發(fā)布時間：2018-04-19 13:07

  本文選題：非政府組織 + 行政主體地位��； 參考：《南昌大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：作為一種新興社會現(xiàn)象,非政府組織成為了各類學(xué)術(shù)研究的共同話題,也導(dǎo)致了空前的爭議。反思傳統(tǒng)的行政法學(xué)體系可以看出,非政府組織的公共行政占據(jù)了現(xiàn)代公共行政的重要比例,并呈現(xiàn)出日益上升的趨勢。非政府組織之勃興使傳統(tǒng)行政主體理論遭遇重重困境,要突破這一困境則需要通過變革傳統(tǒng)行政主體理論去容納現(xiàn)實中非政府組織參與公共行政的現(xiàn)象。行政法上的非政府組織是指不以營利為目的,除國家機關(guān)(以行政機關(guān)為代表)、事業(yè)單位、經(jīng)濟組織以外提供公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的所有社會組織,其典型形態(tài)包括社會團體、行業(yè)組織和民辦非企業(yè)單位。非政府組織是一種現(xiàn)代新型行政主體,不僅要強調(diào)其與政府之間的合作關(guān)系,還要凸顯其與政府之間的制約關(guān)系。從目前的情況看,作為行政主體的非政府組織已擁有規(guī)范制定權(quán)、公共事務(wù)管理權(quán)、非法律懲罰權(quán)和爭議解決權(quán)等多項公共行政權(quán)力。因此,從立法、執(zhí)法、司法和守法層面對非政府組織行使公共行政權(quán)力進行法律監(jiān)督在當(dāng)下中國顯得尤為必要。我們的基本觀點是,今后的理論和實踐可考慮從制定非政府組織基本法、推行以專門管理和分類管理為基礎(chǔ)的行政管理體制、確立通過行政訴訟的司法監(jiān)督方式、健全非政府組織自律管理制度等四個角度入手去完善我國非政府組織的法律監(jiān)督。全文除了“導(dǎo)論”和“結(jié)論與展望”以外,分為五章。第一章是對非政府組織興起與行政主體理論變革之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系的分析。本章首先分析了非政府組織興起的現(xiàn)實背景——新公共管理運動、理論基礎(chǔ)——“公民社會”、“法團主義”和“治理理論”以及非政府組織在行政法領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)生的必然性。其次,揭示了傳統(tǒng)行政主體理論在面對事實上的非政府組織公共行政行為時所遭遇的“一元性的理論和多元化的現(xiàn)實之間的脫節(jié)”的內(nèi)在矛盾。最后,則提出了變革行政主體理論的基本框架,即把行政主體確立為兩類三種:兩類是指國家行政主體和社會公共行政主體,三種是指作為職權(quán)性行政主體的行政機關(guān)、作為授權(quán)性行政主體的法律、法規(guī)授權(quán)的組織,作為自治性行政主體的非政府組織。第二章是非政府組織的基本理論。本章考察了非政府組織與相關(guān)近似概念之間的關(guān)系后指出,行政法上的非政府組織是指不以營利為目的,除國家機關(guān)(以行政機關(guān)為代表)、事業(yè)單位、經(jīng)濟組織以外提供公共產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)的所有社會組織,其典型形態(tài)包括社會團體、行業(yè)組織和民辦非企業(yè)單位。本章分析了非政府組織在法律屬性上所具有的雙重性和復(fù)合性,同時論述了行政法上非政府組織所具有的四個法律特征,即非政府性、非營利性、自治性和公益性。本章還對非政府組織的制度功能進行了重點闡述。這些功能具體包括:第一,踐行參與式治理模式,推進行政民主化進程;第二,克服“雙重失靈”,提升公共行政效率;第三,疏導(dǎo)化解矛盾,構(gòu)建和諧社會。第三章是非政府組織行政主體地位的確立。本章主要從“行政主體——行政相對人”二元框架出發(fā)去分析和討論非政府組織行政主體地位確立的法理依據(jù)和非政府組織在傳統(tǒng)行政法中的角色定位,最后則明確指出非政府組織在現(xiàn)代行政法上是一種新型行政主體。本章強調(diào),作為行政主體的非政府組織在具體行政法律體系中的地位和作用主要是通過其與政府組織之間的行政法律關(guān)系所體現(xiàn)出來的,這具體包括政府組織與準(zhǔn)政府組織之間的合作關(guān)系,以及準(zhǔn)政府組織與政府組織之間的制約關(guān)系兩方面。第四章是非政府組織公共行政權(quán)力的提出。本章首先論述了非政府組織公共行政權(quán)力提出的法治意義,并指出非政府組織行使公共行政權(quán)力主要有兩種形式,即外部行政行為和內(nèi)部行政行為。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本章指出公共利益是非政府組織公共行政權(quán)力生成的理論依據(jù);法律法規(guī)授權(quán)、行政委托、內(nèi)部契約讓渡、法律確權(quán)是非政府組織公共行政權(quán)力的主要來源渠道;非政府組織公共行政權(quán)力中的授權(quán)委托性公共行政權(quán)力在性質(zhì)上屬于國家權(quán)力范疇,而其中的自治性公共行政權(quán)力屬于社會權(quán)力范疇。最后,本章論述了非政府組織公共行政權(quán)力的四個基本形態(tài),即規(guī)范制定權(quán)、公共事務(wù)管理權(quán)、非法律懲罰權(quán)和爭議解決權(quán)。第五章是對非政府組織行使公共行政權(quán)力的法律監(jiān)督。本章首先指出目前我國非政府組織法律監(jiān)督的現(xiàn)狀主要體現(xiàn)在以下四個方面:一是非政府組織基本法的缺失導(dǎo)致立法監(jiān)督缺位;二是既有的行政管理體制極易造成監(jiān)管重疊或缺位;三是司法審查機制不完善致使司法監(jiān)督難以有效實施;四是自律管理方式不健全導(dǎo)致守法監(jiān)督流于形式。隨后,本章在考察世界各國尤其是俄羅斯對非政府組織法律監(jiān)督情況的基礎(chǔ)上指出,我國應(yīng)當(dāng)吸收和借鑒其中的有益經(jīng)驗和做法。最后,則指出要從制定非政府組織基本法、推行以專門管理和分類管理為基礎(chǔ)的行政管理體制、確立通過行政訴訟的司法監(jiān)督方式、健全非政府組織自律管理制度等四個角度入手去完善我國非政府組織的法律監(jiān)督。
[Abstract]:As a new social phenomenon, non-governmental organizations have become the common topics of various academic studies and have led to unprecedented disputes. Reflecting on the traditional administrative law system, it can be seen that the public administration of non-governmental organizations occupies an important proportion of modern public administration and presents an increasing trend. The traditional administrative subject theory is confronted with many difficulties. To break through this dilemma, the traditional administrative subject theory should be changed to accommodate the participation of non-governmental organizations in the public administration. The non-governmental organizations in the administrative law refer to the state organs (represented by the administrative organs), institutions and economic organizations, which are not for profit. All social organizations providing public goods and services, which typically include social groups, industry organizations and private non enterprise units. NGOs are a modern new type of administrative body, not only to emphasize the relationship between them and the government, but also to highlight the constraints between the government and the government. The non-governmental organizations of the political subject have a number of public administrative powers, such as the standard of formulation, the management of public affairs, the right of non legal punishment and the right to settle disputes. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to exercise legal supervision from the legislative, law enforcement, judicial and law-abiding layers to exercise public administrative power in the face of non-governmental organizations. In the future, the theory and practice can consider the legal supervision of the non-governmental organizations from four angles, such as the establishment of the basic law of non-governmental organizations, the implementation of the administrative system based on special management and classification management, the establishment of judicial supervision through administrative litigation and the improvement of the self-discipline management system of non-governmental organizations. Apart from "Introduction" and "conclusion and prospect", it is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the analysis of the internal relationship between the rise of non-governmental organizations and the theoretical change of the administrative subject. This chapter first analyzes the realistic background of the rise of non-governmental organizations, the new public management movement, the theoretical basis, "civil society", "corporatism" and " The theory of governance and the inevitability of non-governmental organizations in the field of administrative law. Secondly, it reveals the inherent contradiction between the "one dollar theory and the disintegration of diversified realities" encountered by the traditional administrative subject theory in the face of the factual non-governmental organizations' public administration behavior. Finally, it puts forward the reform of the administrative subject principle. The basic framework of the theory is to establish the administrative subject as three kinds of two categories: the two category refers to the state administrative subject and the social public administration body, the three means the administrative organs as the authority administrative body, the law authorized by the authorized administrative body, the non governmental organization as the autonomous administrative subject. The second chapter is the non-government. The basic theory of organization. This chapter examines the relationship between non-governmental organizations and related approximate concepts, and points out that the non-governmental organizations in administrative law refer to all social organizations that provide public goods and services except for the purpose of profit, except for the state organs (represented by the administrative organs), institutions and economic organizations. Social organizations, industry organizations and private non enterprise units. This chapter analyses the dual and complex characteristics of non-governmental organizations in legal attributes, and discusses four legal characteristics of non-governmental organizations in administrative law, namely, non-governmental, non profit, autonomy and public welfare. This chapter also provides the institutional functions of non-governmental organizations. These functions include: first, practicing the participatory governance model, promoting the process of administrative democratization; second, overcoming "double failure", improving the efficiency of public administration; third, dredging the contradictions and building a harmonious society. The third chapter is the establishment of the status of the administrative subject of non-governmental organization. This chapter mainly from "the administrative subject" The two yuan framework of administrative relative is the legal basis for the analysis and discussion of the establishment of the status of the administrative subject of non-governmental organizations and the role of non-governmental organizations in the traditional administrative law. Finally, it is pointed out that the non-governmental organization is a new administrative subject in the modern administrative law. This chapter emphasizes the non government as the main body of administration. The position and function of the organization in the specific administrative legal system is mainly reflected by the administrative legal relationship between the organization and the government organization, which includes two aspects: the cooperative relationship between the government organization and the quasi government organization, and the restrictive relationship between the quasi government organization and the government organization. The fourth chapter is the non-governmental organization. This chapter first discusses the significance of the rule of law in the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations, and points out that there are two main forms of the exercise of public administrative power by non-governmental organizations, namely, the external administrative act and the internal administrative act. On this basis, this chapter points out that the public interest is the generation of the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations. The theoretical basis, the authorization of the laws and regulations, the administrative entrustment, the transfer of the internal contract, the legal right of confirmation are the main sources of the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations, and the authorised public administrative power in the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations belongs to the category of state power in nature, and the autonomy of the public administrative power belongs to the social right. Finally, this chapter discusses the four basic forms of the public administrative power of non-governmental organizations, namely, the right to regulate, the management of public affairs, the right of non legal punishment and the right to settle disputes. The fifth chapter is the legal supervision of the exercise of the power of the public administration by non-governmental organizations. The chapter first points out the present legal supervision of non-governmental organizations in China. The form is mainly embodied in the following four aspects: first, the lack of the basic law of non-governmental organizations leads to the absence of legislative supervision; the two is that the existing administrative system can easily cause superposition or absence of supervision; the three is that the judicial review mechanism is not perfect and the judicial supervision is difficult to be effectively implemented; and the four is that the law of self law management is not perfect and the supervision of law-abiding is flowing into the form. Then, on the basis of examining the legal supervision of non-governmental organizations in all countries, especially in Russia, this chapter points out that our country should absorb and draw on useful experiences and practices. Finally, it points out that the basic law of non-governmental organizations should be formulated and the administrative system based on special management and classification management should be carried out. We should improve the legal supervision of China's non-governmental organizations through the following four angles: the judicial supervision of administrative litigation and the improvement of the self-regulation system of non-governmental organizations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：D632.9
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本文編號：1773215