【摘要】：近年來,未成年人實(shí)施的社會(huì)危害行為愈發(fā)增多,大多數(shù)未成年人在實(shí)施危害行為時(shí)主觀惡性大,存在共同預(yù)謀的情形,且行為手段惡劣、危害性程度深。從立法層面看,現(xiàn)階段我國社會(huì)背景與立法之初相比發(fā)生了很大的變化,意味著之前所確定的刑事責(zé)任年齡所考慮的因素發(fā)生了改變。從司法層面看,很多未成年人具備對(duì)社會(huì)危害行為的辨認(rèn)和控制能力,在其實(shí)施違法行為后,因其未達(dá)刑事責(zé)任年齡而無法被追究刑事責(zé)任。實(shí)踐中,對(duì)行為人的教育、改造效果并不理想,復(fù)歸社會(huì)后的再犯率較高。為此,理論和實(shí)踐中降低刑事責(zé)任年齡的呼聲高漲。我國《刑法》對(duì)刑事責(zé)任年齡規(guī)定的起點(diǎn)偏高,一味地對(duì)未成年人社會(huì)危害行為采取容忍態(tài)度并不可取,也無法滿足預(yù)防和懲罰犯罪的需要。故而,從降低刑事責(zé)任年齡的必要性、正當(dāng)性、可行性三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行探討。首先,未成年人犯罪形勢(shì)嚴(yán)峻,中小學(xué)校園暴力事件影響惡劣,網(wǎng)絡(luò)時(shí)代社會(huì)危害行為加劇等狀況均體現(xiàn)了降低刑事責(zé)任年齡的必要性;其次,從事理和法理兩個(gè)層面突出降低刑事責(zé)任年齡具有正當(dāng)性,符合現(xiàn)實(shí)狀況和理論要求;最后,因?yàn)樯鐣?huì)公眾對(duì)未成年人處罰態(tài)度的轉(zhuǎn)變及我國刑罰輕緩化和行刑社會(huì)化的等思想觀念、刑罰理念的革新,所以降低刑事責(zé)任年齡在當(dāng)前社會(huì)環(huán)境下具有可行性。完善我國《刑法》對(duì)刑事責(zé)任年齡的規(guī)定,在刑事責(zé)任年齡降低后還需要一些配套措施來確保制度能夠有效實(shí)施。參考國外先進(jìn)的立法技術(shù),提出將惡意補(bǔ)足年齡的思想納入刑事立法,進(jìn)一步完善社會(huì)調(diào)查制度,確定針對(duì)未成年人的保安處分、犯罪復(fù)權(quán)制度等有利于未成年犯罪人復(fù)歸社會(huì)的配套措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the number of social harm behaviors carried out by minors is increasing. Most of the minors are subjective and malignant when they carry out the harm behavior, and there are common premeditated situations, and the behavior means are bad, the degree of harmfulness is deep. From the legislative point of view, the social background of our country has changed a lot compared with the beginning of legislation, which means that the factors considered by the criminal responsibility age have changed. From the judicial point of view, many minors have the ability to identify and control the social harm behavior. After they have committed the illegal acts, they can not be investigated for criminal responsibility because they have not reached the age of criminal responsibility. In practice, the education of the perpetrators, the effect of reform is not ideal, after the return to society, the rate of recidivism is higher. Therefore, in theory and practice, the voice of lowering the age of criminal responsibility is rising. The criminal law of our country has a high starting point for the age of criminal responsibility. It is not desirable to blindly adopt a tolerant attitude towards the social harm behavior of minors, nor can it meet the need of preventing and punishing crimes. Therefore, this paper discusses the necessity, legitimacy and feasibility of lowering the age of criminal responsibility. Firstly, the situation of juvenile delinquency is severe, the influence of violence in primary and secondary schools is bad, the social harm behavior intensifies in the network era, and so on all reflect the necessity of lowering the age of criminal responsibility. Secondly, it is legitimate to reduce the age of criminal responsibility at the two levels of theory and theory, which accords with the actual situation and theoretical requirements. Finally, it is feasible to reduce the age of criminal responsibility in the current social environment because of the transformation of the public attitude towards juvenile punishment, the ideological concept of punishment mitigation and socialization of execution in our country, and the innovation of penalty concept. When the age of criminal responsibility is lowered, some necessary measures are needed to ensure the effective implementation of the system. Referring to advanced foreign legislative techniques, it is proposed to incorporate the idea of malicious supplementary age into criminal legislation, further improve the social investigation system, and determine security measures against minors. The system of reversion of crime and other supporting measures conducive to the return of minor offenders to society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.1

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