本文選題：人民公社制 + 鄉(xiāng)政村治　； 參考：《上海社會科學(xué)院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】："農(nóng)村興,天下興。"作為一個傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)大國,在今后相當(dāng)長的歷史時期內(nèi),我國仍將有相當(dāng)比重的人口居住、生活在鄉(xiāng)村,鄉(xiāng)村社會的繁榮穩(wěn)定與否事關(guān)現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)事業(yè)的全局。鄉(xiāng)村問題千頭萬緒,其中最突出的問題之一應(yīng)當(dāng)是鄉(xiāng)村治理體制問題。鄉(xiāng)村治理體制,也稱為鄉(xiāng)村治理模式或鄉(xiāng)村治理結(jié)構(gòu),一般是指鄉(xiāng)村治理主體在各自權(quán)力、職責(zé)范圍基礎(chǔ)上的行為模式以及相互之間的關(guān)系。鄉(xiāng)村治理體制合理與否直接關(guān)乎鄉(xiāng)村治理的成效,而鄉(xiāng)村治理的效果不僅關(guān)系到農(nóng)民的生活和命運,也與國家的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展緊密相連。作為一個文明古國,中國在很長的歷史時期居于世界領(lǐng)先地位的成功經(jīng)驗之一,在于歷朝歷代都十分重視鄉(xiāng)村治理,形成了以"縣政紳治"為主要內(nèi)容和特色的鄉(xiāng)村治理體制。建國以來,我國不同歷史時期鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展狀況,也與同時期鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的結(jié)構(gòu)與特點密切相關(guān)。黨的十八屆三中全會通過的《中共中央關(guān)于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定》明確提出了推進和實現(xiàn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化的戰(zhàn)略目標。治理概念第一次正式載入黨中央的文件中,標志著黨對治國理政規(guī)律和趨勢認識和把握上的進一步深化,是馬克思主義中國化的一項最新成果。治理理論的基本要義在于承認國家與市場、國家與社會相對分離的基礎(chǔ)上,強調(diào)多元治理主體通過互動、協(xié)商建立合作伙伴關(guān)系,共同管理社會公共事務(wù),實現(xiàn)社會"善治"的目標。科學(xué)合理的國家治理體制是國家治理體系的有機組成部分,是實現(xiàn)國家治理現(xiàn)代化的必備條件。鄉(xiāng)村治理體制作為國家治理體制不可或缺的有機組成部分,鄉(xiāng)村社會的穩(wěn)定與發(fā)展能力與鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的安排密切相關(guān),有效的鄉(xiāng)村治理體制是國家和社會穩(wěn)定的基石。因此,構(gòu)建科學(xué)合理的鄉(xiāng)村治理體制,對于實現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村乃至整個國家治理現(xiàn)代化來說具有基礎(chǔ)性意義。但是,現(xiàn)行的鄉(xiāng)村治理體制本身還存在著黨政不分、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)基層政權(quán)"懸浮化"和"謀利化"、村民自治組織過度行政化、"鄉(xiāng)政"與"村治"之間的過度博弈和不協(xié)調(diào)、社會組織發(fā)育不健全等諸多問題,與治理理念和鄉(xiāng)村治理現(xiàn)代化的應(yīng)然要求之間還存在較大差距。在新型城鎮(zhèn)化和國家治理現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略目標提出和實施的新時期,鄉(xiāng)村治理體制變革的趨勢和取向何在?科學(xué)合理的鄉(xiāng)村治理體制如何建構(gòu)?這些時代主題問題,需要我們作出有效回應(yīng)。我們既要充分汲取人類共同文明成果的營養(yǎng),也要在中國歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)中尋找基因,以我國鄉(xiāng)村治理中遇到的問題為導(dǎo)向,在中國特色社會主義的制度框架內(nèi)建構(gòu)科學(xué)合理的鄉(xiāng)村治理體制,突顯中國特色、中國風(fēng)格和中國氣派。上個世紀九十年代以來我國學(xué)術(shù)研究史上的一個重要坐標就是"國家——社會"關(guān)系研究視角的興起。這一理論范式在極短的時間內(nèi)就以極強的影響力迅速羼入各學(xué)科并形成一股新的學(xué)術(shù)思潮。"國家——社會"關(guān)系研究視角為社會科學(xué)的研究提供了一種比較有效的分析和解釋的理論工具,但從西方社會引入的"國家——社會"關(guān)系研究范式是建立在市場機制比較健全以及競爭性政黨制度的社會基礎(chǔ)之上。因此,運用"國家——社會"關(guān)系范式研究中國問題時,需要充分結(jié)合中國的具體國情,實現(xiàn)"國家——社會"關(guān)系范式研究的中國化。本文以治理理論為基礎(chǔ),以中國化的"國家——社會"關(guān)系為研究范式,對建國以來鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的變遷進行研究,試圖找出內(nèi)在的趨勢與規(guī)律,并充分結(jié)合中國的具體國情,為新時期鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的創(chuàng)新和完善提供建議。具體而言,不同于西方語境下將國家等同于政府,本文將國家分為黨和政府兩個層面予以考察。中國共產(chǎn)黨在我國的執(zhí)政地位是歷史形成的,作為革命和建設(shè)的核心力量,它往往是頂層制度設(shè)計者和推動者,在建國以來我國鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的形成和變革中發(fā)揮著核心作用。鄉(xiāng)村治理的成效和鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的變革與市場作用的發(fā)揮密切相關(guān),本文將市場的定位與作用這一變量納入到鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的形成和變革的研究中。結(jié)合中國的具體國情,論文將西方語境下的"社會",細化、中國化為鄉(xiāng)村正式社會組織、民間組織、農(nóng)民、鄉(xiāng)村精英等社會主體要素分別予以詳盡考察。中國作為一個傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)業(yè)大國,農(nóng)民在總?cè)丝谥兴急戎剌^高。隨著新型城鎮(zhèn)化的推進,農(nóng)民的數(shù)量將會逐漸減少。但在未來相當(dāng)長時期內(nèi),仍然會有相當(dāng)數(shù)量農(nóng)民的存在。農(nóng)民不僅僅是鄉(xiāng)村治理的對象,作為鄉(xiāng)村社會的真正主人,他們更應(yīng)該成為鄉(xiāng)村治理的有效主體。本文將農(nóng)民這一鄉(xiāng)村社會重要構(gòu)成要素獨列出來予以考察,他們參與鄉(xiāng)村治理的意愿和能力,直接關(guān)系到鄉(xiāng)村治理成效乃至新時期鄉(xiāng)村社會"善治"目標能否實現(xiàn)�；谥袊鴤鹘y(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村治理之道的經(jīng)驗借鑒以及在當(dāng)代鄉(xiāng)村治理中實際重要作用發(fā)揮方面的考量,在新時期鄉(xiāng)村治理體制創(chuàng)新路徑研究中,本文還將鄉(xiāng)村精英這一重要的鄉(xiāng)村社會構(gòu)成要素單列出來予以更加深入細致的考察。論文通過探討政黨(中國共產(chǎn)黨)、政府、農(nóng)民、市場、社會組織等多元鄉(xiāng)村治理主體要素,在建國以來我國鄉(xiāng)村治理體制變遷中的定位、作用發(fā)揮和相互關(guān)系以及相應(yīng)的歷史經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),為新時期我國鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的變革與完善提供借鑒。論文通過研究認為,建國以來我國鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的變遷,主要是由相應(yīng)歷史時期經(jīng)濟、政治和社會發(fā)展需要決定的,并受不同的時代特征、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣等諸多因素的影響。從主體的視域來看,建國以來我國鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的歷史嬗變主要受四個方面因素的影響和制約:黨和國家的戰(zhàn)略理念和制度設(shè)計、市場的地位和作用的場域、廣大農(nóng)民的主體地位和自主意識、社會組織的發(fā)育程度和作用空間。"蓮發(fā)藕生,必定有根"。鄉(xiāng)村治理體制的創(chuàng)新設(shè)計"不是在一張白紙上繪圖,而是在鄉(xiāng)村社會既有格局基礎(chǔ)上,通過對現(xiàn)有治理困境的深度反思和審視來尋找靈感和答案"。據(jù)此,論文通過研究認為,在新型城鎮(zhèn)化和國家治理現(xiàn)代化戰(zhàn)略目標提出和實施的新時期,我們應(yīng)在現(xiàn)有的"鄉(xiāng)政村治"模式基礎(chǔ)上進行變革與創(chuàng)新,積極構(gòu)建"政黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、政府主導(dǎo)、農(nóng)民主體、市場引導(dǎo)、全社會參與"多元主體協(xié)商共治的鄉(xiāng)村治理體制,保證政黨、國家、市場、農(nóng)民、社會組織等不同治理主體要素之間結(jié)構(gòu)的合理化,實現(xiàn)它們之間的良性互動,發(fā)揮它們各自在鄉(xiāng)村治理中的積極作用,助推鄉(xiāng)村治理現(xiàn)代化目標之達至。
[Abstract]:"Rural world Xing, Xing." as a traditional agricultural country, in a long period in our country, there will still be a considerable proportion of the population living in the country, rural social stability and prosperity and not concerning modernization. The global village problem 1000 Wan, one of the most prominent the problem should be the rural governance system. Rural governance system, also known as the model of rural governance and rural governance structure, generally refers to the rural governance in their power, the relationship between the scope of duties on the basis of the mode of behavior and mutual. Rural governance system is reasonable or not directly related to the effectiveness of Rural Governance, rural governance the effect is not only related to the life and the fate of farmers, is closely connected with the stability and development of the country. As a country with an ancient civilization, Chinese leading position in the world's success in a very long period of history The experience of one, is the Chinese dynasties attaches great importance to rural governance, rural governance system to form a "county gentry rule" as the main content and characteristic. Since the founding of new China, the development of rural economic and social conditions in different historical periods in China, and at the same time structure and characteristics of rural governance system is closely related to the party in the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee through "the CPC Central Committee on deepening reform of the overall number of major issues in the decision" clearly put forward to promote and achieve the strategic objectives of the national governance system and governance capacity modernization. The concept of governance of the CPC Central Committee in the first official document, marks a further deepening of the party governance of the rule of law and trend of understanding and grasp, is a new the results of the Marx doctrine China. The basic meaning of governance theory is that the state and the market, based on the relative separation of state and society, emphasize the meta governance The subject through interaction, negotiation partnerships, joint management of social and public affairs, to realize the social target of "good governance". The scientific and reasonable national governance system is an integral part of the national governance system, is the essential condition to realize the modernization of national governance. Rural governance system an integral part of national governance system. The rural social stability and development ability of rural governance and institutional arrangements are closely related to rural governance system effectively is the cornerstone of national and social stability. Therefore, the construction of rural governance system is scientific and reasonable, is of fundamental significance for the modernization of rural governance and the whole country. However, the current rural governance system itself still exists regardless of party, grassroots "suspension township" and "profit", the autonomous organization of villagers excessive administration, "between the township government and village autonomy. Game and coordination degree, development of social organization is not perfect and so many problems, there is a big gap between the ideal and concept of governance and rural governance modernization requirements. In the new period of the strategic goal of the new urbanization and the modernization of national governance is proposed and implemented, where the trend and orientation of rural governance system reform? How to reasonable rural the construction of governance system? These problems need us to the theme of the times, respond effectively. We should fully learn the achievements of human civilization nutrition, but also to find Chinese gene in the context of historical development, to meet China's rural governance problems in the construction of rural governance system oriented, scientific and reasonable in the institutional framework China socialism in China highlight the characteristics, style and style. China Chinese 90s since the last century the history of academic research in China is one of the important coordinates "The rise of nation society relationship research perspective. The theory in a very short period of time with a strong influence of the rapid introduction of various disciplines and the formation of a new academic thought." state - society "perspective for social science research provides a theoretical tool for the analysis and interpretation of more than effective, but from the introduction of the western society of" state - society "relationship paradigm is based on the social basis of the market mechanism is relatively perfect and competitive party system. Therefore, the use of" state - society "Fan Shiyan the China problem, need to fully combine with the specific conditions China, implementation of" state - society "study on the relationship of Chinese paradigm. This thesis is based on the theory of governance, to China of" state - society "as the research paradigm, research on the changes of rural governance system since the founding of new China, test Figure out trend and inherent law, and combine the specific conditions China, provide suggestions for the rural governance system innovation in the new era and perfect. In particular, different from the western countries in the context of the equivalent of the government, the country is divided into two levels of the party and the government to be investigated. China is formed in the history of the Communist Party our country's ruling position, as the core strength of the revolution and construction, it is often the top system designer and promoter, since the founding of a central role to play in the formation and reform of system of rural governance in China. The play of rural governance and rural governance effect of system reform and the role of the market is closely related to this research a variable and function of market positioning into the formation and change of the rural governance system. Combined with the specific conditions China, the western context of "society", refinement, as China Rural formal social organizations, non-governmental organizations, farmers, rural elite and other social subject elements were given detailed study. China as a traditional agricultural country, farmers accounted for a higher proportion of the total population. With the advance of new urbanization, the number of farmers will be gradually reduced. But in the future for a long time, still there will be a considerable number of farmers. Farmers is not only the object of rural governance, as the true master of the rural society, they should become the main effective rural governance. The farmers in this village only a list of important social elements to be investigated, their participation willingness and ability of rural governance, is directly related to the rural society "the effectiveness of the new period of rural governance and good governance" can achieve the goal. Chinese traditional rural governance experience and in the contemporary rural governance based on the actual important role Play the considerations in the study of institutional innovation path of rural governance in the new period, this paper will also rural elite which is one of the most important elements of the rural society singled out to be investigated more deeply. The paper discusses the Party (Communist Party China), the government, farmers, market, social organizations and other multi subject elements in rural governance, positioning since the founding of China's rural governance system change, and the relationship between the role and historical experiences and lessons accordingly, provide a reference for our country in the new period and improve the rural governance system reform. This essay thinks, to change the system of rural governance in China since the founding of new China, mainly by economic history, politics and society development needs to be determined, and the influence of different characteristics of the times, customs and other factors. From the view of main body, system of governance in rural China since the founding of new China The historical evolution is mainly affected by four factors and constraints: strategic concept and system design of the party and the state, the field position and the role of the market, the majority of farmers and the dominant position of independent consciousness, the degree of development of space and the role of social organizations. "Lotus lotus root hair, must have the innovation root." the design of "rural governance system is not drawing on a piece of paper, but in the rural society is based on the pattern, and examine the depth of reflection of existing Governance Dilemma to find inspiration and answer". Accordingly, this essay thinks, in the new period of strategic goal of the new urbanization and the modernization of national governance is proposed and implemented we should, in the existing village governance "mode on the basis of reform and innovation, and actively build" Party leadership, government guidance, farmers' subjectivity, to guide the market, the whole society to participate in "rural governance system of multi agent negotiation of governance We should ensure the rationalization of the structure of different governance entities among political parties, countries, markets, farmers, social organizations and so on, so as to achieve positive interaction between them and give full play to their respective positive role in rural governance, so as to boost the goal of modernization of rural governance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海社會科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D422.6
，

本文編號：1760131