本文選題：騎行 + 關(guān)節(jié)功率�。� 參考：《上海體育學(xué)院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：研究目的:如今,騎行已成為人們廣為喜愛(ài)的一項(xiàng)綠色出行以及休閑鍛煉方式,受到普通民眾特別是廣大老年人群的青睞。受衰老因素影響,老年人的肌肉力量、收縮速度等肌肉力學(xué)屬性會(huì)出現(xiàn)明顯的下降,這會(huì)對(duì)他們的騎行運(yùn)動(dòng)模式產(chǎn)生一定的影響。自上世紀(jì)以來(lái),科研工作者進(jìn)行了大量騎行方面的研究,但關(guān)于老年人騎行的生物力學(xué)研究較為少見(jiàn)。因此,本論文的目的在于了解老年人在低等和中等水平輸出功率負(fù)荷下,以常見(jiàn)踩踏頻率騎行時(shí)的騎行運(yùn)動(dòng)模式特點(diǎn),以探討衰老對(duì)騎行可能產(chǎn)生的影響。具體包括:了解老年人在常用的騎行負(fù)荷、踩踏頻率條件下騎行時(shí),下肢三關(guān)節(jié)的功率配比、膝關(guān)節(jié)載荷以及騎行的經(jīng)濟(jì)性特點(diǎn)。研究方法:本研究選取了有三年以上騎行經(jīng)驗(yàn),且每天騎車時(shí)間在30min以上的健康老年人和年輕人各24名作為研究對(duì)象,在功率自行車上(Monark,Sweden)以隨機(jī)的順序分別完成在低負(fù)荷(60W)、中等負(fù)荷(100W)兩種輸出功率下,以自選頻率、低踩踏頻率(40rpm)、中踩踏頻率(60rpm)、高踩踏頻率(90rpm),共8種條件的騎行。每種條件騎行3min。應(yīng)用三維運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)捕捉系統(tǒng)(Vicon,UK)、自主研發(fā)、定制的三維測(cè)力腳踏板、K4b 2遙測(cè)便攜式肺功能儀(Cosmed,Italy)同步采集受試者進(jìn)入穩(wěn)定騎行狀態(tài)最后30 s的下肢三維運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)、踩踏動(dòng)力學(xué)以及能耗數(shù)據(jù),處理并計(jì)算下肢各關(guān)節(jié)功率貢獻(xiàn)度(一個(gè)踩踏周期內(nèi)某關(guān)節(jié)的功率與下肢三關(guān)節(jié)功率之和的比值)、膝關(guān)節(jié)額狀面與水平面力矩、騎行效率(一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的做功與消耗的總生理能的比值)等指標(biāo)來(lái)反映受試者下肢三關(guān)節(jié)的功率配比,膝關(guān)節(jié)載荷以及騎行經(jīng)濟(jì)性的特點(diǎn)。研究結(jié)果:(1)60W負(fù)荷條件下,老年人和年輕人以90rpm騎行時(shí)的髖關(guān)節(jié)功率貢獻(xiàn)度顯著小于自選頻率、40rpm、60rpm(P0.01),膝關(guān)節(jié)功率貢獻(xiàn)度顯著大于自選頻率、40rpm、60rpm(P0.01);100W負(fù)荷條件下,兩組人的髖和膝關(guān)節(jié)功率貢獻(xiàn)度各踩踏頻率間差異不具有顯著性(P0.05);兩種負(fù)荷條件下,兩組人以自選頻率、60rpm騎行時(shí)的踝關(guān)節(jié)功率貢獻(xiàn)度顯著小于40rpm(P0.01),大于90rpm(P0.01)。(2)相同條件下騎行,老年組與年輕組的膝關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)收、外展、旋內(nèi)、旋外力矩峰值差異均不具有顯著性(P0.05);100W負(fù)荷條件下騎行,老年組和年輕組的膝內(nèi)收力矩峰值和旋內(nèi)力矩峰值顯著大于60W(P0.01);60W負(fù)荷條件下,兩組人以90rpm騎行時(shí)的膝內(nèi)收力矩峰值大于自選頻率、40rpm、60rpm(P0.05);100W負(fù)荷條件下,兩組人以40rpm騎行時(shí)的膝內(nèi)收力矩峰值大于自選頻率、60rpm、90rpm(P0.01)。(3)相同條件下騎行,老年組的騎行效率顯著低于年輕組(P0.01);隨負(fù)荷的增加,老年組和年輕組的騎行效率增大(P0.01);兩種負(fù)荷下,兩組人以自選頻率、40rpm、60rpm騎行時(shí)的騎行效率各踩踏頻率之間差異不具有顯著性,大于以90rpm騎行(P0.01)。主要結(jié)論:(1)在低負(fù)荷條件下,與其它踩踏頻率騎行時(shí)相比,老年人高踩踏頻率下髖關(guān)節(jié)所起的作用較小,而膝關(guān)節(jié)在此踩踏頻率下所起的作用較大;中等負(fù)荷條件下騎行時(shí),髖和膝關(guān)節(jié)的作用沒(méi)有受到踩踏頻率的影響;踝關(guān)節(jié)的作用不受負(fù)荷的影響,但隨著踩踏頻率的增大而減小;這些特點(diǎn)與年輕人相一致,衰老沒(méi)有改變騎行時(shí)下肢三關(guān)節(jié)的功率配比情況。(2)相同條件下騎行,老年人與年輕人的膝關(guān)節(jié)載荷一致,衰老并沒(méi)有引起騎行中膝關(guān)節(jié)載荷的增大;低負(fù)荷條件下以高踩踏頻率騎行,以及中等負(fù)荷條件下低踩踏頻率的騎行,膝關(guān)節(jié)都受到了比較大的載荷。(3)老年組的騎行效率低于年輕組,衰老引起了騎行效率的下降;老年人與年輕人的騎行效率均隨負(fù)荷的增加而增大;他們以較低的踩踏頻率騎行時(shí)的騎行效率已至最大,快速騎行時(shí)的騎行效率反而下降。
[Abstract]:Research purposes: now, riding has become one of the most popular green travel and recreational exercises, which are favored by the ordinary people, especially the older people. Influenced by the aging factors, the muscular strength of the elderly, the speed of contraction, and so on, will decrease significantly, which will produce the pattern of their cycling. Since the last century, researchers have carried out a lot of research on riding, but the biomechanical research on the riding of the elderly is rare. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand the characteristics of the riding pattern of the elderly under the low and medium output power load and often riding on the tread frequency. To explore the possible effects of aging on cycling. It includes: to understand the power ratio of the three joints of the lower extremities, the load of the knee joint and the economic characteristics of riding when riding on the frequency condition. The research method: This study selected the riding experience for more than three years and the time of riding in 30min every day. 24 healthy elderly and 24 young people were used as research subjects. On power bicycles (Monark, Sweden), two kinds of output power of low load (60W) and medium load (100W) were performed in random order, with self selection frequency, low tread frequency (40rpm), middle tread frequency (60rpm), high stampede frequency (90rpm), and riding in 8 conditions. Conditional 3min. applications (Vicon, UK), independent research and development, customized three-dimensional force foot pedal, K4b 2 telemetry portable lung function instrument (Cosmed, Italy) synchronized acquisition of subjects into the final 30 s of stable riding status of the lower limb three-dimensional kinematics, tread dynamics and energy data, processing and calculating the joint work of lower limbs Rate contribution (the ratio of the power of a joint in a tread cycle to the sum of the three joint power of the lower limb), the frontal and horizontal moment of the knee joint, the ratio of the riding efficiency (the ratio of the work and the total physiological energy consumed in a period of time) to reflect the power ratio of the three joints of the lower limbs of the subjects, the load of the knee joint and the economy of riding. The results are as follows: (1) under 60W load conditions, the hip power contribution of the elderly and young people on 90rpm riding is significantly smaller than the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, 60rpm (P0.01), and the power contribution of the knee joint is significantly greater than the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, 60rpm (P0.01), and 100W negative charge, between the hip and knee power contributions of the two groups. The difference was not significant (P0.05); under the two load conditions, the two groups were selected at the frequency of self selection, and the power contribution of the ankle joint was significantly less than that of 40rpm (P0.01), greater than 90rpm (P0.01). (2) in the same condition, the differences in the peak of the knee adduction, abduction, internal rotation, and external torque were not significant (P0.05) in the old group and the young group (P0.05); 100 The peak of the peak torque and the internal torque of the knee in the aged group and the young group were significantly greater than that of 60W (P0.01). The peak of the knee adduction moment of the two groups was greater than the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, 60rpm (P0.05), and the peak of the knee adduction moment of the two groups was greater than that of the 40rpm under the condition of 60W load. The peak of the knee adduction moment of the knee was greater than that of the two groups. Frequency selection, 60rpm, 90rpm (P0.01). (3) riding in the same condition, the efficiency of riding in the elderly group was significantly lower than that of the young group (P0.01); with the increase of the load, the riding efficiency of the old group and the young group increased (P0.01). Under the two loads, there was no significant difference between the frequency of the riding efficiency of the riding efficiency of the two groups at the frequency of self selection, 40rpm, and 60rpm riding. More than 90rpm riding (P0.01). Main conclusions: (1) the role of hip joint under high tread frequency is smaller than that of other stampede frequency under low load condition, and the role of knee joint under tread frequency is larger than that of other tread frequency. The role of hip and knee joint is not affected by tread frequency when riding under medium load condition. Effect; the effect of the ankle joint is not affected by the load, but decreases with the increase of the frequency of stampede; these characteristics are consistent with young people, and senescence does not change the power ratio of the three joints of the lower extremities when riding. (2) the same conditions are on the same condition, the elderly and the young people have the same knee joint load, and senescence does not cause the riding in the knee joint load. The efficiency of riding in the old group is lower than that of the young group, and the efficiency of riding is decreased, and the efficiency of the riding of the old and the young increases with the increase of the load. (3) the efficiency of the elderly and the young is increased with the increase of the load. When riding at low trampling frequency, the riding efficiency has reached the maximum, and the riding efficiency of fast riding has decreased.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：G872.3

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本文編號(hào)：1988523