本文選題：三晉 + 體育文化�。� 參考：《山西大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：三晉大地,歷史悠久,源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng),是厚重黃河文化的重要發(fā)源地,三晉文化,傳承連綿,博大精深,為華夏文明的形成和發(fā)展作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。而三晉傳統(tǒng)體育文化是底蘊(yùn)深厚的三晉文化中的一顆璀璨明珠,在三晉文化研究中占有舉足輕重的地位,它深深植根于三晉文化的沃土中,并以其獨(dú)特的地域性和傳承性一代代自我復(fù)制得以保存,其發(fā)展的形態(tài)是區(qū)域文化內(nèi)在規(guī)定性的必然結(jié)果。三晉體育文化以其中華傳承、豐富多彩、風(fēng)格迥異、個(gè)性鮮明的特性鑲嵌在五千年中華文明脈絡(luò)之中,孕育著“心身并育性命雙修”的傳統(tǒng)人文理想,既是勞動(dòng)人民生產(chǎn)和生活技能的操演,又是祖祖輩輩與時(shí)代文化相互映照的共同體,與神明和祖先交往互惠的的體現(xiàn)。任何一種地域文化的發(fā)展和演變既是文化內(nèi)在邏輯演進(jìn)的歷史進(jìn)程,同時(shí)也是文化空間形態(tài)變遷的地理過(guò)程,并由此產(chǎn)生眾多的地域差異及其一系列的區(qū)域文化。然而,現(xiàn)有的研究缺乏對(duì)三晉大地存在的多元化復(fù)合體育文化整體全局性的把握,不能用整體的、聯(lián)系的、動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展的、層次的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)分析體育文化事項(xiàng)的理路,進(jìn)而割裂了體育文化與生境之間,與相應(yīng)區(qū)域文化之間以及與行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)等空間關(guān)系之間所形成的一種潛移默化、相互作用的自然過(guò)程�？s小了體育文化的時(shí)空張力,同時(shí)已有成果對(duì)于這些非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)在當(dāng)今文化背景之下的傳承與保護(hù)研究也略顯不足。本研究試圖以文化人類學(xué)的生物文化整體觀和文化相對(duì)論為綱,以三晉大地的傳統(tǒng)體育事項(xiàng)為緯,以系統(tǒng)論的思想審視三晉體育文化的構(gòu)成與內(nèi)涵,借鑒區(qū)域文化研究的范式,在方法論上以馬克思主義辯證唯物主義和歷史唯物主義思想為指導(dǎo),采用考古學(xué)、歷史文獻(xiàn)學(xué)、文化人類學(xué)和體育地理學(xué)等學(xué)科的相關(guān)研究方法,對(duì)三晉地域傳統(tǒng)體育項(xiàng)目溯其源、觀其流、還其本、探其律,并用動(dòng)態(tài)的視角探解其在當(dāng)今文化背景之下的傳承與保護(hù),這對(duì)當(dāng)前緩解民族文化危機(jī),提升和深化體育文化理論研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)體育文化的弘揚(yáng)和傳播都有重大現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。全文在結(jié)構(gòu)上分為七個(gè)部分,首先,筆者在充分論證了本研究的選題背景和選題緣由的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)所涉及的相關(guān)課題進(jìn)行了必要的學(xué)術(shù)史回顧,為后續(xù)的研究奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ)。其次,通過(guò)歷史文獻(xiàn)分析法解讀了研究中所涉及的核心概念“三晉”與“三晉文化”,同時(shí)也對(duì)本文的研究論域進(jìn)行了清晰界定。接下來(lái)的第三、四、五部分是本研究的主體部分,筆者采用“生計(jì)類型”跟“歷史文化區(qū)”相結(jié)合的分類辦法,將三晉分為晉北、晉中和晉南三個(gè)體育文化區(qū)域。將不同區(qū)域中典型的體育活動(dòng)方式放置于其土生土長(zhǎng)的生態(tài)和文化背景中,進(jìn)行詳細(xì)而認(rèn)真的“解剖麻雀”式微型研究,用文化人類學(xué)解讀區(qū)域體育文化與生境之間的關(guān)系,同時(shí)兼顧社會(huì)、政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化等制約條件,運(yùn)用文化人類學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)把鑲嵌于三晉文化中的體育文化用線性的語(yǔ)言呈現(xiàn)和闡釋出來(lái)。研究之初,一系列的問(wèn)題和假設(shè)構(gòu)建起了本研究的框架和思路,“如何改變以往粗線條、靜態(tài)描寫(xiě)的研究方式,通過(guò)鮮活典型的個(gè)案研究將三晉不同區(qū)域的體育文化特征形象逼真的展現(xiàn)出來(lái)?迄今鏃矢的考古學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)最早出現(xiàn)在晉北地區(qū),這是歷史的巧合還是人類社會(huì)發(fā)展的必然選擇?源自游牧民族的摔跤活動(dòng)為何獨(dú)在晉北地區(qū)有著悠久的歷史和廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ),并以“撓羊賽”的形式延續(xù)和傳承至今?晉北地區(qū)石球的大量考古發(fā)現(xiàn),又向世人展現(xiàn)了怎樣一個(gè)投擲類運(yùn)動(dòng)的發(fā)展歷程?明清時(shí)期形意拳、通背拳、鞭桿等一批特色鮮明的傳統(tǒng)拳械相繼產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展于晉中地區(qū),是偶然的現(xiàn)象么?晉商對(duì)山西武術(shù)的發(fā)展與興盛又做出了哪些貢獻(xiàn)?晉南地區(qū)的節(jié)慶民俗活動(dòng)之中又蘊(yùn)涵著多少傳統(tǒng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的元素和素材?”通過(guò)對(duì)上述問(wèn)題的一一解答,研究認(rèn)為三個(gè)區(qū)域擁有各自獨(dú)特的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),形成了不同的體育傳統(tǒng)特色。其中晉北地區(qū)由于其特殊的地理位置以及歷代與少數(shù)民族的接壤原因,形成了多民族融合尚武情節(jié)濃重的體育文化特點(diǎn)；晉中地區(qū)在晉商和鏢局文化的影響下,武術(shù)文化凸顯,各種拳種所表現(xiàn)出的樸實(shí)矯健,方便實(shí)用,簡(jiǎn)潔無(wú)華的文化內(nèi)涵和特點(diǎn)恰恰與晉商含蓄、內(nèi)斂、務(wù)實(shí)的性格特點(diǎn)不謀而合,也是三晉文化的沉積與反映；晉南地區(qū)完全處于農(nóng)耕文明區(qū),是黃河文明的發(fā)源地,農(nóng)業(yè)文明發(fā)達(dá),農(nóng)耕文化性鮮明,滋生于其中的歲時(shí)節(jié)令民俗體育文化所呈現(xiàn)出的傳承性、民俗性和史實(shí)性正是華夏文明的突出代表。再次,筆者通過(guò)對(duì)三個(gè)地區(qū)的體育文化異同的比較,總結(jié)出三晉體育文化的特點(diǎn),既原生態(tài)性和華夏文明主根脈性。三晉地區(qū)是中華文明的發(fā)源地,是華夏文化的基石和主根脈,三晉體育文化的多樣性正是整個(gè)華夏文明的縮影。由于生存和生活的需要而衍生的三晉體育文化,作為一種非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn),是當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣褚环N地域性的、集體的記憶和傳統(tǒng),以后都發(fā)展成為當(dāng)?shù)氐拿袼左w育,體現(xiàn)了濃重的原生態(tài)性。為了更進(jìn)一步感受三晉體育文化獨(dú)特的精神實(shí)質(zhì),筆者后續(xù)對(duì)春秋戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期兵家思想、魏晉南北朝時(shí)期佛家思想以及明清時(shí)期晉商文化思想對(duì)三晉體育文化的發(fā)展所起的根深地步的影響進(jìn)行了論證和分析。此外,筆者從文化人類學(xué)的角度對(duì)三晉區(qū)域體育文化進(jìn)行了總結(jié),并提出了三晉體育文化傳承的建議。體育形式最初現(xiàn)身的條件來(lái)自于大自然的饋贈(zèng)—能,對(duì)“能”的獲取和利用,推動(dòng)體育活動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展；饑餓威脅促使能的運(yùn)用,從而促使體育活動(dòng)的發(fā)展；環(huán)境不同,衍生出的文化也不同。而三晉體育文化的區(qū)域性、傳承性和多樣性正印證了這些人類學(xué)觀點(diǎn)。最后,筆者探賾索隱,力求尋找三晉體育文化傳承與發(fā)展的路徑；鉤深致遠(yuǎn),矢力推進(jìn)民族體育文化走向繁榮昌盛。提出的針對(duì)性發(fā)展建議如下：一是,拓寬體育文化的傳播路徑,尤其是讓體育文化與大眾傳媒和學(xué)校教育相結(jié)合,加強(qiáng)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)知識(shí)的普及并納入教育體系；二是,結(jié)合當(dāng)?shù)伢w育特色,多渠道、多層次、多形式發(fā)展三晉傳統(tǒng)體育產(chǎn)業(yè)文化；三是,建立一支有體育文化基礎(chǔ)的研究隊(duì)伍,開(kāi)展三晉體育文化學(xué)術(shù)交流；四是,要充分發(fā)揮政府的作用,加強(qiáng)宏觀調(diào)控,健全體育文化傳承保護(hù)的政策法規(guī)；五是,完善科學(xué)立法。三晉體育文化曾經(jīng)擁有輝煌的歷史,但現(xiàn)實(shí)的發(fā)展卻危機(jī)重重,這種情況在一定程度上也反映了中華傳統(tǒng)體育文化的蕭條之勢(shì)。本研究的最后部分針對(duì)三晉體育文化存在的問(wèn)題,提出了一些可行性的意見(jiàn)和建議,希望能對(duì)體育文化的傳承與發(fā)展起到一定實(shí)際作用。關(guān)于三晉體育文化的整體研究可以說(shuō)是剛剛起步,研究的框架還不十分明確,相關(guān)的研究理論還不十分成熟,仍處于開(kāi)創(chuàng)性的研究階段,希望通過(guò)今后的努力能夠?yàn)楫?dāng)代中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)體育文化的研究和發(fā)展提供一個(gè)有益的啟示。
[Abstract]:The three Jin Dynasties, with a long history and a long history, is an important source of heavy the Yellow River culture. The three Jin culture has made important contributions to the formation and development of Chinese civilization. The traditional sports culture in three Jin Dynasties is a bright pearl in the deep three Jin culture and occupies a decisive position in the study of the three Jin culture. Its position is deeply rooted in the fertile soil of the three Jin culture, and is preserved with its unique regional and inheriting self reproduction. Its development is the inevitable result of the inherent regulation of regional culture. The sports culture of Sanjin, with its Chinese heritage, is rich and colorful, and the characteristics of the style are inlaid in the 5000 years of China. In the context of civilization, the traditional humanistic ideal of "heart, body and life" is conceived. It is not only the operation of the productive and living skills of the working people, but also a community reflecting each other with the culture of the times and the mutual benefit of the exchanges with the gods and ancestors. The development and evolution of any kind of ground culture is not only the inner logic of culture. The historical process of entering is also the geographical process of the change of cultural space form, and thus produces a large number of regional differences and a series of regional cultures. However, the existing research lacks the overall grasp of the overall nature of the pluralistic and complex sports culture in the three Jin Dynasties and can not be used as a whole, connected, dynamic and hierarchical. It analyzes the logical path of sports cultural matters, and then separates a subtle and interactive natural process between the sports culture and the habitat, the corresponding regional culture and the spatial relations with the administration and the economy. It has narrowed the space and time force of sports culture, and at the same time, the achievements have been made for these intangible cultural relics. The study of inheritance and protection produced under the cultural background is also slightly inadequate. This study attempts to take the overall view of cultural anthropology and cultural relativity as the outline, the traditional sports events of the three Jin Dynasties as weft, and systematic theory to examine the composition and connotation of the three Jin sports culture, and draw lessons from the paradigm of regional cultural research. On the basis of Marx's dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the author adopts the related research methods of archaeology, historical philology, cultural anthropology and physical geography. It traces its source, views its current, and explores its law, and explores its cultural back in a dynamic perspective. The inheritance and protection under the scene is of great practical significance to the current relief of the national cultural crisis, the promotion and deepening of the theoretical research on sports culture, and the realization of the promotion and dissemination of sports culture. The full text is divided into seven parts. First, the author has fully demonstrated the background of this study and the reason for the selection of topics. The relevant topics have been reviewed in the necessary academic history, which laid a solid theoretical foundation for the follow-up study. Secondly, through the historical literature analysis, the core concepts involved in the study, "three Jin" and "three Jin culture", are interpreted. At the same time, the research domain of this article is clearly defined. The next third, fourth and five parts are In the main part of this study, the author uses the classification method of "livelihood type" and "historical and cultural area", and divides the three Jin Dynasties into three sports culture areas in northern Shanxi, Jinzhong and South Shanxi. The miniature study of sparrow, which uses cultural anthropology to interpret the relationship between regional sports culture and habitat, and takes into account the constraints of social, political, economic and cultural conditions, presents and interprets the sports culture inlaid in the Sanjin culture with the view of cultural anthropology. At the beginning of the study, a series of problems and assumptions. The framework and ideas of this study have been set up. "How to change the past rough lines, the static description of the research way, and through fresh and typical case studies to show the vivid image of the sports cultural features in different regions of the three Jin Dynasties? So far the archaeological discoveries are first appeared in the north of Shanxi Province, which is a coincidence of history or the social development of human society." The inevitable choice of the exhibition is why the wrestling activities originating from the nomadic people have a long history and a broad mass base in the north of Shanxi Province, and continue and pass on to the present day in the form of "scratch sheep". It is an accidental phenomenon that a batch of distinctive traditional boxing, such as the general back and the whip, has been produced and developed in Jinzhong. What contributions have been made to the development and prosperity of Shanxi Wushu? One by one, the study holds that the three regions have their own unique development veins and formed different sports traditional features. In the northern Shanxi region, because of its special geographical position and the reasons for the succession of ethnic minorities, the cultural characteristics of the multi ethnic combination and the strong martial plot are formed, and the Jinzhong region is in Shanxi merchants and Biao Juwen. Under the influence of the culture, the culture of martial arts is highlighted, the simplicity and practicality of various kinds of fist, simple and pragmatic cultural connotations and characteristics are exactly the same as the Shanxi Merchants' implicit, introverted and pragmatic characteristics, and the deposition and reflection of the Sanjin culture; the southern Jinnan region is the birthplace of the Yellow River civilization. The industry civilization is developed, the farming culture is distinct, the age of age which is born in it makes folklore sports culture inherit, folkloric and historical is the outstanding representative of Chinese civilization. Again, the author compares the similarities and differences of sports culture between the three regions, and summarizes the characteristics of the three Jin Sports culture, both the original ecology and the Chinese civilization. The three Jin region is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, the cornerstone of Chinese culture and the main root of Chinese culture. The diversity of sports culture in Sanjin is the epitome of the whole Chinese civilization. The three Jin sports culture, derived from the needs of existence and life, is a regional and collective memory of the local people as a kind of intangible cultural heritage. In order to further feel the spiritual essence of the unique sports culture of the three Jin Dynasties, the author followed the thoughts of the soldiers in the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the Buddhism thought in the period of the Wei, Jin, the northern and Southern Dynasties and the development of the sports culture of the Jin Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In addition, the author makes a demonstration and Analysis on the influence of deep roots. In addition, the author sums up the sports culture in the three Jin regions from the angle of cultural anthropology, and puts forward some suggestions on the inheritance of sports culture in the three Jin Dynasties. The original condition of the form of sports comes from the gift of nature, the acquisition and utilization of "energy", and the promotion of sports activities. The emergence and development; the threat of hunger impels the use of energy, thus promoting the development of sports activities; the environment is different, and the cultures derived are different. And the regional, inheriting and diversity of the sports culture of the three Jin Dynasties confirm these anthropological views. Finally, the author seeks to seek the path of the inheritance and development of the sports culture of the three Jin Dynasties. The suggestions are as follows: first, to broaden the path of sports culture, especially to combine sports culture with mass media and school education, to strengthen the knowledge of intangible cultural heritage and to bring into the educational system; two, combined with local sports. Characteristics, multi-channel, multi-level, multi form development of the traditional sports industry culture in three Jin Dynasties; three, establish a research team with sports culture foundation, carry out the academic exchange of sports culture in three Jin Dynasties; four, to give full play to the role of the government, strengthen macro-control and improve the policies and regulations of the protection of sports culture; and five, perfect science The sports culture in Sanjin once had a glorious history, but the development of the reality was in crisis. This situation also reflected the depression of Chinese traditional sports culture to a certain extent. The last part of this study put forward some feasible opinions and suggestions aiming at the problems of sports culture in Sanjin, hoping to be able to the sports culture. The overall study of the sports culture in Sanjin can be said to be just starting, the framework of the study is not very clear, the related research theory is still not very mature, still in the pioneering research stage, and hope that through the future efforts can be enough for the research and development of contemporary Chinese Traditional Sports culture. Provide a useful inspiration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：G80-05

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