本文關(guān)鍵詞：新中國60年來高校理想教育的基本歷程與基本經(jīng)驗　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 新中國60年 高等學(xué)校 理想教育

【摘要】：理想信念是人的鈣。我們黨一直以來都非常重視青年大學(xué)生的理想教育,培養(yǎng)青年一代具有堅定的政治信仰和現(xiàn)代專業(yè)知識,這是強國富民的重要基石。系統(tǒng)深入地研究高等學(xué)校理想教育,是高等學(xué)校思想政治教育實踐的迫切需要,也是馬克思主義理論學(xué)科建設(shè)和理論發(fā)展的必然要求。高等學(xué)校理想教育在不同時期有不同的目標(biāo)、內(nèi)容和特點,本論文從歷史發(fā)展的角度入手,對新中國成立以來六十年高等學(xué)校理想教育的基本歷程、基本經(jīng)驗和發(fā)展軌跡進行了總結(jié)與梳理,按照時間發(fā)展的順序分為奠定基礎(chǔ)時期、曲折發(fā)展時期、嚴重受挫時期、撥亂反正和新的發(fā)展時期、迅速發(fā)展時期、穩(wěn)定發(fā)展時期六個階段來考察。同時在考察我國高等學(xué)校理想教育的歷史背景、主要內(nèi)容、基本特點、基本路徑和基本經(jīng)驗的基礎(chǔ)上努力揭示其發(fā)展的內(nèi)在規(guī)律與發(fā)展趨勢,以歷史發(fā)展過程的內(nèi)在必然性為指引,實現(xiàn)了理想教育的理論邏輯與我國高等學(xué)校理想教育歷史發(fā)展的實踐邏輯的統(tǒng)一。奠定基礎(chǔ)時期。從1949年新中國成立到1956年基本完成社會主義改造時期,我們面臨的首要任務(wù)是鞏固新生的人民政權(quán),恢復(fù)國民經(jīng)濟與各項建設(shè)任務(wù),穩(wěn)定社會秩序。在這樣的時代背景下,結(jié)合國家建設(shè)的實際需要,通過加強社會主義理論、政策、方針的宣傳和開展全國人民的政治學(xué)習(xí)運動推動高等學(xué)校理想教育。理想教育的內(nèi)容是培養(yǎng)堅定的政治立場和政治方向,發(fā)展為人民服務(wù)的思想,培養(yǎng)文明進步的社會公德。教育方式是逐步完善高等學(xué)校思想理論教育課程體系、建設(shè)完善高等學(xué)校政治工作制度等,注重通過開展全國人民的政治學(xué)習(xí)運動、加強黨的宣傳工作促進高等學(xué)校理想教育。曲折發(fā)展時期。從1956年至1966年開始全面建設(shè)社會主義時期,社會主義改造和社會主義建設(shè)取得了巨大成就,但由于黨內(nèi)“左”傾思想泛濫,黨的工作重心沒能完全轉(zhuǎn)到經(jīng)濟建設(shè)上來,給高校理想教育帶來了“左”的影響。這一時期高等學(xué)校理想教育的主要內(nèi)容是教育青年大學(xué)生走又紅又專的道路。高等學(xué)校思想政治理論課課程建設(shè)、政治工作制度建設(shè)、對知識分子的教育和改造等不斷完善,為實現(xiàn)理想教育目標(biāo)提供了重要保障。教育中注重弘揚先進模范精神以及發(fā)揮生產(chǎn)勞動、社會運動在理想教育中的作用。嚴重受挫時期。從1966年至1976年“文化大革命”時期,“左”傾錯誤指導(dǎo)思想在黨中央占主導(dǎo)地位,遵循“以階級斗爭為綱”,脫離社會主義建設(shè)實踐,教育事業(yè)和民族傳統(tǒng)文化遭到嚴酷摧殘。高校理想教育步入為階級斗爭擴大化、絕對化服務(wù)的誤區(qū),其主要內(nèi)容是加強階級斗爭和兩條路線斗爭的教育,進行政治掛帥、德育第一的教育。教育方式以階級斗爭、生產(chǎn)斗爭、科學(xué)實驗三大革命運動為主,采取強制說教、簡單灌輸?shù)姆椒?嚴重脫離實際,高等學(xué)校理想教育遭受嚴重的破壞。撥亂反正和新的發(fā)展時期。從1976年至1992年是開創(chuàng)中國特色社會主義事業(yè)新時期,高等學(xué)校理想教育內(nèi)容深刻生動,教育形式豐富多樣,總體分為撥亂反正和穩(wěn)步發(fā)展兩個階段。這一時期高等學(xué)校理想教育拔云見日,迎來新的發(fā)展,主要內(nèi)容是對青年大學(xué)生進行改革開放的教育,堅定馬克思主義理想信念,反對資產(chǎn)階級自由化,樹立全心全意為人民服務(wù)的思想,努力成長為“四有”新人,具有鮮明的時代特征。教育形式也豐富多樣,包括“兩課”在內(nèi)的思想政治教育課程體系的進一步建設(shè)與發(fā)展、高校政治工作制度與隊伍日益規(guī)范完善、生產(chǎn)勞動與社會實踐教育更加成熟、綜合發(fā)揮國防軍事教育、體育與衛(wèi)生教育、藝術(shù)教育的優(yōu)勢等。但期間由于國家發(fā)展經(jīng)濟放松了思想政治教育,雖然取得了巨大的成就,也發(fā)生過嚴重的失誤。迅速發(fā)展時期。從1992年至2002年是改革開放和現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)新階段,中國特色社會主義偉大實踐以建立社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制為中心取得重要進展。這一時期高等學(xué)校理想教育的主要內(nèi)容是加強中國特色社會主義共同理想的教育,深化愛國主義、集體主義和社會主義思想教育,加強以愛國主義為重點的社會主義道德教育,幫助大學(xué)生培養(yǎng)良好的品德和行為習(xí)慣、健康的心理素質(zhì)。新的發(fā)展機遇也給高等學(xué)校理想教育工作帶來嚴峻的挑戰(zhàn),在江澤民《關(guān)于教育問題的談話》、《中國教育改革和發(fā)展綱要》、《公民道德建設(shè)實施綱要》、《愛國主義教育實施綱要》、《中國普通高等學(xué)校德育大綱》、《關(guān)于加強社會主義精神文明建設(shè)若干重要問題的決議》、《中共中央關(guān)于進一步加強和改進學(xué)校德育工作的若干意見》和《中共中央國務(wù)院關(guān)于深化教育改革全面推進素質(zhì)教育的決定》等文件的指導(dǎo)下,理想教育注重質(zhì)量發(fā)展與內(nèi)涵提升,綜合運用教育、管理與輿論等手段,注重網(wǎng)絡(luò)文化建設(shè),通過全社會的精神文明建設(shè)、教育法制建設(shè)等促進理想教育,實現(xiàn)全員育人、全過程育人。穩(wěn)定發(fā)展時期。2002年至2009年進入新世紀,在社會主義建設(shè)與發(fā)展取得的經(jīng)驗與成就基礎(chǔ)上,黨帶領(lǐng)全國各族人民努力構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會,推進社會主義核心價值體系建設(shè),促進社會主義文化大繁榮大發(fā)展。理想教育的主要任務(wù)是在中國特色社會主義共同理想的感召下,深入進行科學(xué)的世界觀、人生觀和價值觀教育,樹立和踐行社會主義榮辱觀,“促進青年大學(xué)生思想道德素質(zhì)、科學(xué)文化素質(zhì)和健康素質(zhì)協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展”①。這一時期高等學(xué)校理想教育依然以思想政治理論課為主渠道,不斷深化大學(xué)生社會實踐教育與志愿服務(wù)活動,進一步完善和規(guī)范高校政治工作制度,努力提高理想教育的針對性、實效性和吸引力、感染力。理想教育的特點是凸顯理想教育在思想政治教育工作中的核心作用,注重教育質(zhì)量,貫徹以人為本的思想向縱深發(fā)展。新中國成立六十年來高等學(xué)校理想教育的基本經(jīng)驗有四：一是高等學(xué)校理想教育應(yīng)始終圍繞黨的中心任務(wù)展開；二是凸顯理想教育在大學(xué)生思想政治教育中的核心作用；三是堅持正面理論灌輸方式和理論聯(lián)系實際的原則；四是充分發(fā)揮榜樣的模范帶頭作用促進高校理想教育。新中國成立六十年來高等學(xué)校理想教育的基本啟示有四：一是理想教育必須堅持以馬克思主義理論教育為基礎(chǔ)；二是理想教育必須堅持實事求是和以人為本的原則；三是主旋律明確,注重教育方式的豐富性和多樣性,運用各種積極的手段調(diào)動教育者與受教育者的積極性、主動性和創(chuàng)造性；四是重視發(fā)揮高等學(xué)校在理想教育中的獨特作用。目前,我國高等學(xué)校理想教育可以從以下五個方面改進：一是優(yōu)化教育意識,實行雙主體性原則；二是完善教育機制,實行激勵原則；三是改進方法,實行滲透原則；四是內(nèi)化于心,發(fā)展教育覺悟；五是外化于行,發(fā)揮實踐功效。
[Abstract]:Ideal faith is man's calcium. Our party has always attached great importance to the ideal education of young college students, and fostering the young generation with firm political belief and modern professional knowledge, which is an important cornerstone for a powerful nation to enrich the people. Systematic and in-depth study of ideal education in Colleges and universities is an urgent need for the practice of Ideological and political education in Colleges and universities. It is also an inevitable requirement for Marx's theory construction and theoretical development. Higher school ideal education goals, different content and characteristics in different periods, this paper from the perspective of historical development, since the new China established the basic course, sixty years of high school education ideal basic experience and development are summarized and combed, according to the order of time divided into foundation period, tortuous development during the period, a serious setback, the new period of development, bring order out of chaos and rapid development period, stable period of six stages of development. At the same time, based on the historical background, main content, basic characteristics, study the ideal of higher education in our country and the basic experience of the basic path to reveal the inherent law and development trend of its development, the inherent inevitability of history as a guide, unified practice logic implements the theoretical logic of Education and teaching in Colleges and universities the historical development of the ideal of the ideal education. Lay the foundation period. From the founding of new China in 1949 to the completion of socialist transformation in 1956, the primary task we face is consolidating the new people's political power, restoring the national economy and construction tasks, and stabilizing social order. In this era of background, combined with the actual needs of national construction, we should enhance the propaganda of socialist theory, policies and policies and carry out the National People's political learning movement to promote the ideal education in Colleges and universities. The content of ideal education is to cultivate a firm political position and political direction, to develop the thought of serving the people and to cultivate the social morality of civilization and progress. The mode of education is to gradually improve the ideological and theoretical education curriculum system in Colleges and universities, and improve the political work system in Colleges and universities. We should focus on developing the National People's political learning campaign and strengthening the party's propaganda work, so as to promote the ideal education in Colleges and universities. A period of tortuous development. Start the comprehensive construction socialism period from 1956 to 1966, the socialist transformation and socialist construction has made great achievements, but because of the "left" thinking spread, the focus of the party's work could not be fully transferred to the economic construction, bring the "left" influence to the ideal education in universities. The main contents of the ideal education in schools of higher education in this period is to go the road of both socialist-minded and professionally competent young college students. The ideological and political theory course construction, the construction of political work system and the education and transformation of intellectuals have provided an important guarantee for achieving the goal of ideal education. In education, we should pay attention to the development of advanced model spirit and play the role of productive labor and social movement in ideal education. A period of severe frustration. From 1966 to 1976, during the "Cultural Revolution" period, the "left" wrong guiding ideology took the lead in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. It followed the idea of "class struggle as the key link" and broke away from the practice of socialist construction, and education and traditional culture were severely damaged. The ideal education in universities to enter for the extension of class struggle, the absolute errors of service, its main content is to strengthen the class struggle and the struggle between the two lines of education, politics, moral education first. The three revolutionary movements of class struggle, production struggle and scientific experiment are the main ways of education. The way of compulsory education and simple indoctrination is seriously divorced from reality, and the ideal education in Colleges and universities has been seriously damaged. The new period of development and bring order out of chaos. From 1976 to 1992 is a new era China socialism, higher school education ideal education profound content vivid, rich and varied forms, is divided into two stages to bring order out of chaos and steady development. This period of higher school education ideal pull the clouds and see the day, usher in a new development, the main content is to carry out reform and opening up education for young college students, Marx's firm ideals and beliefs, opposing bourgeois liberalization, establish the idea of serving the people wholeheartedly, as long as the efforts of the "Four Haves", with distinct characteristics of the times. Also a variety of forms of education, including the "Two Courses", the ideological and political education system further construction and development of colleges and universities, political system and team work is increasingly standardized perfect, productive labor and social practice education more mature, comprehensive play defense and military education, physical education and health education, art education. However, due to the economic development of the country relaxed ideological and political education, although great achievements have been made, and there have been serious mistakes. The period of rapid development. From 1992 to 2002, it is a new stage of reform and opening up and modernization. Great progress has been made in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics centered on the establishment of a socialist market economic system. The main contents of the ideal education of this period is to strengthen the Chinese socialist common ideal education, deepening the patriotism, collectivism and socialist ideological education, strengthen the socialist moral education with patriotism as the focus, to help students cultivate the habit of moral behavior, and good psychological quality. New development opportunities as well as challenges to the ideal education of colleges and universities, in Jiang Zemin "talks on education", "Chinese education reform and development outline", "the program for Improving Civic Morality", "patriotism education program", "China ordinary high school moral education program", "on the strengthening of socialist the construction of spiritual civilization of several important
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：G641

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