本文選題：就業(yè)質(zhì)量 + 工作滿意度�。� 參考：《東北財經(jīng)大學》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：就業(yè)是重要的民生問題,它關系著經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和社會的安定。大學生作為社會中最具有創(chuàng)造力和能動性的群體,是推動我國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的重要力量,其就業(yè)問題更是受到社會各方面的普遍關注。事實上,當前我國大學生就業(yè)難這一現(xiàn)象主要指的是大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量低下。朝九晚五的工作給上班族帶來高薪酬的同時,也帶來了亞健康、職業(yè)病、過勞等問題,忙碌重復的工作往往難以實現(xiàn)他們對自由生活的追求。黨的十八大明確提出:要在新時期推動實現(xiàn)更高質(zhì)量的就業(yè),促進以高校畢業(yè)生為重點的青年就業(yè)。毋庸置疑,深入研究大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量問題有較強的制度背景及現(xiàn)實意義。長期以來,國內(nèi)學者對大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)問題的研究主要集中在就業(yè)數(shù)量上,而忽視了對就業(yè)質(zhì)量的研究。近年來國內(nèi)學者逐步關注大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量的研究,多集中在對勞動報酬、工作時間、工作條件等工作特征的考察,鮮有研究從勞動者福祉的視角考察大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量。然而,勞動的最終目的并不是獲得勞動報酬,而是追求福祉最大化,實現(xiàn)個體追求的生活方式,度過美好生活。本文從勞動者福祉的視角探究大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量及其影響因素,具有重要的理論意義。阿馬蒂亞·森的可行能力理論是評估個人福利或福祉的方法框架,本文基于該理論構(gòu)建工作滿意度、職業(yè)健康和可行能力三維度的就業(yè)質(zhì)量指標測度我國大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量,并對其影響因素進行深入分析,為提高我國大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量提出有針對性的建議。本文共包括七個部分。第一章為引言。介紹了本文的研究背景及研究意義,概括了研究思路及框架,明確了研究目標、研究內(nèi)容與研究方法,并歸納了本文的貢獻與創(chuàng)新性。第二章為相關文獻綜述。首先系統(tǒng)梳理了就業(yè)質(zhì)量的概念和內(nèi)涵,指出本文基于勞動者福祉的視角研究大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量,屬于狹義、微觀和主觀意義上的就業(yè)質(zhì)量研究。對就業(yè)質(zhì)量評價方法和影響因素的文獻綜述,為本文測度就業(yè)質(zhì)量并考察就業(yè)質(zhì)量影響因素提供了借鑒。綜述工作滿意度和職業(yè)健康的研究成果,為本文探究就業(yè)質(zhì)量各維度的影響因素奠定了理論基礎。第三章為我國大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量測度研究。在界定就業(yè)質(zhì)量內(nèi)涵的基礎上,基于阿馬蒂亞·森的可行能力理論,結(jié)合我國大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀,構(gòu)建了工作滿意度、職業(yè)健康和可行能力三維度的就業(yè)質(zhì)量指標。使用2014年國家社科基金項目"大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量與政策研究"的微觀調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),從整體就業(yè)質(zhì)量和分維度兩大方面比較分析我國大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量狀況。其中,從各維度指標到整體就業(yè)質(zhì)量采用集合交集運算和算術平均法(簡單算術平均法和變異系數(shù)加權平均法)兩種加總方式。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),我國大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量總體處于中等水平,就業(yè)質(zhì)量仍有待提升,特別是職業(yè)健康和可行能力方面。分群體比較結(jié)果表明,學歷越高,整體就業(yè)質(zhì)量越高,但職業(yè)健康狀況越差。男性和女性大學畢業(yè)生在整體就業(yè)質(zhì)量方面差別不顯著,但男性大學畢業(yè)生在可行能力方面明顯優(yōu)于女性大學畢業(yè)生。無論是整體還是分維度,黨員和國有部門大學畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)質(zhì)量均更高。第四章為我國大學畢業(yè)生工作滿意度影響因素研究。首先對工作滿意度量表進行了信度和效度檢驗,在此基礎上,采用描述性統(tǒng)計、獨立樣本t檢驗和方差分析等方法,對我國大學畢業(yè)生工作滿意度現(xiàn)狀及其個體差異性進行了分析。研究結(jié)果表明,我國大學畢業(yè)生整體工作滿意度介于"有點滿意"和"一般滿意"之間,其中,大學畢業(yè)生對薪酬的滿意度最低。關于個體差異性,已婚、黨員和國有部門大學畢業(yè)生的整體工作滿意度分別高于未婚、非黨員和非國有部門大學畢業(yè)生。然后,本文采用多元回歸方法考察了我國大學畢業(yè)生工作滿意度的影響因素。考慮到大學畢業(yè)生工作滿意度是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果,而且許多因素具有不確定性的特點。在回歸分析的同時,本文運用灰色關聯(lián)分析方法判別當前影響大學畢業(yè)生整體工作滿意度的核心因素�；疑P聯(lián)分析和回歸分析的結(jié)果基本一致,對于大學畢業(yè)生而言,對薪酬的滿意度是影響整體工作滿意度最重要的因素,而對工作本身的興趣和對上級的滿意度是僅次于薪酬的重要影響因素。第五章為我國大學畢業(yè)生職業(yè)健康影響因素研究。運用"大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量與政策研究"的微觀調(diào)研數(shù)據(jù),建立有序Probit模型,實證分析工作特征對我國大學畢業(yè)生職業(yè)健康的影響。根據(jù)工作要求-資源模型將工作特征區(qū)分為工作要求和工作資源兩大類。其中,工作要求變量包括工作能力要求、工作時間、工作安全風險和工作不規(guī)則變化四個變量,工作資源變量包括工作收入(絕對收入和相對收入)、工作控制、工作場所的社會支持(上級支持和同事支持)、晉升機會、組織公正和工作意義等變量。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),工作時間和工作安全風險對職業(yè)健康有顯著的負向影響,而工作控制、組織公正和工作意義對職業(yè)健康有顯著正向影響。上級支持水平越高、晉升機會越大,職業(yè)健康狀況越好,這一結(jié)論尤其適用于女性大學畢業(yè)生。絕對收入越高的女性大學畢業(yè)生,其職業(yè)健康狀況越差。工作不規(guī)則變化對專科畢業(yè)生的職業(yè)健康狀況產(chǎn)生不利的影響,而絕對收入與職業(yè)健康的負相關關系在本科和研究生畢業(yè)生樣本中表現(xiàn)更為明顯。第六章為我國大學畢業(yè)生可行能力影響因素研究。以可行能力為因變量,工資收入、福利待遇、超時加班、工作穩(wěn)定性、上下級關系、同事關系、工作能力、晉升機會和工作意義為自變量,并控制個體特征和地區(qū)變量,建立有序Probit模型。繼續(xù)采用"大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量與政策研究"的微觀調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù),實證分析我國大學畢業(yè)生可行能力的影響因素。研究結(jié)果表明,工資收入和福利待遇是我國大學畢業(yè)生可行能力的重要影響因素。較高的晉升機會和對工作意義的感知利于大學畢業(yè)生可行能力的提升,而超時加班不利于可行能力的實現(xiàn)。工作穩(wěn)定性和同事關系對女性大學畢業(yè)生可行能力具有顯著正向影響,對男性影響并不顯著。對男性大學畢業(yè)生而言,學歷層次越高,可行能力越強;學歷與可行能力的正相關關系在女性大學畢業(yè)生群體中卻不明顯。對�？飘厴I(yè)生而言,存在工作能力越高可行能力越高的趨勢,而本科和研究生畢業(yè)生的情況則相反。第七章為研究結(jié)論、政策啟示與研究展望。歸納概括本文的研究結(jié)論,并提出針對性的政策建議,指出本文的不足之處,展望未來的研究方向。本文可能的創(chuàng)新性主要體現(xiàn)在如下幾個方面:(1)梳理了就業(yè)質(zhì)量的概念和內(nèi)涵,并從勞動者福祉的角度界定和測度大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量。國內(nèi)學者對就業(yè)質(zhì)量的研究多集中在勞動報酬等工作特征上,從勞動者福祉角度的研究較少。本文從勞動者福祉的角度界定我國大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量,豐富了就業(yè)質(zhì)量的相關研究。(2)基于阿馬蒂亞·森的評估個人福利的可行能力方法框架,構(gòu)建了工作滿意度、職業(yè)健康和可行能力三維度的就業(yè)質(zhì)量指標,彌補了國內(nèi)學者僅用工作滿意度衡量主觀就業(yè)質(zhì)量的不足。(3)從工作特征角度深入分析工作滿意度、職業(yè)健康和可行能力的影響因素,為推進就業(yè)質(zhì)量各維度影響因素的研究提供了詳實的依據(jù)。國內(nèi)關于大學畢業(yè)生職業(yè)健康和可行能力影響因素的研究較少,而且對就業(yè)質(zhì)量影響因素的研究主要集中在大學生就業(yè)能力、情緒智力、非專業(yè)素質(zhì)、人力資本與社會資本等方面。本文從工作特征角度對就業(yè)質(zhì)量各維度影響因素的實證分析,細化并豐富了大學畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量影響因素的研究。
[Abstract]:Employment is an important problem of the people's livelihood. It is related to economic development and social stability. As the most creative and dynamic group in the society, college students are an important force to promote the economic development of our country. The problem of employment is paid more attention by all aspects of the society. In fact, the problem of employment of college students in China is in fact the main phenomenon. It refers to the low quality of employment for college graduates. At the same time, the work of nine to five has brought high salary to the working people, and it also brings about sub health, occupational disease, overwork and so on. The busy and repetitive work is often difficult to realize their pursuit of free life. The eighteen Ming of the party makes sure that a higher quality of employment is to be promoted in the new period. There is no doubt that it has a strong institutional background and practical significance to study the quality of college graduates' employment. For a long time, domestic scholars have focused on the employment of graduates mainly in the number of employment, ignoring the study of the quality of employment. The research on the quality of employment of college graduates is gradually focused on the study of the job characteristics of labor remuneration, working time and working conditions. Few studies have studied the quality of employment of college graduates from the perspective of workers' well-being. However, the ultimate aim of labor is not to gain remuneration, but to maximize the well-being and realize the individual. It has important theoretical significance to explore the quality of college graduates' employment and its influencing factors from the perspective of laborers' well-being. Amartya Sen's feasible ability theory is a method framework for assessing personal welfare or well-being. This article is based on the theory to construct job satisfaction, occupational health and availability. The employment quality index of the three-dimension of the capacity is used to measure the quality of employment of the university graduates in China, and to make an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the employment of the university graduates. This paper includes seven parts. The first chapter is an introduction. This paper introduces the research background and significance of the study, and summarizes the research. Thinking and framework, the research objectives, research content and research methods are clarified, and the contribution and innovation of this article are summed up. The second chapter is the related literature review. Firstly, the concept and connotation of the employment quality are systematically combed, and the research on the employment quality of college graduates based on the perspective of laborers' well-being is pointed out in the narrow, micro and subjective significance. The study on the quality of employment. A literature review on the evaluation methods and influencing factors of employment quality provides a reference for measuring the quality of employment and investigating the factors affecting the quality of employment. The research results of job satisfaction and occupational health are summarized. The third chapter is the theoretical basis for the study of the factors affecting the quality of employment. On the basis of defining the connotation of the quality of employment, based on the definition of the quality of employment, based on the Amartya Sen's feasible ability theory and the employment status of college graduates in China, the job satisfaction, the professional health and the workable ability of the three-dimension employment quality refer to the standard. In 2014, the National Social Science Fund Project "University bike" is used. The microcosmic survey data of the employment quality and Policy Research of the graduate students, from two aspects of the overall employment quality and dimension, the quality of employment of college graduates in China is compared and analyzed. Among them, the aggregate intersection operation and arithmetic mean method (simple arithmetic mean method and variation coefficient weighted mean method) are adopted from each dimension index to the overall employment quality two. The study found that the quality of employment of college graduates in our country is generally at the middle level, and the quality of employment still needs to be improved, especially in the aspects of occupational health and feasibility. The result of the comparison between the sub groups shows that the higher the educational background, the higher the overall employment quality, the worse the occupational health status. The male and female college graduates are employed as a whole. There is no significant difference in quality, but the male college graduates are obviously better than the female college graduates in the practical ability. Both the whole and the sub dimensions, the employment quality of the college graduates in the party members and the state sector is higher. The fourth chapter is the research on the influencing factors of the job satisfaction of the university graduates in China. On the basis of the test of reliability and validity, descriptive statistics, independent sample t test and variance analysis are used to analyze the status and individual difference of college graduates' job satisfaction in China. The results show that the overall job satisfaction of college graduates in China is between "a little satisfaction" and "general satisfaction". Among them, college graduates have the lowest satisfaction with salary. As for individual differences, the overall job satisfaction of college graduates in the party and the state sector is higher than that of unmarried, non party members and non state departments. Then, this paper uses multiple regression methods to investigate the factors affecting the job satisfaction of College graduates in China. Considering that the job satisfaction of college graduates is the result of a variety of factors, and many factors have the characteristics of uncertainty. At the same time, the grey relational analysis is used to distinguish the core factors that affect the overall job satisfaction of college graduates. In this agreement, the satisfaction of salary is the most important factor affecting the overall job satisfaction for the college graduates, and the interest and satisfaction to the higher level are the most important factors only second to the salary. The fifth chapter is the study of the occupational health impact factors of the college graduates in China. With the microcosmic survey data of the policy research and the establishment of an orderly Probit model, the empirical analysis of the impact of the work characteristics on the occupational health of Chinese university graduates. According to the work requirements - the resource model, the work features are divided into two categories: work requirements and work resources. Total risk and work irregularity change four variables, work resource variables include work income (absolute income and relative income), job control, social support in the workplace (superior support and colleague support), promotion opportunities, organizational justice and work significance. Research finds that work time and work safety risk are significant to occupational health. Work control, organizational justice and work significance have a significant positive impact on occupational health. Higher level of support, higher promotion opportunities, and better occupational health are better. This conclusion is especially suitable for female college graduates. The higher the absolute income of female college graduates, the worse their occupational health. The change of rules has a negative impact on the professional health of college graduates, and the negative correlation between absolute income and occupational health is more obvious in the sample of undergraduate and graduate students. The sixth chapter is the research on the influencing factors of the feasible ability of college graduates in China. Overtime work overtime, work stability, upper and lower relations, colleague relationship, work ability, promotion opportunity and work meaning are independent variables, and control individual characteristics and regional variables, establish an orderly Probit model. Continue to use the micro survey data of "college graduates employment quality and policy research", to analyze the feasibility of college graduates in China. The results show that wages and benefits are important factors for the workable ability of college graduates in China. Higher opportunities for promotion and sense of work are beneficial to the improvement of the workable ability of college graduates, while overtime work is not conducive to practical ability. Work stability and colleagues' relationship to female Universities The workable ability of the graduates is not significant. For the male college graduates, the higher the academic level, the stronger the workable ability; the positive correlation between the education and the workable ability is not obvious among the female college graduates. Trend, while the situation of undergraduate and graduate graduates is opposite. The seventh chapter is research conclusion, policy inspiration and research prospect. Summarize the conclusions of this paper, and put forward pertinent policy suggestions, point out the shortcomings of this paper and look forward to the future research direction. The possible innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: (1) comb The concept and connotation of the quality of employment are discussed, and the quality of employment of college graduates is defined and measured from the perspective of the well-being of the workers. The research on the quality of employment of the domestic scholars is mainly focused on the working characteristics of labor remuneration, and the research on the welfare of the workers is less. The relevant research on the quality of employment is enriched. (2) based on the feasible ability method framework of Amartya Sen's assessment of individual welfare, the employment quality indicators of job satisfaction, occupational health and workable ability are constructed, which make up for the shortcomings of the domestic scholars to measure the subjective job quality only with job satisfaction. (3) from the perspective of the work characteristics The influence factors of job satisfaction, occupational health and workable ability are analyzed in depth, which provide a detailed basis for the study of influencing factors of the various dimensions of employment quality. There are few studies on the factors affecting the occupational health and feasible ability of college graduates, and the research on the factors affecting the quality of employment is mainly concentrated on the college students. In this paper, the empirical analysis of the factors affecting the quality of the employment quality from the angle of work features is analyzed, and the factors affecting the quality of the graduates' employment quality are studied.
【學位授予單位】：東北財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G647.38

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