本文選題：教育　切入點(diǎn)：武術(shù)文化　出處：《山西大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：武術(shù)匯聚了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的精粹,彰顯著中華文化的精神,凝結(jié)著中華民族的生存智慧,武術(shù)教育對(duì)于弘揚(yáng)民族精神、傳承中華文化、促進(jìn)青少年全面健康發(fā)展具有重要作用。隨著我國(guó)教育改革的深入,人們對(duì)武術(shù)教育的價(jià)值和意義有了更為深刻的認(rèn)識(shí),也由此武術(shù)教育的重要性得以逐漸彰顯。學(xué)校作為接受教育的主要場(chǎng)所,在傳播武術(shù)思想、弘揚(yáng)民族傳統(tǒng)文化方面更應(yīng)該發(fā)揮出其不可替代的顯著作用,尤其是對(duì)于在校學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),更應(yīng)該通過(guò)行之有效的武術(shù)教育使其在人生觀、價(jià)值觀形成的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期能夠?qū)ξ湫g(shù)這一民族傳統(tǒng)文化瑰寶形成科學(xué)的認(rèn)識(shí),能夠主動(dòng)承擔(dān)起武術(shù)文化傳承的重要使命。不可否認(rèn)的是,當(dāng)前我國(guó)的學(xué)校武術(shù)教育面臨著諸多亟待破解的發(fā)展困境：西方競(jìng)技體育的沖擊使得武術(shù)教育在學(xué)校體育中的重要性日漸式微,武術(shù)課程教學(xué)內(nèi)容陳舊、教學(xué)方法單一、教學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)方式失衡,武術(shù)精神逐漸被遺忘,武術(shù)文化逐漸被沖擊,甚至在學(xué)術(shù)研究層面對(duì)于“武術(shù)”、“武術(shù)教育”、“學(xué)校武術(shù)教育”概念問(wèn)題都含糊不清,難以準(zhǔn)確界定,這無(wú)論對(duì)于我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)武術(shù)文化的傳承與弘揚(yáng)來(lái)說(shuō),還是對(duì)于學(xué)校武術(shù)教育的運(yùn)行和發(fā)展來(lái)說(shuō),無(wú)疑都會(huì)產(chǎn)生不可忽視的負(fù)面效應(yīng)。因此,從學(xué)校武術(shù)教育的概念和理論體系出發(fā),進(jìn)而探尋出學(xué)校武術(shù)教育所面臨的各種困境以及破解上述困境的出路和辦法,就成為一個(gè)重要且十分迫切的研究議題。本研究正是基于這樣的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)訴求,對(duì)日前我國(guó)學(xué)校武術(shù)教育的各個(gè)要素和環(huán)節(jié)中所面臨的困境做出一個(gè)系統(tǒng)的分析和研究,并借助相關(guān)學(xué)科的理論知識(shí)以及具體的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)制定出破解困境的各種策略和辦法,從而為相關(guān)部門(mén)和學(xué)校今后制定出更加完善的學(xué)校武術(shù)教育改革辦法提供一個(gè)理論上的參考和借鑒,為進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)武術(shù)文化傳承和弘揚(yáng)做出現(xiàn)實(shí)意義上的貢獻(xiàn)。本研究以目前我國(guó)學(xué)校武術(shù)教育過(guò)程中所面臨的困境及破解困境的出路為研究對(duì)象；以文獻(xiàn)資料法、專家訪談法、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查法、比較研究法、歷史分析法、邏輯分析法為主要研究方法；以311位為長(zhǎng)期從事武術(shù)教育的專家、學(xué)者,以及大、中、小學(xué)武術(shù)教師為問(wèn)卷調(diào)查對(duì)象、多位武術(shù)教育相關(guān)專家的訪談?dòng)涗涀鳛閷?shí)證材料,以搜狐體育、新浪體育、中華武術(shù)網(wǎng)、中國(guó)功夫網(wǎng)等主流體育媒體的相關(guān)武術(shù)新聞為分析素材,對(duì)目前我國(guó)學(xué)校武術(shù)教育的困境和出路進(jìn)行了全面深入的研究,獲得研究結(jié)論如下：(1)學(xué)校武術(shù)教育目的是培養(yǎng)具有武術(shù)素養(yǎng)的人。武術(shù)素養(yǎng)是指通過(guò)長(zhǎng)期的武術(shù)練習(xí),養(yǎng)成終身習(xí)武的習(xí)慣；掌握武術(shù)的理論知識(shí)與技能;以及在身體、心理和社會(huì)適應(yīng)等方面展現(xiàn)出因習(xí)武而產(chǎn)生的良好狀態(tài)。(2)武術(shù)教育目的的確定為武術(shù)教育內(nèi)容和教育方法的設(shè)計(jì)與選擇提供了依據(jù)。武術(shù)教育課程內(nèi)容的設(shè)置應(yīng)該分為三個(gè)層面：即器物層面的知識(shí)技能；制度層面的行為習(xí)慣；精神層面的道德修養(yǎng)。三者的關(guān)系是相互融合、層層遞進(jìn)的,而非彼此割裂。學(xué)生通過(guò)掌握武術(shù)的知識(shí)技能,養(yǎng)成良好的行為習(xí)慣,形成高尚的道德情操。學(xué)校武術(shù)教育應(yīng)將武術(shù)禮文化教育和培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的尚武精神作為教育的重要內(nèi)容。(3)學(xué)校武術(shù)教育方法應(yīng)結(jié)合教育內(nèi)容彰顯武術(shù)教育的特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)武術(shù)教育的指導(dǎo)思想,以及風(fēng)格特征,在教育方法的選擇上應(yīng)注重“口傳身授”、“自身體悟”等以直覺(jué)體悟?yàn)樘攸c(diǎn)的教育方法的使用,以提高武術(shù)教育的質(zhì)量與效果。(4)武術(shù)教師是學(xué)校武術(shù)教育工作的主導(dǎo)者。學(xué)校武術(shù)教師的工作職責(zé)不同于專業(yè)武術(shù)工作者,二者所具備的能力和素養(yǎng)應(yīng)該有所側(cè)重。學(xué)校武術(shù)教師應(yīng)該是具備專業(yè)素養(yǎng)和教育藝術(shù)的武術(shù)教育工作者。(5)在學(xué)校武術(shù)教育中要充分發(fā)揮教育評(píng)價(jià)的功能與作用。武術(shù)教育評(píng)價(jià)應(yīng)該從一個(gè)寬泛的角度,將習(xí)武者的武術(shù)素養(yǎng)作為一個(gè)整體,進(jìn)行武術(shù)知識(shí)技能、行為習(xí)慣、道德修養(yǎng)等做全面考核。注重評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)象的多元化和評(píng)價(jià)形式的多樣化,將結(jié)果評(píng)價(jià)和過(guò)程評(píng)價(jià)相結(jié)合。(6)學(xué)校武術(shù)教育環(huán)境應(yīng)該是具有“儀式感”的育人環(huán)境。通過(guò)程式化的儀式以規(guī)訓(xùn)學(xué)生的武術(shù)行為,使學(xué)生以虔誠(chéng)的態(tài)度積極主動(dòng)的接受武術(shù)教育。具有“儀式感”的育人環(huán)境可以使武術(shù)禮儀具體落實(shí)到武術(shù)教育的過(guò)程中,對(duì)學(xué)生武術(shù)素養(yǎng)的形成產(chǎn)生積極影響。
[Abstract]:The martial arts Chinese brought together the essence of traditional culture, showing the spirit of Chinese culture, the condensation of the wisdom of survival of the Chinese nation, the Chinese martial arts education to promote national spirit of Chinese culture, plays an important role in promoting the all-round development of teenagers. With the deepening of education reform, people value and significance of the martial arts education has more a profound understanding of the importance of the martial arts education is also gradually highlight. The school as the main place of education, in the dissemination of martial arts thoughts, carrying forward the national traditional culture should play its significant irreplaceable role, especially for college students, should be more effective through the martial arts education in the view of life. The values of the critical period of the formation to form a scientific understanding of the martial arts treasure of national traditional culture, to take the initiative to assume the martial arts cultural heritage An important mission. It is undeniable that the current school martial arts education in China is facing many urgent development dilemma: the importance of western sports because of the impact of martial arts education in the school sports teaching content of Wushu course is declining, old, single teaching method, the imbalance of teaching evaluation, the spirit of martial arts gradually forgotten, martial arts culture is gradually impact, even in the academic research level for "martial arts", "martial arts education", "the concept of school Wushu education" are vague and difficult to accurately define, which both for and carry forward the traditional Wushu culture of our country inheritance, or for the operation and development of school Wushu education, will undoubtedly have a negative the effect can not be ignored. Therefore, starting from the concept and the theoretical system of school Wushu education, and explores the difficulties faced by the school martial arts education Way and approach and solve these problems, it has become an important and urgent issue. This research is based on this theoretical and practical demands, analyze and make a systematic study on facing various elements and aspects of the school martial arts education in China before the date of the dilemma, and the theory of knowledge related disciplines and practical experience to develop various strategies and measures to solve the dilemma, the relevant departments and schools in the future so as to develop a more comprehensive school martial arts education reform to provide a theoretical reference for the further promotion of martial arts culture, inherit and carry forward the make the practical significance of this study way to contribute. The dilemma and solutions at present school Wushu education is facing difficulties as the research object; the method of literature, expert interviews, questionnaire survey, comparative study Method, historical analysis, logical analysis as the main research methods; engaged in martial arts education experts, scholars, and, in 311, primary school martial arts teacher questionnaires, expert interviews a number of martial arts education as the empirical material, the Sohu sina sports, sports, martial arts, China Kung Fu net and other mainstream sports media related to martial arts news analysis material, the plight of the school Wushu education in China and the way out were investigated. The obtained conclusions are as follows: (1) the school martial arts education is to cultivate people with martial arts literacy. Martial arts literacy is through long-term practice of martial arts, lifelong the martial arts master habits; theoretical knowledge and skills of martial arts; and in the physical, psychological and social aspects show a good condition due to the martial arts. (2) to do the martial arts education It provides a basis for the design and selection of martial arts education contents and education methods. The content of the martial arts education curriculum setting should be divided into three aspects: material level of knowledge and skills; system level behavior; spiritual and moral cultivation. The relationship between the three is mutual fusion, progressive layers, rather than separate through martial arts. Students master knowledge and skills, develop good habits, the formation of the noble moral sentiment. The school martial arts education and training of Wushu etiquette culture should be the education of students' martial spirit is an important content of education. (3) the school education should be combined with the method of martial arts education contents reflect the characteristics of Wushu education. According to the guiding ideology of martial arts education, and style characteristics, in the choice of educational methods should focus on "firsthand", "self understanding" to use intuitive understanding of education method to improve characteristics. High quality and effect of Wushu education. (4) the martial arts teachers are leading school Wushu education. School Wushu teachers work responsibilities is different from professional martial arts workers, the ability and quality of the two have should be emphasized. The school Wushu teachers should possess professional martial arts education worker is literacy and Education (art. 5) in the school martial arts education should give full play to the function and role of education evaluation. Wushu education evaluation should be from a broader perspective, the martial arts martial arts literacy as a whole, knowledge and skills of martial arts, behavior habit, morality and do a comprehensive assessment. Pay attention to the evaluation object and evaluation form diversification the process of diversification, assessment and evaluation of the combination. (6) the school martial arts education environment should be a sense of ritual education environment. Through the stylized ceremony to discipline students for Wushu In order to enable students to take the initiative to accept Wushu education with a pious attitude, the educational environment with "ritual sense" can make Wushu etiquette concretely implemented in the process of Wushu education, and has a positive impact on the formation of students' Wushu literacy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：G852-4

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