本文關(guān)鍵詞： 高等職業(yè)教育 就業(yè)觀念 就業(yè)質(zhì)量 就業(yè)制度 就業(yè)供需　出處：《湖南師范大學》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：高等職業(yè)教育就業(yè)問題是社會關(guān)注的熱點和難點。運用生態(tài)學的原理,特別是生態(tài)學的平衡理論來研究高職畢業(yè)生就業(yè)生態(tài)問題及其原因,可以更合理的為高職教育的就業(yè)問題提供理論依據(jù)。高職教育就業(yè)生態(tài)平衡是一種動態(tài)平衡,即畢業(yè)生與學校、企業(yè)及用人單位、政府之間的一種適應(yīng)關(guān)系,通過相互適應(yīng)從而實現(xiàn)從學生進入職業(yè)教育--畢業(yè)--新一批學生進入職業(yè)教育這一輸入--輸出--反饋(再輸入)過程中系統(tǒng)的協(xié)調(diào),實現(xiàn)高職教育就業(yè)生態(tài)的平衡和良性發(fā)展。高職教育的高就業(yè)率并不能全部體現(xiàn)出其就業(yè)生態(tài)平衡性。高等職業(yè)教育就業(yè)生態(tài)平衡是指在能使畢業(yè)生知識與技能適應(yīng)社會需要、滿足個人職業(yè)期待,并能與社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展環(huán)境相互適應(yīng)的情況下,各要素競爭共生,各子系統(tǒng)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展,整個系統(tǒng)充滿生機活力的動態(tài)平衡。高等職業(yè)教育就業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是以畢業(yè)生就業(yè)環(huán)境三者之間關(guān)系為核心的動態(tài)、互生的系統(tǒng)。各生態(tài)因子之間是彼此聯(lián)系、動態(tài)發(fā)展的,是平衡--不平衡--新的平衡中不斷運動、變化、發(fā)展的。論文從生態(tài)學理論的主體與環(huán)境這一視角,按照“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是否平衡(現(xiàn)狀)--影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡的要素(生態(tài)因子)--怎樣達到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡(主體與環(huán)境的適應(yīng))”的邏輯思路,在宏觀層面展開對高等職業(yè)教育就業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的研究。本研究在對湖南省六所高職院校的1892名應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生和624名往屆畢業(yè)生就業(yè)現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,從高職教育的就業(yè)觀念、就業(yè)制度、就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和就業(yè)質(zhì)量四方面分析了高職教育就業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的現(xiàn)狀。本研究通過把調(diào)查進行描述性統(tǒng)計、相關(guān)性分析、獨立樣本T檢驗、Logistic二元回歸等方法對影響高職教育就業(yè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡的因子進行分析與探索。在研究方法上,本研究側(cè)重從主體與環(huán)境的角度進行分析,并把學理的研究和質(zhì)的研究兩種方法綜合起來運用、思考。研究首先分析了高職畢業(yè)生就業(yè)主體與就業(yè)觀念環(huán)境的互動關(guān)系。畢業(yè)生自身就業(yè)動機受學校、家庭、社會觀念等方面的影響。本研究通過對應(yīng)往屆畢業(yè)生薪資期待、理想工作崗位、就業(yè)價值等調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),“讓人人出彩”的職業(yè)教育就業(yè)觀念環(huán)境有待優(yōu)化。只有幫助畢業(yè)生主動適應(yīng)社會就業(yè)環(huán)境,使畢業(yè)生就業(yè)符合社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展需要并滿足個人職業(yè)期待與理想,才能提高自身對外來觀念的免疫力,達成主體與環(huán)境之間的平衡,從而實現(xiàn)高等職業(yè)教育就業(yè)觀念子系統(tǒng)的平衡,實現(xiàn)高職教育就業(yè)觀念環(huán)境的優(yōu)化。研究接著探索了就業(yè)主體與學校人才培養(yǎng)、企業(yè)參與育人環(huán)境之間的互動關(guān)系。本研究通過對畢業(yè)生工作滿意度、專業(yè)對口度、課程設(shè)置等要素的調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn),高職畢業(yè)生就業(yè)質(zhì)量受學校課程提供、企業(yè)校外實踐和實習狀況、學生為達到崗位勝任能力而主觀努力等因素影響。使學生掌握必要的知識與技能、習得職業(yè)能力才是高職院校學生學習生活的“常態(tài)”,否則就很難保障高職教育就業(yè)質(zhì)量,高職教育就業(yè)質(zhì)量子系統(tǒng)就會失衡,高職教育就業(yè)質(zhì)量環(huán)境也會不斷惡化。研究對畢業(yè)生與就業(yè)制度環(huán)境的影響進行了分析。通過對政府、企業(yè)、學校就業(yè)制度對畢業(yè)生的潛在影響的分析發(fā)現(xiàn):就業(yè)制度子系統(tǒng)是畢業(yè)生群體在這些就業(yè)制度環(huán)境等影響下實現(xiàn)平衡的。如果政府和院校就業(yè)制度的執(zhí)行情況不利于畢業(yè)生個體成長,再加上企業(yè)人才選用不科學、長效培訓機制缺乏等,這樣極易造成就業(yè)制度的不合理,使這個子系統(tǒng)失衡,使高職教育就業(yè)制度環(huán)境惡化。高職教育就業(yè)制度環(huán)境是使畢業(yè)生就業(yè)符合市場需求的影響因素,是政策保障。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本研究對就業(yè)主體與就業(yè)供需環(huán)境進行分析。高職教育就業(yè)供需生態(tài)受就業(yè)觀念、就業(yè)質(zhì)量、就業(yè)制度等因素影響,從而使就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)子系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)整個就業(yè)群體的供需與用人單位供需之間的平衡,也反映了高職教育就業(yè)供需環(huán)境的整體和諧狀況。只有把握好畢業(yè)生這一主體和周圍生態(tài)環(huán)境之間的關(guān)系,才能實現(xiàn)畢業(yè)生從輸入--轉(zhuǎn)換--輸出過程中生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡。學校、用人單位、政府通過預(yù)測就業(yè)生態(tài)行為、建立就業(yè)生態(tài)預(yù)警監(jiān)測機制,共同營建以就業(yè)質(zhì)量為核心的就業(yè)生態(tài)評價體系,在此基礎(chǔ)上促進職業(yè)能力為導向的動態(tài)課程體系建設(shè),營造以就業(yè)價值為核心的社會觀念生態(tài)圈。
[Abstract]:The employment problem of higher occupation education is a hot and difficult society. Using the principle of ecology, especially the balance theory to study the ecology of the employment of graduates of ecological problems and reasons, can be more reasonable for the employment problem of higher vocational education and provide a theoretical basis for the employment of higher vocational education. The ecological balance is a dynamic balance, namely the graduates and school. The enterprise and the employer, an adaptation of the relationship between governments, so as to realize the occupation education -- from graduate students -- a new batch of students to enter the occupation education of the input output feedback through mutual adaptation (input) in the process of coordination system, realize the ecological balance of employment in Higher Vocational Education and higher vocational education development. The high employment rate and are not fully reflect the employment of higher occupation education ecological balance. The ecological balance refers to the employment that graduates of knowledge and skills in can We should meet the needs of society, personal occupation expectation, and can adapt to each other and the development of the social economy environment, the elements of competition symbiosis, coordinated development of each subsystem, dynamic balance of the whole system is full of vitality. The higher occupation education system is based on the ecology of employment of graduates? Employment? The relationship between dynamic environment of the three as the core. Alternate system. Between the various ecological factors are interrelated and dynamic development, is the balance - imbalance - a new balance in constant motion, change, development. Papers from the main body of ecology theory and environment this perspective, in accordance with the "ecological balance system (status quo) elements of ecological system balance -- ecological effects (how to achieve the ecological factor) - balance system (adaptive agent and the environment)" logic, at the macro level research of the higher occupation education and employment of the ecosystem. The research on Hunan Province Based on investigation of the current employment situation of Six Higher Vocational Colleges 1892 graduates and 624 graduates from higher vocational education on the concept of employment, employment system, four aspects of employment structure and employment quality analysis of the current situation of employment in higher vocational education ecosystem. This study through the investigation of descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, independent sample T two yuan Logistic test, regression analysis and Exploration on the influence factors of balanced employment in higher vocational education ecosystem. In research methods, this study focuses on the analysis from the subject and the environment point of view, and the research study and the quality of the two methods combined, it analyzed the interactive thinking. The relationship between the subject and the concept of employment of vocational graduates employment environment. Graduates' employment motivation by the school, family, social concept and so on. Based on the former Graduate salary expectations, ideal jobs, employment survey value, "let everybody out" the occupation education concept of employment environment needs to be optimized. Only help graduates actively adapt to the social environment for employment, employment in accordance with the need of social and economic development and meet the individual occupation expectation and ideal, in order to improve their immunity to foreign ideas, reached between the subject and the environment balance, so as to realize the higher occupation education concept of employment system balance, realize the optimization of the higher vocational education concept of employment environment. Then research explores the employment subject and school personnel training, enterprises to participate in the interactive relationship between the educational environment. Through the study of graduates' job satisfaction, professional degree, survey curriculum the elements of the employment of graduates of higher vocational colleges, the quality of the school curriculum, the enterprise practice and the practice of students In order to achieve competency and subjective efforts and other factors. To enable students to master the necessary knowledge and skills, learning ability is the occupation of Higher Vocational College Students' learning life "normal", otherwise it is difficult to guarantee the quality of employment of higher vocational education, higher vocational education employment quality system will balance, the employment quality of higher vocational education will continue to deteriorate study on the influence of the graduates. The employment system and the environment are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the potential impact of government, enterprise, school employment system for graduates found employment system subsystem is to achieve balance between these groups of graduates employment system environment under the influence of the implementation of the employment system. If the government and colleges is not conducive to the graduates individual growth, coupled with the enterprise personnel selection is not scientific, the lack of long-term training mechanism, which is easy to cause the employment system is not reasonable, the Subsystem of unbalance, make higher vocational education employment system of higher vocational education. The deterioration of the environment of employment environment is to make the employment of graduates with the influence factors of market demand, is the policy. On this basis, this study analyzes the main employment and employment environment. Vocational education employment supply and demand by the ecological concept of employment, employment quality, employment system the factors, so that the employment structure subsystem and the unit balance between supply and demand of the supply and demand of the entire employment group, also reflect the overall situation of harmonious employment in higher vocational education. The relationship between supply and demand environment, only a good grasp of the graduates subject and the surrounding ecological environment, in order to realize the ecological system of Graduates -- the conversion of the output from the input - process balance. Schools, employers, government employment by predicting the ecological behavior, establish ecological employment warning monitoring mechanism to jointly create employment Based on the evaluation system of employment ecology with quality as the core, based on this, we promote the construction of a vocational ability oriented dynamic curriculum system and create a social concept ecosystem with employment value as the core.

【學位授予單位】：湖南師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G717.38
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本文編號：1499088