本文關(guān)鍵詞：南朝國家教育與文學(xué)整合　出處：《鄭州大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 南朝 教育 文學(xué) 國家意識形態(tài)

【摘要】：相比于門閥政治的東晉,南朝皇權(quán)的控制力得到了加強(qiáng)�；蕶�(quán)借助于策試選舉,強(qiáng)化了國家教育,掌握了人才的控制權(quán)。同時,國家還借助于策試選舉,對各種教育資源加以整合,使其具有鮮明的國家意識形態(tài)性。在國家教育的實(shí)施過程中,文學(xué)活動所受的影響比較突出。本文所關(guān)注的,就是南朝國家教育是如何發(fā)展自身,并配合皇權(quán)需要整合文學(xué)活動發(fā)展這一問題的。本文正文共四個部分,第一部分主要討論南朝國家教育的基本制度。認(rèn)為南朝較之前更重視國家教育,在教育機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)置上也突破了兩漢以來以太學(xué)、國子學(xué)為核心的單一教育格局。同時還利用私學(xué)教育發(fā)達(dá)的時代特點(diǎn),采取私辦官助的形式開設(shè)了四學(xué)、五館等教育機(jī)構(gòu),有效實(shí)現(xiàn)了教育規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大。同時,南朝國家教育還改變了兩漢以來以儒家經(jīng)學(xué)教育為主的單一內(nèi)容,創(chuàng)立了如“儒學(xué)”、“玄學(xué)”、“文學(xué)”、“史學(xué)”、“陰陽學(xué)”、“律學(xué)”等�？平逃�,同時倡導(dǎo)“實(shí)用”教育,壓縮了士族階層的權(quán)力空間。在國家教育制度與文學(xué)活動整合方面,國家教育立足京城,使得文學(xué)家的區(qū)域分布呈現(xiàn)出以京城為中心的集聚性特征。再加上教育在國家選舉中的作用日趨加強(qiáng),寒素階層日漸崛起,圍繞政治和權(quán)力呈現(xiàn)出文士集團(tuán)化發(fā)展的趨勢,文學(xué)集團(tuán)也逐漸增多,驅(qū)動了南朝文學(xué)的發(fā)展。此外,國家對文學(xué)價值取向的管控也逐漸增強(qiáng),“文”成為世人“獲罪”和“進(jìn)身”的重要原因。第二部分梳理了南朝國家教育的內(nèi)容,總結(jié)了其特點(diǎn),并就其對文學(xué)理論的整合情況進(jìn)行了論述。南朝的國家教育盡管呈現(xiàn)出多元發(fā)展的態(tài)勢,但核心內(nèi)容還是儒家經(jīng)學(xué)。同時由于魏晉以來的玄學(xué)傳統(tǒng),玄學(xué)在國家教育中依然占有重要地位。此外,為了在南北朝的意識形態(tài)爭奪中獲取統(tǒng)治地位,南朝統(tǒng)治者普遍崇信道教與佛教,國家教育多雜宗教因素,尤以佛教為勝。另外,隨著重文風(fēng)氣的強(qiáng)化,以“屬文”為目的的文學(xué)�？平逃驳玫桨l(fā)展。國家教育通過這些教育內(nèi)容的規(guī)范,整合、引領(lǐng)了當(dāng)時的文學(xué)發(fā)展。其突出表現(xiàn)就是南朝以“征圣宗經(jīng)”為基本理念的文學(xué)理論著作與文學(xué)總集的大量出現(xiàn)。國家籍此樹立了文學(xué)典范,目的就是利用文學(xué)服務(wù)于國家意識形態(tài)的建構(gòu),塑造并維護(hù)國家形象。第三部分著意于國家教育方法對文學(xué)活動的影響問題。南朝國家教育的方法從歷史承襲而來,主要有賞識法、諷誦法、模仿法、辯難法。賞識法主要發(fā)生在利益相關(guān)的群體之中,著力于提升被賞識對象的信心,對文學(xué)的集團(tuán)化發(fā)展和文學(xué)的傳播有積極意義;諷誦法以識記和吟誦為基本內(nèi)容,對文學(xué)“隸事”、“征事”、“用典”的發(fā)生有推動作用,對文學(xué)類“類書”的發(fā)展也有影響。同時由于諷誦“以音聲節(jié)之”的需求,對南朝文學(xué)在音韻方面的發(fā)展也有促進(jìn)作用;模仿法強(qiáng)調(diào)以經(jīng)典為模仿和擬作對象,促成了文體范式的形成,使文學(xué)的技術(shù)性得到強(qiáng)化,推動了文體形式化發(fā)展的趨勢,對”文學(xué)早慧”有積極影響;辯難法以問答為基本特征,在與玄談融合后,對文學(xué)重視語言修辭的形式化發(fā)展有一定影響,同時“難”作為文體,也得到進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。第四部分主要從文學(xué)角度來反觀南朝國家教育。認(rèn)為南朝文學(xué)對國家教育的反映主要表現(xiàn)為兩個層次,一是對國家教育活動的記錄,以興學(xué)詔和勸學(xué)文為主;二是對國家教化的呈現(xiàn)和鼓吹,以應(yīng)制文學(xué)、通俗文學(xué)(輔教書等)為代表,宣揚(yáng)忠君、孝道、大一統(tǒng)的政治理想。研究認(rèn)為,南朝文學(xué)活動是與國家大一統(tǒng)的政治訴求密切相關(guān)的,有著鮮明的事功傾向。本文在關(guān)注國家教育和其文學(xué)整合作用的同時,還就教育和文學(xué)活動中的一些問題如蕭梁“五館”的成立時間、南朝“太學(xué)、國學(xué)、國子學(xué)、國子太學(xué)”的內(nèi)涵、“集雅館”的職能、南朝”文學(xué)早慧”等名物制度問題進(jìn)行了考辯,對一些爭議性問題也給予了教育學(xué)的闡釋。
[Abstract]:Compared to the political patriarch of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the imperial authority control has been strengthened. With the help of the imperial election, strengthened the national education, control personnel. At the same time, the state also with the help of the election, to integrate various educational resources, which has distinctive national ideology. In the process of the implementation of national education, the influence of literary activities is more prominent. The concern of this article is how the national education of the southern dynasties developed itself and the need to integrate the development of literary activities with the need of imperial power. The text of this article is divided into four parts. The first part mainly discusses the basic system of the national education in the Southern Dynasties. It is believed that the Southern Dynasties paid more attention to national education than before, and that the setting of educational institutions had also broken through the single education pattern which was the core of the education of the ether and the country. At the same time, with the characteristics of the development of private education, we established four schools, five libraries and other educational institutions in the form of private official assistance, which effectively realized the expansion of educational scale. At the same time, the national education also changed the content of single Han Dynasty Confucian classics to education, founded as "Confucianism", "metaphysics" and "Literature" and "history" and "Yin and Yang", "temperament" and other specialty education, advocating "practical" education at the same time, compression of the nobility of power space. In the integration of national educational system and literary activities, state education is based on Beijing, making the regional distribution of writers showing a centralization feature centered on Beijing. Coupled with the role of education in national elections in the increasingly strengthened, poor stratum rising, politics and power presents the development trend of the group around the scribes, the literary group has gradually increased, driving the development of the southern literature. In addition, the state has gradually strengthened the control of the value orientation of literature, and "Wen" has become an important reason for the world to be "guilty" and "enter the body". The second part combed the content of the national education in the Southern Dynasty, summed up its characteristics, and discussed the integration of literature theory. Although the national education in the Southern Dynasties showed a trend of pluralistic development, the core content was Confucian classics. At the same time, metaphysics still occupies an important position in national education because of the metaphysical tradition since the Wei and Jin Dynasties. In addition, in order to gain a dominant position in the ideological struggle in the northern and Southern Dynasties, the southern rulers were generally Taoist and Buddhist in Chongxin. In addition, with the strengthening of cultural atmosphere, "Wen" has also been developed for the purpose of education specialist literature. Through the norms of these educational contents, national education has integrated and led the development of literature at that time. The emergence of a large number of works of literary theory and literary works which is reflected in the "Zheng Sheng classics" as the basic concept. The country has set up a model of literature, the purpose of which is to use literature to serve the construction of national ideology and to shape and maintain the image of the country. The third part focuses on the national education method influence on literary activities. The method of the national education and inherited from history, the main recognition method, and method, imitation method, method of. The appreciation method mainly occurs in the interest related groups, focus on improving the recognition of object confidence, positive communication on literature group development and literature; and to memorize and recite the basic content of literature "subject matter" and "syndrome", "allusion" has occurred role also, have influence on the development of literature "books". At the same time as read "in Sound Festival" needs to also promote the development of the Southern Dynasty literature in rhyme; imitation method emphasizes the classic imitation and imitation object, contributed to the formation of literary form, make the technical literature have been strengthened, to promote the style of development trend, have a positive impact on the "Literature" of law to ask precocious; as the basic features, in fusion and metaphysics, the literature attention has certain influence on formal development of language rhetoric, at the same time as the "hard" style, have been further developed. The fourth part mainly reflects the national education in the Southern Dynasties from the literary point of view. That reflects the southern literature on state education mainly for two levels, one is the national education activities in schools and their records, the imperial; two is the national education and advocacy, to do literature and popular literature (auxiliary teaching etc.) as the representative, Mr. Xuan Yangzhong, filial piety, unified political ideal. Research shows that the literary activity is closely related with the political aspirations of the unity of the nation, has a distinctive utilitarian tendency. At the same time in the attention of the national education and the integration of the literature education and literature, also in some problems such as Xiao Liang's "five house", "the establishment of the Imperial College, Ancient Chinese Literature Search, Guozixue, the son of Imperial College" meaning, "Jiya Museum", "the function of literature precocious" the problem of an examination system, on some controversial issues also give education explanation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G529;I206.2
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本文編號：1338264