本文關(guān)鍵詞：魯迅語文觀及其實(shí)踐　出處：《南開大學(xué)》2013年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：本文關(guān)注的中心是魯迅在中國語文現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)化過程中對漢語文的思考、認(rèn)識、探索、創(chuàng)新及其當(dāng)代價值。本文將魯迅的創(chuàng)作、翻譯、編輯、演講、�？钡人幸晕淖中问搅鱾飨聛淼牟牧献鳛檠芯眶斞刚Z文觀念與實(shí)踐的核心材料,將各類傳記、回憶錄、魯迅研究資料中所涉及的有關(guān)其教育經(jīng)歷特別是學(xué)習(xí)國文與外語的情況,其文學(xué)活動、教學(xué)活動以及近九十年來魯迅在語文教學(xué)中的情況等作為重要的考察對象,來思考由魯迅構(gòu)建的語文世界以及這一世界在中國現(xiàn)代語文的形成與發(fā)展中所具有的意義和產(chǎn)生的作用。 論文主體部分共四章： 第一章從魯迅語文實(shí)踐中的“矛盾”(如他在言論上反古書、咒文言,行動上卻讀古書不輟,寫文言不絕；他力倡廢除方塊字、實(shí)行漢字拉丁化,卻又熱衷漢字研究,敏于文字游戲等)入手,以其一生的語文實(shí)踐為基礎(chǔ),探討了形成上述“矛盾”的原因(因沉潛于傳統(tǒng)語文而形成的個人“趣味”和由修習(xí)異域語文而生發(fā)出的民族“責(zé)任”感共生共存；因“為自己和為別人的設(shè)想,是兩樣的”而產(chǎn)生的“自言”與“倡言”兩種不同的言說姿態(tài))；并在此基礎(chǔ)上分析了魯迅“在言說中確立自我”的語文立場與希望人人都能“聲發(fā)自心、意達(dá)于文”的語文理想。 第二章主要從兩個方面探討了魯迅的現(xiàn)代語文思想：一是立足于魯迅的語文實(shí)踐,分析他對中國現(xiàn)代語文發(fā)展方向的認(rèn)識及其現(xiàn)代語文建設(shè)思想,提出魯迅既強(qiáng)調(diào)順應(yīng)時代潮流,積極變革中國語文,又尊重個體基于歷史和民族文化而形成的傳統(tǒng)語文趣味與表達(dá)習(xí)慣,所以,他并不反對個體讀古書、寫文言,但堅決抵制各類妄圖將中國現(xiàn)代語文重新納入以文言為正宗之發(fā)展軌道的復(fù)古派；分析了魯迅的“識字”、“寫話”思想,并從四個方面論說了魯迅的不求“普遍、永久、完全”,而倡導(dǎo)“多元、切實(shí)、發(fā)展”的現(xiàn)代語文建設(shè)思想。二是以“文”這一具有中國文化特色的概念為依托,在“文”之傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的背景下,考察了魯迅對“文”的態(tài)度(在“懷疑”中“堅守”)與追求(祛魅與布新)；從倡導(dǎo)大眾語文與剖析文術(shù)得失兩方面分析了魯迅為“文”由傳統(tǒng)走向現(xiàn)代所做的努力；并在對魯迅所重視的“文”之要素分析的基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)了魯迅對“文”的現(xiàn)代追求：以“錯綜”、“錦繡”之“文”“啟人生之暉機(jī)”。 第三章主要從魯迅對本土與異域語文資源的認(rèn)識與開掘方面考察他對現(xiàn)代語文發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)。本土語文資源,在魯迅主要表現(xiàn)為對文言和民間語文的創(chuàng)造性運(yùn)用——對漢字潛能的開掘與對民間語文智慧的汲取使魯迅的表達(dá)既深刻準(zhǔn)確又生動豐富。魯迅的“洋氣”翻譯觀和“硬譯”主張充分體現(xiàn)了他對異域語文資源的尊重,而從他對中文章法與句法的創(chuàng)新中也可以發(fā)現(xiàn)他對“日化”“歐化”語文手法的借鑒。 第四章圍繞魯迅與中國現(xiàn)代語文教育的關(guān)系重點(diǎn)探討了兩個問題：一是作為現(xiàn)代語文教育資源的魯迅及其作品,提出不但魯迅之文是學(xué)生感受和體悟漢語文魅力的重要素材,其語文實(shí)踐亦可為當(dāng)代語文教育提供借鑒。二是反思和總結(jié)近九十年來的魯迅作品教學(xué),提出可通過貫徹“語文本位”與“因材施教”的原則來更好地發(fā)揮魯迅在語文教育中的作用。
[Abstract]:The main topic of this thesis is Lu Xun of Chinese thinking, in modern Chinese China transformation process understanding, exploration, innovation and contemporary value. This will be Lu Xun's creation, translation, editing, proofreading and speech, all in the form of text spread down the material as a core material of Lu Xun's Chinese concept and practice, all kinds of biography Lu Xun, memoirs, involved in the research data about their educational experience especially in learning Chinese and foreign language, the literary activities, teaching activities and nearly ninety years of Lu Xun in the Chinese teaching as an important object of thinking, to construct the Chinese world by Lu Xun and the world are in the formation and development of modern Chinese China in significance and effect.
There are four chapters in the main part of the paper.
The first chapter from the contradiction between Chinese practice "Lu Xun" (as he books, in remarks on classical charm action is reading books, he wrote classical never; he advocated the abolition of Chinese characters, the Chinese characters of Latin, but is keen Chinese characters research, word games etc.) start to practice the language life as a foundation, the paper discusses the causes of the "contradictions" (formed by submerging in traditional Chinese and personal interest and by practicing foreign language and a sense of national responsibility coexist; due to "for themselves and for others the idea, is the two kind of" he "" and "advocate" two different speech gestures); and based on the analysis of Lu Xun "in speech to establish self" Chinese position and wants everyone to "cry from the heart, meaning in the text" the Chinese ideal.
The second chapter mainly discussed from two aspects of Lu Xun's thought of modern Chinese language practice: one is based on Lu Xun's analysis, his understanding of the direction of development of modern Chinese and modern Chinese China construction thought, put forward Lu Xun emphasize the trend of the times, positive change Chinese language, but also respect and expression of the traditional Chinese and the formation of individual interest based on the historical and cultural habits, so he is not against the individual reading ancient books, written in classical Chinese, but in an attempt to resolutely resist all kinds of modern Chinese Chinese back into the teaching of the development track authentic retro camp; the analysis of Lu Xun's "literacy", "writing", and from the four aspects of the theory of Lu Xun don't pursue the "universal, permanent, complete, and advocating the" multiple, practical, the development of "modern Chinese ideological construction. The two is to" text "which is China culture concept as the basis, in The "culture" of the traditional and modern context, examines Lu Xun's attitude of "Wen" (in "doubt" in the "stick") and pursuit (disenchantment and new); from the advocacy of popular language and text analysis and operation analysis of two aspects of Lu Xun "culture" made from tradition to modernity efforts; and analyzes the elements of the basis of the importance of Lu Xun "article" on the summary of Lu Xun "text" of the modern pursuit: "complex", "beautiful" and "Wen" and "Kai Hui life".
The third chapter mainly discusses his contribution to the development of modern Chinese from Lu Xun's understanding and exploration of native and exotic language resources. The local resources in Chinese, Lu Xun mainly for the creative use of the classical and folk language -- on the excavation and draw on the potential Chinese characters of Chinese folk wisdom that Lu Xun is profound and accurate and vivid expression rich. Lu Xun's "western style" translation and "hard translation" that fully reflects his respect for foreign language resources, and found him on the "day" "Europeanization" Chinese style can also learn from his innovation on the syntactic and Chinese rules.
The fourth chapter focuses on the relationship between Lu Xun and modern Chinese education around Chinese discusses two problems: one is Lu Xun and his works as a modern Chinese education resources, the paper put forward not only Lu Xun is students' feelings and understanding of Chinese language charm of the important material, which can provide reference for the practice of Chinese language education. The two generation is a reflection and summary in the past ninety years the teaching of Lu Xun's works, put forward to better play the role of Lu Xun in Chinese education through the implementation of the "Chinese standard" and "individualized" principle.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：南開大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G633.3

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