本文選題：賽艇技術(shù)　切入點：驅(qū)動力　出處：《上海體育學院》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：賽艇是高強度下多次周期性重復的力量-耐力項目。賽艇穿越2000米的賽道大約需要210?240槳,運動員每一個劃槳周期技術(shù)動作的細微不同會在多次的重復中被放大。艇速是由每一槳劃槳效果累加起來的外部表現(xiàn),因此,每一槳劃槳效果都可以被看作是制勝的基礎,它取決于劃槳技術(shù)和技術(shù)能力。在運動訓練實踐中,良好的技術(shù)不僅表現(xiàn)在動作外形上,更重要是體現(xiàn)在動作的內(nèi)在感覺上。一般認為,正確的動作外形能反映運動技術(shù)外在的合理性,而動作的“內(nèi)在力度”才是決定技術(shù)優(yōu)劣的關(guān)鍵。大多數(shù)“內(nèi)在力度”是人類肉眼無法識別的,必須借助一定的科學測試工具,運用正確的測試方法才能獲得。賽艇劃槳技術(shù)指標有上百個,到底哪些指標用來診斷技術(shù)的優(yōu)劣最科學,為什么?教練員的主觀經(jīng)驗判斷是否科學合理?這些問題都需要通過測試去驗證。本研究選取26名國家隊公開級賽艇運動員為研究對象,在專家訪談的基礎上,運用李克特五級量表進行兩輪的專家篩選,運用定量統(tǒng)計法計算各指標權(quán)重,構(gòu)建劃槳技術(shù)專家診斷體系。采用中科院水上實船運動生物力學測試系統(tǒng)進行實船測試獲取多項技術(shù)指標,運用探索性因子分析方法、主成分分析法建立基于實船測試的賽艇劃槳技術(shù)診斷關(guān)鍵指標體系,對照這些指標,運用Croker-ora進行是技術(shù)測試。主要結(jié)論如下:第一,賽艇劃槳技術(shù)關(guān)鍵指標確立為:左右手專項能力、拉槳效率、推槳效果、艇速波動、拉槳幅度、推拉比、上下肢發(fā)力連貫性、槳葉抓水效果、每槳重復率、左右槳力重復對稱率。性別因素并未對關(guān)鍵指標的確立產(chǎn)生明顯影響。第二,國家隊公開級賽艇雙槳運動員的技術(shù)類型以B型為主,具體為:11名男子公開級運動員當中,有3人為技術(shù)類型A,6人為技術(shù)類型B,2人為技術(shù)類型C。15名女子公開級運動員當中,有5人為技術(shù)類型A,7人為技術(shù)類型B,3人為技術(shù)類型C。第三,依據(jù)劃槳技術(shù)診斷指標體系,運用實船測試可將運動員技術(shù)水平進行分層,具體為:將15名女子賽艇運動員分成四個梯隊,第一梯隊:YHJ、YWX、JY;第二梯隊:LX、WL、WXM、ZM、ZXY;第三梯隊:GQQ、GLL、HXY、ZD、ZWP;第四梯隊:ZJ、WJ。將男子公開級11名運動員分為三個梯隊:第一梯隊:SHJ、MJF、SK;第二梯隊:ZLJ、WX、AFZ、YDD、YZX;第三梯隊:GK、SSW、ZLL。第四,從評測結(jié)果來看,拉槳技術(shù)環(huán)節(jié)的整體評測好于回槳階段。在遞增槳頻的測試當中,以平均加速度、艇速標準差和艇速波動三個指標為觀測點,發(fā)現(xiàn)女子公開級運動員的技術(shù)好于男子公開級運動員。從劃槳技術(shù)鏈的運動順序看,運動員身體環(huán)節(jié)的運動順序是非常好的,但是回槳階段技術(shù)動作的穩(wěn)定性還需要進一步提高。
[Abstract]:Rowing is a strength-endurance event that is repeated periodically at high intensity. It takes about 210 to cross a 2000-meter track. 240 oars, the subtle differences in the technical movements of each paddle cycle of the athlete are magnified over and over again. The speed of the boat is the external performance accumulated by the paddle effect of each paddle, so, The effect of each paddle can be seen as the basis for winning. It depends on the paddle technique and technical ability. In sports training practice, good technique is not only shown in the shape of the movement, More importantly, it is reflected in the inner feeling of the action. It is generally believed that the correct shape of the action can reflect the rationality of the external movement technology. And the "intrinsic strength" of the action is the key to determining the quality of the technology. Most of the "intrinsic dynamics" cannot be recognized by the human eye, and must be made use of certain scientific testing tools. Using the correct test method can be obtained. Rowing paddle technical indicators have hundreds, in the end, which indicators used to diagnose the best and most scientific technology, why? Is the subjective experience judgment of coaches scientific and reasonable? All these questions need to be tested and verified. In this study, 26 national team open level rowers were selected as the research objects, and two rounds of expert screening were carried out by using the Richter five scale on the basis of expert interviews. The weight of each index is calculated by using quantitative statistical method, and the expert diagnosis system of paddle technique is constructed. Many technical indexes are obtained by using the biomechanical test system of real ship on water under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the method of exploratory factor analysis is used. Principal component Analysis (PCA) is used to establish the key diagnostic index system of rowing paddle technology based on real ship test. Compared with these indexes, Croker-ora is used to carry out the technical test. The main conclusions are as follows: first, The key indexes of rowing technique are as follows: the special ability of left and right hand, the efficiency of paddle, the effect of propeller, the fluctuation of boat speed, the amplitude of pulling oar, the ratio of push to pull, the consistency of the upper and lower limbs, the effect of catching water on the blade, the repetition rate of each oar. The ratio of repeated symmetry of the left and right oars is not significantly affected by gender factors. Second, the technical types of the national team open level rowing and double rowing athletes are mainly type B, specifically among the 11 male open level athletes. There are 3 people as technical type, 6 as technical type, 2 as technical type, 2 as female open level athletes, 5 as technical type, 7 as technical type, and 3 as technical type C. third, according to the diagnostic index system of paddle technology, The technique level of athletes can be divided into four echelons by using real boat test, specifically: 15 women rowers are divided into four echelons, The first echelon: YHJJ YWX JYY; the second echelon, LX: WLX WXMU ZMZXY; the third echelon, GQQQLLHXY; the fourth echelon, ZJG WJ, divided 11 male Open level athletes into three echelons: the first echelon, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the first, the second, the second, the second, ZLJO: WX: YDDYZX; the third echelon, GQQSSWZLL; the third echelon, GKSSSWZLLL. the fourth, judging from the results of the evaluation, is the first echelon, the first echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon, the second echelon. In the test of increasing propeller frequency, three indexes such as average acceleration, standard deviation of boat speed and fluctuation of boat speed are used as observation points. It is found that female open level athletes are better than male open level athletes. Judging from the order of movement of paddle technical chain, the order of movement of athletes' body links is very good. However, the stability of the technical action in the stage of return oar still needs to be further improved.
【學位授予單位】：上海體育學院
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G861.4

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