學(xué)齡前兒童睡眠及體力活動對認(rèn)知能力的交互作用
發(fā)布時間：2018-07-28 12:03
【摘要】：充足的睡眠與適當(dāng)?shù)捏w力活動是促進兒童、青少年生長發(fā)育的必備條件,對兒童的體格生長、機體免疫,以及情緒和認(rèn)知功能至關(guān)重要。然而由于父母和學(xué)校對于高學(xué)業(yè)成績的不懈追求,以及電子產(chǎn)品的廣為普及,致使兒童睡眠問題愈加突出、體力活動水平逐漸下降。睡眠問題和體力活動不足現(xiàn)已成為全球性的公共健康問題。學(xué)齡前期是身、心迅速發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期。但是,除了針對單個因素對認(rèn)知影響的研究外,僅有少數(shù)研究探討了老年人睡眠和體力活動對認(rèn)知能力的共同作用,而涉及學(xué)齡前兒童的十分有限。本研究包括三個主要部分。研究一,采用問卷調(diào)查方式對上海市楊浦、寶山區(qū)306名(其中男孩176名,占57.5%)學(xué)齡前兒童睡眠行為進行調(diào)查。家長依據(jù)孩子近半年的表現(xiàn)填寫問卷。問卷包括6個題目,全部采編自Achenbach兒童行為量表(CBCL/1.5-5),包括:a)不愿獨自睡覺(DWSA);b)說夢話或有哭(ST/C);c)做過噩夢(Nightmares);d)入睡困難(TGS);e)夜間經(jīng)常醒來(WUO);f)比大多數(shù)孩子睡得少(Sleep less)。使用《中國—韋氏幼兒智力量表(C-WYCSI)》城市版對上海市學(xué)齡前兒童的認(rèn)知能力水平進行評估,根據(jù)龔耀先教授編寫的《中國修訂韋氏智力量表簡式手冊》,選取知識、圖片詞匯、圖畫填充和木塊圖案四個具有代表性的分測驗組成“學(xué)齡前兒童簡式智力量表”。知識與圖片詞匯測驗量表分之和即為言語智商(VIQ)得分,圖片填充與木塊圖案測驗量表分之和即為操作智商(PIQ)得分,最后根據(jù)受試者年齡段查詢《中國修訂韋氏智力量表簡式手冊》得到各測驗相應(yīng)的權(quán)重系數(shù),計算得到全智商(FIQ)得分。利用一系列單因素協(xié)方差分析,探討控制混雜因素后,各獨立睡眠變量與認(rèn)知能力的關(guān)系。研究二,通過連續(xù)佩戴GT3X+加速度計7天(5個工作日,2個周末)獲取受試者日常體力活動水平。加速度計的采樣頻率和采樣間隔設(shè)置分別為30Hz和1s,并告知受試者,除洗澡、游泳和睡覺外,其他時間均需佩戴設(shè)備。儀器收回后,采用Acti Life軟件下載原始數(shù)據(jù),并對數(shù)據(jù)進行處理和篩選。根據(jù)Pate等人提出的不同強度體力活動的分切點對counts進行劃分,得出低強度體力活動(LPA)、中強度體力活動(MPA)和高強度體力活動(VPA)的時間。采用一系列協(xié)方差分析(ANCOVA),探討控制混雜因素后,學(xué)齡前兒童睡眠與體力活動的關(guān)系。研究三,以中位數(shù)將研究二所獲得的學(xué)齡前兒童中-高輕度體力活動數(shù)據(jù)進行二分類處理,分為低mvpa和高mvpa,進行一系列多因素協(xié)方差分析(mancova),研究睡眠與體力活動水平的主效應(yīng),以及兩個因素對認(rèn)知能力是否存在交互作用,當(dāng)交互作用顯著時進行簡單效應(yīng)檢驗。研究一發(fā)現(xiàn):306名受試者中,有282名至少回答了一項睡眠問卷中的問題(男孩164人,58.2%),各項睡眠行為的發(fā)生率:dwsa為82.1%;st/c為50.4%;nightmares為45.1%;tgs為47.8%;wuo為39.0%;sleepless為35.2%。學(xué)齡前男孩和女孩在大多數(shù)睡眠變量之間的發(fā)生率無顯著性差異,但dwsa在男孩中的發(fā)生率顯著性高于女孩(男孩86.3%vs.女孩76.2%;p=0.04)。協(xié)方差分析結(jié)果顯示,在控制了混在因素后,6個睡眠變量中,僅dwsa與學(xué)齡前兒童的認(rèn)知能力存在顯著性相關(guān)。有dwsa狀況比沒有該睡眠狀況的學(xué)齡前兒童平均言語智商得分和平均全智商得分分別高2分和6分(f=6.495,p=0.011;f=7.478,p=0.007)。不同性別中的亞組分析結(jié)果顯示,在男性學(xué)齡前兒童中,有/無dwsa的兒童viq無顯著性差異,而piq和fiq均顯著高于沒有該睡眠狀況的兒童(f=5.948,p=0.016;f=5.773,p=0.018);在女性學(xué)齡前兒童中,存在dwsa的兒童viq較無該狀況的兒童高2分(f=4.624,p=0.034),而有/無dwsa的兒童的piq和fiq無顯著性差異。研究二發(fā)現(xiàn):根據(jù)體力活動數(shù)據(jù)有效性篩初標(biāo)準(zhǔn),306名學(xué)齡前兒童中,體力活動測量數(shù)據(jù)有效的271人,總有效率為88.6%,其中至少完成一項睡眠問卷中題目的受試者有260人,基本信息數(shù)據(jù)全部完整的受試者共256人(其中男孩145人,占56.6%)。男孩的睡眠和體力活動的協(xié)方差分析結(jié)果顯示,全部睡眠變量與日間各強度體力活動水平時間無顯著相關(guān)性。女孩的睡眠和體力活動的協(xié)方差分析結(jié)果顯示,僅“比大多數(shù)孩子睡得少”的女孩比不存在該睡眠問題的女孩日平均mpa和mvpa時間分別低3.3min/day和6.5min/day(f=6.026,p=0.016;f=5.336,p=0.023),其他睡眠狀況變量與體力活動間無顯著相關(guān)性。研究三發(fā)現(xiàn):306名受試者中,至少完成一項睡眠問題作答、認(rèn)知測試結(jié)果有效、體力活動水平和基本信息數(shù)據(jù)全部完整的共252人(男孩141人,占56.0%)。睡眠與MVPA的協(xié)方差分析結(jié)果顯示,在學(xué)齡前男孩中,控制混在因素后,MVPA的主效應(yīng)顯著(P0.05),高MVPA組的言語智商和全智商得分比低MVPA組高(2-4分和2-11分),各睡眠變量和MVPA的交互作用不顯著;在學(xué)齡前女孩中,各睡眠變量和MVPA的主效應(yīng)以及交互效應(yīng)均不顯著(P0.05)。本研究的主要結(jié)論有:不愿獨自睡覺的學(xué)齡前兒童具有較高的認(rèn)知能力,這表明合睡可能有益于促進學(xué)齡前兒童的認(rèn)知發(fā)展。此外,睡眠少的女孩體力活動水平相對較低,而男孩中并不存在該現(xiàn)象,提示睡眠不足對于體力活動傾向性存在影響,且該影響具有性別差異。最后,未發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)齡前兒童的睡眠和中-高強度體力活動對認(rèn)知能力存在顯著性交互作用。提示,無論兒童是否存在睡眠問題,均不會影響體力活動對認(rèn)知促進的有益作用。
[Abstract]:Adequate sleep and proper physical activity are essential for promoting children and adolescents' growth and development. The physical growth, immunity, and emotional and cognitive functions of children are essential. However, the growing pursuit of high academic achievements and the widespread popularity of electrical products have led to more sleep problems in children. The level of physical activity is declining. Sleep problems and inadequate physical activity have now become a global public health problem. Early school age is a critical period for the rapid development of the body. However, only a few studies have explored the cognitive ability of elderly people in sleep and physical activity in addition to the study of the cognitive effects of a single factor. The study included three main parts of the study. This study included three main parts. First, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the sleep behavior of preschool children in Yangpu, Shanghai, Yangpu, Baoshan District, and 176 boys, accounting for 57.5%. The parents filled out a questionnaire according to their children's performance for nearly half a year. The questionnaire included 6 questions. The Department was compiled from the Achenbach children's behavior scale (CBCL/1.5-5), including a) not going to sleep alone (DWSA); b) saying dreams or crying (ST/C); c) having nightmares (Nightmares); d) sleeping difficulty (TGS); E) often waking up (WUO) at night; less than most children. Using < China Wechsler's intelligence scale > urban edition to Shanghai The level of cognitive ability of preschool children was evaluated. According to Professor Gong Yaoxian's "China revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual >", four representative sub tests were composed of knowledge, picture vocabulary, picture filling and block patterns. The "preschool children's simplified intelligence scale" was composed of knowledge and picture vocabulary test scale. That is, the score of the speech IQ (VIQ), the sum of the picture filling and the block pattern test scale, that is, the score of the operational IQ (PIQ). Finally, according to the subjects' age query, the Chinese revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual > the corresponding weight coefficient of each test, the total IQ (FIQ) score is calculated. A series of single factor covariance analysis is used. Study the relationship between the independent sleep variables and the cognitive ability after controlling the confounding factors. Study two, the daily physical activity level of the subjects was obtained by wearing the GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days (5 working days, 2 weekends). The sampling frequency and the sampling interval of the accelerometer were set to 30Hz and 1s respectively, and the subjects were told, in addition to bathing, swimming and sleeping. Acti Life software is used to download the original data and to process and screen the data, and the counts is divided according to the different strength physical activity points proposed by Pate et al. To obtain the low strength physical activity (LPA), the moderate strength physical activity (MPA) and the high strength physical activity (VPA). Time. A series of covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to explore the relationship between sleep and physical activity of preschool children after controlling confounding. Study three, the median of two pre school-age children was divided into low MVPA and high MVPA, and a series of multiple factor covariance scores were divided into the median. MANCOVA, the main effects of sleep and physical activity level, and the interaction of two factors on cognitive ability, and the simple effect test when the interaction was significant. One found that 282 of the 306 subjects answered at least one sleep question (boy 164, 58.2%), and all sleep behavior. The incidence of dwsa was 82.1%; st/c was 50.4%; nightmares was 45.1%; TGS was 47.8%; wuo was 39%; sleepless was 35.2%. before school-age boys and girls had no significant difference in the incidence of most sleep variables, but the incidence of dwsa in boys was significantly higher than that of girls (boys 86.3%vs. girls 76.2%; p=0.04). Covariance analysis showed that, In the 6 sleep variables, only dwsa had a significant correlation with preschool children's cognitive ability. The dwsa status was 2 and 6 points higher than the average total IQ score and the average total IQ score (f=6.495, p= 0.011; f=7.478, p=0.007) in the preschool children without the sleep status. Subgroup analysis in different sex The results showed that there was no significant difference in VIQ between children with / without dwsa, while PIQ and FIQ were significantly higher than those without the sleep status (f=5.948, p=0.016; f=5.773, p=0.018). In the preschool children, VIQ of children with dwsa was 2 points higher (f=4.624, p=0.034) than those without the condition. There was no significant difference between PIQ and FIQ. Study two: according to the preliminary criteria for the effectiveness of physical activity data, 271 of the 306 preschool children were effective in physical activity measurement, with a total effective rate of 88.6%, of which at least 260 subjects completed one sleep questionnaire and 256 of all the basic information data were complete. The covariance analysis of boys' sleep and physical activity showed that there was no significant correlation between all sleep variables and the intensity of physical activity during the day. The covariance analysis of girls' sleep and physical activity showed that only girls who slept less than most children did not have the sleep problem. The average daily MPa and MVPA time of girls were lower 3.3min/day and 6.5min/day (f=6.026, p=0.016; f=5.336, p=0.023), and there was no significant correlation between other sleep variables and physical activity. Study three found that in the 306 subjects, at least one sleep problem was completed, and the test results were valid, physical activity level and basic information data were found. All complete 252 people (141 boys, 56%). The results of covariance analysis between sleep and MVPA showed that in the preschool boys, the main effect of MVPA was significant (P0.05), and the scores of speech IQ and IQ in the high MVPA group were higher than those in the low MVPA group (2-4 and 2-11), and the interaction of each sleep variable and MVPA was not significant; The main conclusions of this study are that the preschool children who do not want to sleep alone have higher cognitive ability, which suggests that sleeping may be beneficial to the cognitive development of preschool children. In addition, the level of physical activity of girls with less sleep is relatively higher than that of MVPA. Low, but not in boys, suggesting that lack of sleep affects physical activity tendencies, and there is a gender difference. In the end, no preschool children's sleep and middle and high intensity physical activity have significant intercourse interaction with cognitive ability. The beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive promotion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.49
[Abstract]:Adequate sleep and proper physical activity are essential for promoting children and adolescents' growth and development. The physical growth, immunity, and emotional and cognitive functions of children are essential. However, the growing pursuit of high academic achievements and the widespread popularity of electrical products have led to more sleep problems in children. The level of physical activity is declining. Sleep problems and inadequate physical activity have now become a global public health problem. Early school age is a critical period for the rapid development of the body. However, only a few studies have explored the cognitive ability of elderly people in sleep and physical activity in addition to the study of the cognitive effects of a single factor. The study included three main parts of the study. This study included three main parts. First, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the sleep behavior of preschool children in Yangpu, Shanghai, Yangpu, Baoshan District, and 176 boys, accounting for 57.5%. The parents filled out a questionnaire according to their children's performance for nearly half a year. The questionnaire included 6 questions. The Department was compiled from the Achenbach children's behavior scale (CBCL/1.5-5), including a) not going to sleep alone (DWSA); b) saying dreams or crying (ST/C); c) having nightmares (Nightmares); d) sleeping difficulty (TGS); E) often waking up (WUO) at night; less than most children. Using < China Wechsler's intelligence scale > urban edition to Shanghai The level of cognitive ability of preschool children was evaluated. According to Professor Gong Yaoxian's "China revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual >", four representative sub tests were composed of knowledge, picture vocabulary, picture filling and block patterns. The "preschool children's simplified intelligence scale" was composed of knowledge and picture vocabulary test scale. That is, the score of the speech IQ (VIQ), the sum of the picture filling and the block pattern test scale, that is, the score of the operational IQ (PIQ). Finally, according to the subjects' age query, the Chinese revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale simple manual > the corresponding weight coefficient of each test, the total IQ (FIQ) score is calculated. A series of single factor covariance analysis is used. Study the relationship between the independent sleep variables and the cognitive ability after controlling the confounding factors. Study two, the daily physical activity level of the subjects was obtained by wearing the GT3X+ accelerometer for 7 days (5 working days, 2 weekends). The sampling frequency and the sampling interval of the accelerometer were set to 30Hz and 1s respectively, and the subjects were told, in addition to bathing, swimming and sleeping. Acti Life software is used to download the original data and to process and screen the data, and the counts is divided according to the different strength physical activity points proposed by Pate et al. To obtain the low strength physical activity (LPA), the moderate strength physical activity (MPA) and the high strength physical activity (VPA). Time. A series of covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to explore the relationship between sleep and physical activity of preschool children after controlling confounding. Study three, the median of two pre school-age children was divided into low MVPA and high MVPA, and a series of multiple factor covariance scores were divided into the median. MANCOVA, the main effects of sleep and physical activity level, and the interaction of two factors on cognitive ability, and the simple effect test when the interaction was significant. One found that 282 of the 306 subjects answered at least one sleep question (boy 164, 58.2%), and all sleep behavior. The incidence of dwsa was 82.1%; st/c was 50.4%; nightmares was 45.1%; TGS was 47.8%; wuo was 39%; sleepless was 35.2%. before school-age boys and girls had no significant difference in the incidence of most sleep variables, but the incidence of dwsa in boys was significantly higher than that of girls (boys 86.3%vs. girls 76.2%; p=0.04). Covariance analysis showed that, In the 6 sleep variables, only dwsa had a significant correlation with preschool children's cognitive ability. The dwsa status was 2 and 6 points higher than the average total IQ score and the average total IQ score (f=6.495, p= 0.011; f=7.478, p=0.007) in the preschool children without the sleep status. Subgroup analysis in different sex The results showed that there was no significant difference in VIQ between children with / without dwsa, while PIQ and FIQ were significantly higher than those without the sleep status (f=5.948, p=0.016; f=5.773, p=0.018). In the preschool children, VIQ of children with dwsa was 2 points higher (f=4.624, p=0.034) than those without the condition. There was no significant difference between PIQ and FIQ. Study two: according to the preliminary criteria for the effectiveness of physical activity data, 271 of the 306 preschool children were effective in physical activity measurement, with a total effective rate of 88.6%, of which at least 260 subjects completed one sleep questionnaire and 256 of all the basic information data were complete. The covariance analysis of boys' sleep and physical activity showed that there was no significant correlation between all sleep variables and the intensity of physical activity during the day. The covariance analysis of girls' sleep and physical activity showed that only girls who slept less than most children did not have the sleep problem. The average daily MPa and MVPA time of girls were lower 3.3min/day and 6.5min/day (f=6.026, p=0.016; f=5.336, p=0.023), and there was no significant correlation between other sleep variables and physical activity. Study three found that in the 306 subjects, at least one sleep problem was completed, and the test results were valid, physical activity level and basic information data were found. All complete 252 people (141 boys, 56%). The results of covariance analysis between sleep and MVPA showed that in the preschool boys, the main effect of MVPA was significant (P0.05), and the scores of speech IQ and IQ in the high MVPA group were higher than those in the low MVPA group (2-4 and 2-11), and the interaction of each sleep variable and MVPA was not significant; The main conclusions of this study are that the preschool children who do not want to sleep alone have higher cognitive ability, which suggests that sleeping may be beneficial to the cognitive development of preschool children. In addition, the level of physical activity of girls with less sleep is relatively higher than that of MVPA. Low, but not in boys, suggesting that lack of sleep affects physical activity tendencies, and there is a gender difference. In the end, no preschool children's sleep and middle and high intensity physical activity have significant intercourse interaction with cognitive ability. The beneficial effect of physical activity on cognitive promotion.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G804.49
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