發(fā)布時間：2018-01-12 17:29

  本文關鍵詞：劉少奇憂患意識研究　出處：《天津師范大學》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 劉少奇 憂患意識 黨的建設

【摘要】：憂患意識在中華文化中源遠流長。憂患是一種經(jīng)歷過困苦患難的境遇,爾后知居安思危的智慧,我們的祖先將它形象地解釋為"猶患難"。用歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義觀點分析,憂患由責任發(fā)端,促使人們?nèi)�、發(fā)展地看問題,以圖達到消憂弭患之目的,是一種責任意識、全局意識、前瞻意識和圖強意識。與其他思想意識一樣,憂患意識源于實踐,同時被實踐所檢驗,具有鮮明的階級性、社會性、時代性和實踐性,其功能在于預判未來之趨勢、揭示現(xiàn)實之危機、凝聚社會之力量。歷史一再證明,一個國家的繁榮昌盛、一個民族的興旺發(fā)達,與具備科學的憂患意識密不可分。建黨九十余年來,中國共產(chǎn)黨人篳路藍縷、披荊斬棘,艱苦探尋中國革命、建設和改革開放事業(yè)的客觀規(guī)律,高瞻遠矚謀劃國家發(fā)展和人民生活改善,主動承擔起實現(xiàn)中華民族偉大復興的歷史責任。在此過程中,形成了以馬克思主義為指導,以憂國、憂民、憂黨為主要內(nèi)容,以更好履行黨的執(zhí)政使命、全面推動黨的事業(yè)發(fā)展為根本目的的憂患意識。劉少奇的憂患意識是其極為重要的組成部分。與大多數(shù)中共早期領導人的經(jīng)歷相似,劉少奇的青少年時代恰逢國家出現(xiàn)"數(shù)千年未有之大變局",既在歷史的慣性里接受了系統(tǒng)的中華傳統(tǒng)文化教育,也在尋路的歷程中接觸過各種新奇思想,歷經(jīng)波折才找尋到馬克思主義;走上革命道路后,他領導過工人運動,也從事過秘密戰(zhàn)線工作,不僅具有豐富的地方工作和群眾工作經(jīng)驗,還曾主持中央一線工作多年,是中共黨內(nèi)一位比較全面的領導人,也是深懷憂患的一位領導人。可以說,劉少奇的憂患意識有著深厚的歷史文化淵源和豐富的實踐依據(jù)。時代喚醒了劉少奇早已內(nèi)化于心的"經(jīng)世濟民"之志向和振興中華之擔當;馬克思主義推動其憂患意識更加科學、更加全面;領導中國革命和建設的歷史實踐又使其憂國、憂民、憂黨意識不斷拓展、持續(xù)深化。劉少奇的憂患意識,有一個隨中國革命和建設主線發(fā)展而發(fā)展,并與其人生不同階段的特征相關聯(lián)的發(fā)展演進歷程。它孕育于劉少奇的少年時代,生成于二十世紀二三十年代,大致隨著中國共產(chǎn)黨在領導全民族抗戰(zhàn)的歷程中發(fā)展壯大而逐步發(fā)展成熟,又因中國共產(chǎn)黨的歷史使命變化而發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)化和新的發(fā)展。根據(jù)劉少奇各個時期憂患意識的主題和特點,可將其演進過程劃分為孕育(1920年以前)、生成(1920—1937年)、發(fā)展(1937—1945年)、轉(zhuǎn)化與新的發(fā)展(1945—1969年)四個階段。這一過程,既與他青少年時代的生活和所受教育、邁上革命道路后的歷練與實踐、擔任中央領導職務后的經(jīng)歷與思考等密切相關,又與他參加革命后不斷深化對世情、國情、黨情的認識緊密相連,既是其本人進行長期實踐和總結的過程,也是中國共產(chǎn)黨第一代領導集體政治智慧不斷積累與升華的過程。劉少奇憂患意識的主要內(nèi)容與其所從事的革命和建設事業(yè)高度契合,主要包括憂國、憂民、憂黨三個方面,并且在新中國成立前后有顯著的變化。從憂國意識看,在新中國建立之前,他投身革命,憂國之將亡,救國于即傾;在全國解放之后,他領導建設,憂國之落后,謀國之發(fā)展。從憂民意識看,他在新中國成立前主要憂農(nóng)民、工人等處于社會底層的勞動人民生活之貧苦和政治上受到帝國主義、封建主義、官僚資本主義的壓迫,建國后主要憂人民群眾生活水平提高不明顯以及黨和政府不熟悉、不重視民生工作。從憂黨意識看,劉少奇主要憂黨在思想、組織和作風建設方面存在的問題。他對中共自身建設的關注點,有些從建黨初期一直持續(xù)到新中國成立后,有些則是階段性的,隨不同歷史時期黨的工作重心變換而有所側(cè)重。其中,他對黨員在思想上入黨、提升黨員的理論素養(yǎng)、選好用準干部、開展正常的黨內(nèi)斗爭、堅持群眾路線、貫徹民主集中制原則,預防和打擊腐敗等方面,始終保持著較高的關注度。劉少奇憂患意識的歷史貢獻主要集中在兩個層面。在理論層面,豐富了中國共產(chǎn)黨人的憂患意識,開拓了中國共產(chǎn)黨人運用歷史唯物主義和辯證唯物主義的新境界,對于中國共產(chǎn)黨第一代領導集體了解、掌握馬克思列寧主義的精髓,并將之與中國實際相結合,從而形成第一次歷史性飛躍,起到了重要的推動作用。在實踐層面,繼承和發(fā)揚了中國傳統(tǒng)治國理政理念中的精華,并在現(xiàn)代歷史條件下居安思危,持續(xù)推動中國革命和建設事業(yè)發(fā)展,特別是在憂患意識指導下,提出一系列有關黨的建設的重要理論,對于中國共產(chǎn)黨的不斷發(fā)展壯大居功至偉。劉少奇的憂患意識從實踐中來,又經(jīng)過實踐的檢驗,對中國共產(chǎn)黨在新的歷史時期進一步加強和改進黨的建設,更好地落實"四個全面"戰(zhàn)略布局,帶領全國人民實現(xiàn)"兩個一百年"奮斗目標,有著重要的現(xiàn)實借鑒意義,也昭示了執(zhí)政黨只有具備了科學的憂患意識方能有效應對各方面的風險和挑戰(zhàn)。
[Abstract]:The sense of history in Chinese culture. Suffering is an experienced hardship in the situation, and then know in the wisdom of our ancestors, it vividly interpreted as "Jude trouble". With the analysis of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, by the end of suffering responsibility hair makes people look at the issue, comprehensive development in order to eliminate any worries, purpose, is a kind of responsibility consciousness, global consciousness, forward thinking and consciousness. Like other thoughts and strong consciousness, suffering consciousness comes from practice, and practice inspection, has a class of distinct sociality, times and practicality, its function is to predict the future the trend, to reveal the real crisis, social cohesion and strength. History has repeatedly proved that a thriving and prosperous country, a nation's prosperity, and have close scientific sense. The founding of ninety years, a total of Chinese The Communist Party of China, people arduous way, hard to explore the objective law of China revolution, construction and reform and opening up the national development plan, look far ahead from a high plane and the improvement of people's life, the initiative to assume the historical responsibility to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. In this process, the formation of the Marx doctrine as a guide, to the country, people worry about the party, as the main content, to better fulfill the party's mission, to promote the development of the party's cause is the fundamental purpose of the consciousness of Liu Shaoji's suffering consciousness is the extremely important part. And most of the early leaders of the Chinese Communist Party experienced similar Liu Shaoji youth "coincides with the state for thousands of years have seen big changes, not only in the history of the the inertia accepted the traditional Chinese culture and education system, also met with a variety of new ideas in the process of wayfinding, twists and turns to find the Marx doctrine; go On the road of revolution, he led the workers' movement, but also engaged in secret front work, not only has the rich local work and mass work experience, also presided over the central line of work for many years, the Chinese Communist Party is a comprehensive leader, is also deeply suffering a leader. It can be said that Liu Shaoji's anxiety consciousness has a profound historical and cultural origins and rich practical basis. Liu Shaoji had awakened the era of ambition internalized in the heart "and" responsibility and rejuvenation of the Marx doctrine; promote the sense of more scientific, more comprehensive; leadership China historical practice of revolution and construction and the country, people worry about the party. The consciousness of development, continue to deepen. Liu Shaoji's sense of urgency, there is a Chinese with the revolution and construction line development, and related characteristics of different stages of life and the evolution. Conceived in Liu Shaoji's boyhood, created in twentieth Century 20s and 30s, with approximately China Communist Party in the national war of resistance in the process of leadership development and gradually mature, and because of the historical mission of the Communist Party of Chinese change and transform and new development. According to the theme and characteristics of each period Liu Shaoji hardship consciousness, the evolution of the process is divided into gestation (before 1920), generation (1920 - 1937), development (1937 - 1945), transformation and new development (1945 - 1969) in four stages. In this process, not only with his young age life and education experience and practice, step on the road of revolution after. As the central leadership positions after the experience and thinking are closely related, and he joined the revolution after the continuous deepening of the world situation, understand the situation closely, not only its own conduct long-term practice and summary of the process, but also Is the political wisdom of the first generation of collective leadership Chinese accumulation process and the sublimation of the revolution and construction. The main contents of Liu Shaoji's sense of hardship and are engaged in highly fit, including the country, the country and the people, the three aspects of the party concerned, and there is significant change before and after the new Chinese was established. From the 'awareness, in the new Chinese before the establishment, he joined the revolution, the country will perish, save in that list; in the country after the liberation, he led the construction of the country backward, mouguo development. From his consciousness, he in the new China before the establishment of the main concern of farmers, workers in the bottom of the social and political life of the poor working people on by imperialism, feudalism and bureaucrat capitalism's oppression, the main worry after the founding of the people's living standards improve significantly, the party and the government are not familiar with, do not pay attention to people's livelihood. From the party consciousness, Liu Shaoji The main party in ideology, organization and style of existing problems in the construction of the Communist Party of China. He concerns the construction of some of the early founding until after the founding of new China, some is the stage, with the focus of transformation in different historical periods and different emphases. The party, he thought of Party members in the join the party, enhance the theory accomplishment of Party members, quasi selected cadres to carry out normal inner-Party struggle, adhere to the mass line, implement the principle of democratic centralism, to prevent and combat corruption, has always maintained a high degree of concern. The historical contribution of Liu Shaoji's sense of hardship is mainly concentrated in two aspects. In theory, enrich the Chinese the Communist Party's sense of urgency, opened up a new realm of China Communists with historical materialism and dialectical materialism, China for the first generation of collective leadership understand, master Marx Lenin The meaning of the essence, and combining with the actual China, thus forming the first historical leap, played an important role. In practice, inherit and carry forward the essence of traditional Chinese rule in political philosophy, and danger in modern historical conditions, continue to push the Chinese revolution and construction career development in particular, in the sense of guidance, put forward a series of important theory about the construction of the party, for the continuous development and expansion of the Communist Party of China tribute. Liu Shaoji's suffering consciousness from practice, and through the test of practice, the Chinese Communist Party in the new historical period to further strengthen and improve Party building, better the implementation of "four comprehensive" strategic layout, leading the Chinese people to realize the "two one hundred year" goal, has important practical significance, also shows that the ruling party only with the scientific consciousness of Party Can effectively deal with all aspects of the risks and challenges.

【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D239
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本文編號：1415252