發(fā)布時間：2018-05-14 09:57

  本文選題：女子 + 短距離速度滑冰　； 參考：《上海體育學(xué)院》2013年博士論文

【摘要】：研究目的：1）速度節(jié)奏是影響體能主導(dǎo)類競速項目運動成績的關(guān)鍵因素，且體能分配不合理已成為制約我國短距離速度滑冰快速發(fā)展的瓶頸。優(yōu)秀運動員全程速度節(jié)奏特征是該項目的重要制勝因素，研究和把握該因素是提高運動成績的快速途徑。為充實我國女子短距離速度滑冰速度節(jié)奏訓(xùn)練理論，提高訓(xùn)練實踐的科學(xué)性和實效性，促進項目的快速發(fā)展，研究了優(yōu)秀女子500米速度滑冰全程速度節(jié)奏特征；2）專項力量的訓(xùn)練水平在很大程度上影響了短距離速度滑冰運動員的競技能力，未抓住和把握速度滑冰專項力量的肌肉用力特征致使力量訓(xùn)練實踐出現(xiàn)盲目和低效問題。為了提高力量訓(xùn)練的專項性、針對性和實效性以促進項目的快速發(fā)展，研究了我國女子短距離速度滑冰運動員的專項力量肌肉用力特征。 研究方法：通過數(shù)字滑冰場測試和國際滑聯(lián)官方網(wǎng)站查詢了短距離速度滑冰運動員的分段比賽數(shù)據(jù)，在數(shù)理統(tǒng)計和理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上研究了優(yōu)秀女子500m速度滑冰運動員全程速度節(jié)奏特征。運用ME6000肌電測試系統(tǒng)和高清攝像機Panasonic，同步采集我國優(yōu)秀女子500m速度滑冰運動員冰上專項和陸地模仿下肢蹬冰過程的專項力量肌肉用力特征。原始肌電由ME6000自帶軟件MEGWIN分析處理，導(dǎo)出RMS、iEMG和均方根肌電圖。RMS肌電幅值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和時間歸一，以及肌電模型互相關(guān)和肌電模型圖在matlab7.0中完成。肌肉做功百分比圖和肌肉激活強度圖在origin7.0中完成。研究結(jié)論： 1.優(yōu)秀女子500m速度滑冰運動員全程速度節(jié)奏具有較強的規(guī)律性，其節(jié)奏特征是：外道滑行時，第一直段快速加速，第一彎道穩(wěn)定增速，，第二直段緩慢增速后維持高速滑行，第二彎道明顯降速后維持速度滑行，第三直段調(diào)整后努力維持速度滑行；內(nèi)道滑行時，前100米快速加速，112米分段降低加速節(jié)奏，第一彎道保持速度穩(wěn)定增長；出第一彎道后速度增長放慢，然后在入第二彎道前勻速前進；第二彎道仍然保持較穩(wěn)定的速度節(jié)奏，出第二彎道后適時降速緩沖，然后努力維持高速滑進。 2.在女子500m速度滑冰中，前100米成績和最大速度能力是獲取優(yōu)異運動成績的基礎(chǔ)，加速節(jié)奏和維持高速滑跑能力對運動成績有較大影響；合理控制入第一彎內(nèi)道和第二彎內(nèi)道速度，出第二彎道應(yīng)適時主動緩沖，不宜強行加速。 3.我國優(yōu)秀女子500m速度滑冰運動員支撐腿動作技術(shù)穩(wěn)定，且肌肉用力特征相似：脛骨前肌和股前群肌是主要做功肌群，脛骨前肌的屈過程激活程度更大，而股前群肌是蹬伸過程的激活程度更大，脛骨前肌著冰前就處于持續(xù)發(fā)力狀態(tài)，蹬冰時滅活，股前群肌著冰前出現(xiàn)預(yù)激活，離冰時滅活。構(gòu)建的個體及集體肌電模型均具有較高參考借鑒價值。 4.陸地直道模仿與冰上直道支撐腿肌肉用力特征相似，該練習(xí)具有較高的專項力量訓(xùn)練價值，但在肌肉激活強度、屈伸時程比和脛骨前肌做功時程方面需改善；陸地彎道牽引與冰上彎道支撐腿肌肉用力特征存在一定差異，需在動作速度、外界負荷、支撐條件等方面加以改善，以進一步提高力量訓(xùn)練的專項性。
[Abstract]:The research purpose : 1 ) The speed rhythm is the key factor that affects the sports performance of the sports leading type racing program , and the physical energy distribution is unreasonable and has become the bottleneck which restricts the fast development of short - distance speed skating . The speed rhythm characteristic of the excellent athletes is the important factor of the project . The research and grasp of the factor is the fast way to improve the sports scores . To enrich our country women ' s short - distance speed skating speed rhythm training theory , improve the scientific character and the actual effect of the training practice , and promote the rapid development of the project , the paper studies the whole speed rhythm characteristics of the excellent women ' s 500 meters speed skating ice .
2 ) The training level of special power affects the sports ability of short - distance speed skating athletes to a great extent , which causes blind and low - efficiency problems in the practice of strength training . In order to improve the speciality , pertinence and effectiveness of strength training to promote the rapid development of the project , the special strength and muscle strength characteristics of women ' s short - distance speed skating athletes are studied .

Based on the statistics and theoretical analysis , the author has studied the characteristics of the speed rhythm of the long - range speed skating athletes . By using the ME6000 EMG test system and the high - definition camera Panasonic , the special force and muscle force characteristics of the excellent women 500m speed skating athletes in China are studied . The RMS , iEMG and root mean square EMG are derived by the ME6000 self - contained software MEGWIN analysis . The muscle power percentage map and muscle activation intensity map are completed in origin7.0 . The conclusion is as follows :

1 . The speed rhythm of the excellent women 500m speed skating athletes has a strong regularity , and the rhythm is characterized by the rapid acceleration of the first curve , the steady increase of the first curve and the sustained high - speed sliding of the second straight section after the second straight section slides slowly .
When the inner passage slides , the first 100 meters are rapidly accelerated and the 112 - meter section decreases the acceleration rhythm , and the first curve keeps stable growth ;
the speed growth after the first curve is slowed down , and then the first curve is advanced at a constant speed before entering the second curve ;
the second curve still maintains a relatively stable speed rhythm , the second curve is then lowered and buffered at the right time , and then the high - speed slide is maintained .

2 . In women 500m speed skating , the first 100 meters and the maximum speed capability are the basis for obtaining excellent sports scores , and the acceleration rhythm and the ability to maintain high - speed skating have great influence on sports scores ;
reasonably control the speed of the first curved inner channel and the second curved inner channel , and the second curve track should be actively buffered at the right time , so that the acceleration is not suitable to be forcibly accelerated .

3 . The support leg movement technique of the excellent women 500m speed skating athletes is stable , and the muscle strength is similar to that of the anterior muscle of the tibia and the anterior group of femoral anterior group is the main work muscle group , the flexion process activation degree of the anterior tibial muscle is greater , and the anterior group muscle is in the sustained hair condition before the anterior muscle of the tibia , the pre - activation of the anterior group muscle before the ice is activated , and the inactivation is inactivated when the anterior group muscle is de - icing . The constructed individual and the collective muscle electrical model have higher reference value .

4 . The imitation of the land direct track is similar to that of the straight supporting leg muscles of the ice . The practice has higher specific strength training value , but it needs improvement in the muscle activation strength , the extension time course ratio and the time history of the anterior tibial muscle .
There is a certain difference between the traction of the land curve and the muscle strength of the supporting leg of the upper curve of the ice . It is necessary to improve the dynamic speed , the external load and the supporting conditions , so as to further improve the special ability of the strength training .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海體育學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G862.1

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