píng)估并減少制度性排斥,在手段運(yùn)用上要強(qiáng)化多元協(xié)同以提升社會(huì)支持有效性,在政策評(píng)估上要注重對(duì)于多元包容的社會(huì)風(fēng)氣的引領(lǐng)以促進(jìn)移民群體心理融入。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the citizenization process of our country's agricultural transfer has been seriously lagged behind the process of urbanization. Most of the rural migrants are unable to enjoy the basic public services provided by the government in the migrated land, so they can not enjoy the dividends brought to them by urbanization and urban economic growth. This shows the economic and social development of our country. The degree of inclusiveness is far from enough. The division between urban and rural areas is increasingly serious, the class differentiation in the city is increasingly obvious, the conflict between the urban new immigrants and the local citizens is increasing, and the social instability is increasing in social reality, providing effective social support for the rural emigrants so as to help them integrate into the urban society as soon as possible. In this field of research, the academic community used to consider rural migrants as a whole to discuss the construction of social support, but little attention is paid to the heterogeneity of this group, and the neglect of the heterogeneity will lead to the lack of pertinence and accuracy in the response of social support. The thesis will discuss its social support from the perspective of differentiation. The key topics of the study include how to define the different stages of the migration of rural immigrants into the city, what is the difference between the needs and demands of the immigrants in the different migration stages in the process of integrating into the urban society, and the social support system of the multi social subject in the social support system. How to coordinate effective coordination in response to the difference demands in different migration stages, whether these different construction patterns have practical and theoretical basis, and how the government's policies and systems should be designed to enhance the policy's inclusiveness in order to reduce the society brought about by the rural migrants. In accordance with the basic paradigm of scientific research, this paper is based on the basic paradigm of scientific research. It is based on the review of literature review methodology - migration stage - the social network and demand analysis in different migration stages - the stage construction of the social support model - the theoretical function, policy analysis and Enlightenment as the main line, the migration system theory, and the migration The network theory and the social capital theory form the research framework and the method, and use the social network analysis, the multi subject analysis, the case analysis and other research methods to analyze the data, and draw the following main conclusions: first, this article is based on the existing policy provisions of our country and combined with the chi square test and the Bonferroni correction method, and will emigrate the local city. The group is divided into three stages of the initial period of migration, the period of migration and development and the stable period of migration in the city life for half a year and five years. The differences in the local social situation, the education of children, the rights situation of the government and the public service cognition in the different migration stages are more significant. The two is that this article is through the different stages of the rural emigrant groups. The social network analysis found that for immigrants in the initial period of migration, the social communication network in the city mainly concentrated on townships based on local relations, colleagues in the workplace and the roommates and community staff in the place of residence; for migrant groups in the migratory development period, they were with the local house. In the East, the local community, the enhancement of the interaction between local friends shows that the social network of rural migrants has changed significantly at this stage, and they are more needed to live in the local community, and are more likely to be more integrated with the local communities; for those who are in the stable migration period, they are more likely to be integrated with the local community. The interaction between the local government, the school and some social organizations is more frequent, and their social network mostly presents the active and divergent trend with the key nodes as the center. Three, through the elucidation of the social network characteristics, this article summarizes the living difficulties and the core of the migrants in the different migration stages. In the initial period of migration, they have to bear the pressure of reconstructing and adapting to the life of the city, and the phenomenon of hard job and social lack is more prominent. In the period of the migration and development, they begin to seek the possibility of a stable heel in the city, the pursuit of the quality of life and living conditions in the city, but the exorbitant effect of the high house price in the city They should increase the risk of their social exclusion, but as the real tenants of the city village, they tend to be in an absolute disadvantaged position in the game of the benefits of urban relocation and transformation. In the period of stable migration, they have a stronger desire to change the current pattern of civil identity difference, thus enjoying the basic difference between the urban residents and the urban residents. Public service is their biggest interest demand in urban life, which is embodied in children entrance, household registration access, housing security and so on. Four is a stage difference based on the social network characteristics and life demands. In the initial period, the cooperation between enterprise and community can become an effective social support in the initial period. The former can relieve the pressure on job hunting and provide more humanistic care for the rural migrants, and the latter can provide basic community services to help them increase their sense of integration for urban society. In the period of migration and development, the collaboration between the government and the community can play a positive role, and the former dominates the public rental housing. Construction and examination and approval, the latter can actively participate in the daily management and service delivery of public rental housing community; in the period of stable migration, the coordination between government and social organization is the main mode of eliminating the existing pattern of existing citizenship difference. The former can be used by the optimization of the system for the rural people to shift the people to the people, and the latter can pass through various projects. Finally, the final way is to realize the citizenization of the rural emigrant group, the ultimate way is to improve the inclusive government policy design. Therefore, the article suggests that the policy design should pay attention to the pre demand assessment and reduce the institutional exclusion. In the use of means, we should strengthen multiple synergies in order to promote the society. It will support effectiveness. In policy evaluation, we should pay attention to the guidance of multiple inclusive social ethos so as to promote the psychological integration of immigrant groups.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D632.4;C912.3
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本文編號(hào)：2147627