本文關(guān)鍵詞： 國(guó)家治理體系 現(xiàn)代化 法治化　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：國(guó)家治理體系現(xiàn)代化的過程伴隨著國(guó)家各項(xiàng)制度的法治化,推進(jìn)國(guó)家治理體系現(xiàn)代化,法治化是題中之義,也是必由之路。第一,法治體系是國(guó)家治理體系的有機(jī)組成。憲法法律不僅為國(guó)家治理體系提供了正當(dāng)性依據(jù),而且法治體系本身就是國(guó)家治理體系的重要內(nèi)容和有機(jī)組成。第二,法治為國(guó)家治理體系提供了價(jià)值導(dǎo)向。現(xiàn)代法治的核心要義是良法善治,尊重和保障人權(quán)、維護(hù)公平正義、安定社會(huì)秩序,這些法的價(jià)值也是國(guó)家治理的基本目標(biāo),法治的價(jià)值理念為國(guó)家治理體系現(xiàn)代化提供了價(jià)值導(dǎo)向。第三,法治為國(guó)家治理提供了制度支撐。法治是人類文明的重要標(biāo)志,是我們國(guó)家治理的基本方式,它不僅為國(guó)家治理的民主化提供了制度支撐,也為國(guó)家治理提供了執(zhí)行力和運(yùn)行力。實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家治理體系法治化,就要以法治的精神進(jìn)一步完善中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義制度體系。具體來說,主要有三方面內(nèi)容,也就是要實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家根本政治制度的法治化,發(fā)揮人民代表大會(huì)制度的優(yōu)勢(shì);要通過法律途徑保障協(xié)商民主的正常開展,實(shí)現(xiàn)協(xié)商民主的制度化、規(guī)范化、法治化;要完善社會(huì)管理體制和基層民主制度,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)治理的法治化。實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家治理體系法治化,必須堅(jiān)持幾點(diǎn)基本原則:要做到經(jīng)驗(yàn)理性與建構(gòu)理性的有機(jī)結(jié)合,統(tǒng)籌整體推進(jìn)和部分提升的辯證關(guān)系,厘清民族傳統(tǒng)和西方經(jīng)驗(yàn)的邏輯關(guān)聯(lián),實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家立法和全民守法的雙向互動(dòng)。人民代表大會(huì)制度是我國(guó)的根本政治制度,它是國(guó)家治理體系的基礎(chǔ)性要素,強(qiáng)調(diào)國(guó)家治理體系的法治化,首先就要推進(jìn)人民代表大會(huì)制度運(yùn)作的法治化,修改完善與之相關(guān)的憲法法律制度。首先,要以提高立法質(zhì)量為目標(biāo),規(guī)范科學(xué)民主立法,完善地方立法權(quán),進(jìn)一步嚴(yán)密立法法的邏輯體系,以完善《立法法》。其次,要實(shí)現(xiàn)主權(quán)在民理念,通過完善重大事項(xiàng)決定權(quán)制度、改革完善人大會(huì)議制度、探索常委會(huì)委員專職化等途徑,完善《組織法》。再者,要提升人大組成人員的代表性,通過提升選舉委員會(huì)獨(dú)立性公正性、完善名額分配機(jī)制、規(guī)范直接選舉程序、健全代表退出和監(jiān)督機(jī)制等方式,完善《選舉法》、《代表法》。最后,以維護(hù)憲法權(quán)威為方向,明確法律責(zé)任制度、健全監(jiān)督信息公開機(jī)制,并適應(yīng)廉政建設(shè)的新要求,以完善《監(jiān)督法》。完善和健全協(xié)商民主的法治化,最基本是要以立法的形式規(guī)范協(xié)商主體、協(xié)商內(nèi)容、協(xié)商程序等內(nèi)容,通過法律途徑保障協(xié)商民主的正常開展。根據(jù)不同層面協(xié)商民主的特點(diǎn),又要分類推進(jìn)。一方面,要通過法律規(guī)范立法協(xié)商和政府協(xié)商,并通過借助人民政協(xié)的法治建設(shè)推進(jìn)國(guó)家生活層面協(xié)商民主的法治化。另一方面,推進(jìn)基層社會(huì)自治中協(xié)商民主法治化,探索社會(huì)組織發(fā)展下的協(xié)商民主法治化,重視公民網(wǎng)絡(luò)參與中協(xié)商民主法治化,全方位推進(jìn)社會(huì)層面協(xié)商民主的法治化。社會(huì)管理的法治化是將法治理念融入社會(huì)管理各個(gè)層面和內(nèi)容的過程,其不僅包含社會(huì)管理體制和基層群眾自治制度的法治化,還要求我們?cè)谌鐣?huì)倡導(dǎo)法治文化。首先,要明晰社會(huì)管理體制法治化的基本內(nèi)涵,加快政社分開的法制建設(shè),必須加快完善社會(huì)法律體系,厘清社會(huì)權(quán)力邊界,明晰政府社會(huì)治理權(quán)責(zé)體系。其次,在基層群眾自治制度運(yùn)行中出現(xiàn)了一些問題,迫切需要通過法律手段加以完善,這不僅要求完善基層群眾自治的法律制度,還需要及時(shí)用法律制度確認(rèn)和規(guī)范基層民主實(shí)踐中的新形式和新途徑。最后,法治文化是社會(huì)文化在法治中的反映,要通過公權(quán)力表率、法治宣傳教育營(yíng)造法治文化氛圍,并繼承傳統(tǒng)法治文化精華,借鑒西方法治文化優(yōu)秀成果,不斷提升法治文化水平。
[Abstract]:The process of the modernization of national governance system with the state system of the rule of law, promote the modernization of national governance system, the rule of law is the meaning, is the only way which must be passed. First, the legal system is an organic part of the national governance system. The Constitution not only provides the basis for the legitimacy of the national governance system and the legal system itself is important part of the national governance system and organic components. Second, the rule of law provides the value orientation for the national governance system. The essence of the modern rule of law is good law and good governance, respect and safeguard human rights, justice, stability and social order, the basic goal is the value of national governance law, the value idea of the rule of law for the modernization of national governance system provide value guidance. Third, the rule of law to provide institutional support for national governance. The rule of law is an important symbol of human civilization, is our country governance The basic way, it not only provides the institutional support for national governance democratization, also provides the execution and operation of force for national governance. The realization of national governance system of rule of law, it is necessary to further improve the spirit of the rule of law China characteristic socialism system. Specifically, there are mainly three aspects, that is to realize the state the fundamental political system of the rule of law, the people's Congress system play the advantage; be through legal channels to protect the normal development of deliberative democracy, deliberative democracy institutionalized, standardization, legalization; to improve the social management system and democracy system, realize the legalization of social governance. The realization of national governance system of rule of law. Must adhere to some basic principles: to combine empirical rationality and Constructivist Rationality, co-ordinate the overall progress and part of ascension of the dialectical relationship between traditional and Western experience to clarify The logical relationship, which can realize the interaction of national legislation and national law. The people's Congress system is China's fundamental political system, it is the basic element of national governance system, emphasizing the national governance system of rule of law, we must first promote the people's Congress system for the operation of the rule of law, revise and improve the Constitution and legal system related. First, to improve the quality of legislation as the goal, norms of scientific and democratic legislation, perfecting local legislation, further strict legislation logic system, to improve the "legislation law. Secondly, to realize the concept of sovereignty of the people, by improving the power to decide major matters of system reform and improve the people's Congress Standing Committee meeting system, exploration the professional way, perfecting the organization law". Furthermore, to enhance the people's Congress representative members of the election committee, by improving the independence of justice, improve the quota allocation mechanism, direct specification The election procedure and improve supervision mechanism on behalf of exit and improve the electoral law, < >, < >. Finally, on behalf of law, to maintain the constitutional authority for the direction, a clear legal responsibility system, improve the supervision mechanism of public information, and to adapt to the new requirements of the construction, in order to perfect the supervision law. Improving and perfecting the "deliberative democracy rule of law the most basic is to, in the form of legislative norms for negotiation, negotiation, negotiation procedures and other content, through legal means to guarantee the normal development of deliberative democracy. According to the different levels of deliberative democracy, but also the classification advance. On one side, through consultation and negotiation of government legislation of legal norms, and by means of the CPPCC the rule of law to promote the construction of the national level of deliberative democracy under the rule of law. On the other hand, to promote grass-roots social autonomous negotiating democracy and the rule of law, to explore the development of social organizations under the deliberative democracy and the rule of law, pay attention to the public The network involved in negotiating democracy and the rule of law, promote the full range of social aspects of deliberative democracy of the rule of law, social management of the rule of law is the rule of law concept into the process of social management at all levels and content, which includes not only the system of social management and grassroots autonomous system of the rule of law, we need the whole society to promote the rule of law culture. First, to clarify the basic connotation of the social management system of the rule of law, accelerate the construction of legal system to separate the government, must improve the social legal system, clarify the boundary of social power, clear responsibilities of government social governance system. Secondly, there are some problems in the operation of the system of grassroots self-government, the urgent need to be improved through legal means. This requires not only a perfect legal system of grassroots self-government, also need to use the legal system to confirm and regulate the new forms and ways of practice of grassroots democracy. Finally, the rule of law culture is a reflection of social culture in the rule of law. We should create a rule of law culture atmosphere through public authority, publicity and education in rule of law, and inherit the essence of traditional culture of rule of law, learn from the excellent achievements of western culture of rule of law, and constantly improve the level of rule of law culture.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：D920.0
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本文編號(hào)：1524229